硒对大鼠急性缺血心肌溶酶体膜的影响

结扎大鼠冠状动脉，造成急性心肌梗塞模型，观察硒对缺血心肌溶酶体酶的影响．结果表明，心肌缺血１小时后，缺血区心肌溶酶体酸性磷酸酶（ＡＣＰ）、组织蛋白酶Ｄ（ＣＤ）的游离酶活性（Ｆ）及游离酶活性／总酶活性比值（Ｆ／Ｔ）均明显升高，ＧＳｌｌ－Ｐｘ活性显著降低，脂质过氧化物含量（ＭＤＡ）明显增加。硒预处理大鼠，心肌急性缺血后．Ｆ及Ｆ／Ｔ显著下降，ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ明显升高，ＭＤＡ含量显著降低。硒可能通过提高缺血心肌ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性，阻止自由基介导的脂质过氧化，增加溶酶体膜的稳定性，从而减轻心肌缺血性损伤。     

Lactic acidosis,diabetes mellitus and the biguanide compounds

Summary After a brief outline of the factors regulating plasma lactate levels in normal and diabetic subjects, the AA. summarize the history, the possible mechanism of action and the therapeutic applications of the guanidine derivatives. The possibility that these drugs may increase the danger of lactic acidosis is discussed.

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Zusammenfassung Nach einer kurzen Schematisierung der Faktoren, welche die Laktatspiegel im Plasma normaler Personen und Diabetiker regeln, fassen die AA. die Geschichte, den moeglichen Wirkungsmechanismus und die therapeutischen Anwendungen der Guanidin-Derivate zusammen. Es wird die Moeglichkeit der Steigerung der Azidose-Periode (Milchsaeure) durch diese Arzneimittel diskutiert.

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Resumen Al cabo de breve esquema de los factores que regulan los niveles de lactato en el plasma de sujetos normales y diabéticos, los AA. resumen la historia, el modo de acción posible y las aplicaciones terapéuticas de los derivados de la guanidina. Se discute la posibilidad que estos fármacos puedan aumentar el período de la acidosis láctica.

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Resume Après un bref schème des facteurs qui réglent les niveaux du lactate dans le plasma des sujets normaux et diabétiques, les AA. résument l'histoire, le possible mécanisme d'action et les applications thérapeutiques des dérivés de la guanidine. On discute sur la possibilité que ces médicaments puissent accroître la période de l'acidose lactique.

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Riassunto Dopo un breve schema dei fattori che regolano i livelli di lattato nel plasma dei soggetti normali e diabetici, gli AA. riassumono la storia, il possibile meccanismo di azione e le applicazioni terapeutiche dei derivati della guanidina. Viene discussa la possibilità che questi farmaci possano incrementare il pericolo dell'acidosi lattica.

     

Severe linezolid-induced lactic acidosis in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A case report

Linezolid is an antibiotic increasingly used for treatment of resistant Gram-positive infections, which blocks bacterial proteosythesis through direct inhibition of mitochondrial ribosomes. The most common adverse effects of linezolid include gastrointestinal symtoms, peripheral neuropathy, bone marrow depression and lactic acidosis.Here we present a rare case of a 9-year-old female, a survivor of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and a hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), who developed life-threatening lactic acidosis with vomiting, impaired consciousness and Kussmaul breathing after 51 days of intravenous linezolid administration due to mycobacterial infection. She fully recovered after drug discontinuation and normalization of the plasma levels.We conclude that plasma lactate concentrations should be monitored closely during any linezolid treatment, particularly in patients with hepatic or renal dysfunction.     

Gut Microbiota Characteristics in Children After the Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors

Background/Aims: Prolonged acid suppression from proton pump inhibitor (PPI) has been shown to cause gut microbiota alteration, which may increase the risk of various infections in adults. We aimed to characterize gut microbiota profiles in children after a short-term use of PPI.Materials and Methods: Children aged 1-18 years who underwent PPI therapy were included during April-December 2017. We excluded children who previously used antibiotics or acid suppressants and who had a history of acute gastroenteritis or specific food avoidance one month prior to the enrolment. The stool samples before and after the PPI use were collected for gut microbiota composition. The 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing was performed by using Illumina MiSeq. The differences in the gut microbiota profile after the use of PPI were compared to pre-PPI period.Results: We completed stool collection in 20 children (median age of 5.8 years and 60% were female). No significant changes in the overall number of species-level taxonomy categories or predominant bacteria belonging to the phylum (Bacteroidetes) were noted. We found a trend increase in the proportion of the phylum Firmicutes among children living in the designated metropolitan/suburban area (P = .07) and among males (P = .11). In four children with infection-related adverse effects, we noted a nonsignificant increase in the proportion of the phylum Firmicutes after the PPI use (from 35% to 52%, P = .14).Conclusions: Even the total number of and predominant gut microbiota did not significantly change after a four- to eight-week course of PPI therapy; we found a trend of increase in the proportion of the phylum Firmicutes in certain groups of children.