Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) for adjuvant pain-relief during labor and delivery

Objective: We examined the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in general and the new Freemom TENS device (LifeCare, Israel) in particular, for pain relief during labor and delivery. Methods: The study group consisted of 104 women. Forty-six nulliparas (44.2%) and 58 multiparas (55.8%), all of whom used the TENS device for pain relief during labor. All participants completed a questionnaire on the degree of pain relief afforded them by TENS during the delivery and related questions. The objective evaluation was based on the documented labor and delivery parameters including medical interventions during delivery. Results: The majority of subjects (72% of the nulliparas and 69% of the multiparas) considered TENS effective for the relief of pain during labor. Most of them (67% of the nulliparas and 60% of the multiparas) responded positively to the use of TENS in future deliveries. Sixty-five percent of the multiparas considered TENS at least as effective as the other pain relief methods they had used before. TENS significantly reduced the duration of the first stage of labor P<0.001 for nulliparas, P<0.005 for multiparas and it significantly decreased the amount of analgesics administered to individual patients. No significant difference was found in fetal heart rate tracings, Apgar scores and cord blood pH between the study group and an equal number of matched controls who used other forms of pain management. Conclusions: TENS is an effective non-pharmacological, non-invasive adjuvant pain relief modality for use in labor and delivery. TENS application reduced the duration of the first stage of labor and the amount of analgesic drug administered. There were no adverse effects on mothers or newborns.     

急性缺血性卒中的神经保护药物研究进展

缺血性脑损伤的病理生理机制包括兴奋性氨基酸的释放、梗死灶周围去极化、炎症反应及神经元凋亡等。几乎对缺血级联反应的所有环节都已进行过神经保护药物的开发和试验。许多神经保护药物在脑缺血动物模型研究中证明有效,但临床试验效果却难以令人满意。本文就目前各类神经保护药治疗脑缺血的临床前期和临床试验的结果与进展作简要的回顾和展望。     

急性冠状动脉综合症药物治疗（综述）

目的:对急性冠状动脉综合征的治疗进展作一综述.方法:查阅近2～3年国内外最新研究进展进行分析、汇总.结果:近年来,急性冠状动脉综合征的介入治疗一直是一个有争议的课题.一种是保守策略,另一种是早期有创干预策略.近期临床研究一致显示,对中、高危的急性冠状动脉综合征患者宜实行早期有创干预策略.结论:对急性冠状动脉综合征患者宜进行早期诊断,及时危险分层和合理的临床干预.     

硬膜外阻滞麻醉分娩镇痛配合Doula式分娩及连续胎心监护的临床分析

目的:观察硬膜外腔阻滞麻醉分娩镇痛配合Doula式分娩及连续胎心监护的临床效果及对产科质量的影响。方法:将低浓度罗哌卡因和小剂量含芬太尼的混合液注入硬膜外腔。配合Doula式分娩及连续胎心监护,用于76例没有产科并发症及麻醉禁忌症进入活跃期的初产妇作为观察组,将单纯采用Doula式分娩的89例相同条件的初产妇作为对照组,比较两组的镇痛效果及其对产科质量的影响。结果:两组镇痛效果有极显著性差异(P<0.01),催产素使用有显著性差异(P<0.05),产程时间、分娩方式、产后出血量、胎儿窘迫、胎心监护异常发生率及新生儿窒息发生率无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:硬膜外腔阻滞麻醉用于分娩镇痛,效果可靠,对母婴无不良影响,配合Doula式分娩及连续胎心监护,安全有效。     

哮喘药物治疗新进展

哮喘药物有吸入性糖皮质激素类、长效β2受体激动剂、复合型吸入剂、茶碱缓(控)释剂、新型抗胆碱药物、白三烯调节剂等,新型抗哮喘药物临床使用具有疗效好、不良反应少的特点.现就近年来临床使用的各类平喘新药的特点及应用进行综述.     

中药防治糖尿病肾病的分子生物学研究进展

糖尿病肾病已成为糖尿病严重的并发症之一,其发病率及死亡率呈上升趋势.本文介绍了中药通过影响糖基化终产物、葡萄糖转运蛋白1、血小板衍化生长因子-β、血管内皮素-l、一氧化氮合酶、转化生长因子-β1、金属蛋白酶、血管紧张素转化酶、凋亡细胞和相关组织的基因表达,预防和治疗糖尿病肾病.     

Misoprostol vs. oxytocin for induction of labor at term.

Efficacy of misoprostol was studied for induction of labor at term. Seventy patients were randomized to Group A (n = 36, oral misoprostol 50 microg four hourly to maximum of 5 doses) and B (n = 34, continuous oxytocin infusion). Induction-delivery interval was shorter with misoprostol (7.7 +/- 2.8 h against 14.3 +/- 4.8 h with oxytocin) but the rates of vaginal delivery, cesarean, neonatal outcome variables were similar. Hence, misoprostol is an effective agent for induction of labor at term.     

Drotaverine hydrochloride for augmentation of labor.

OBJECTIVES: To study the use of drotaverine hydrochloride for acceleration of labor and relief of labor pains. METHODS: In this double-blind placebo-controlled randomized study, 100 primigravidas in uncomplicated spontaneous labor at term were given drotaverine hydrochloride or placebo (distilled water) intramuscularly. Labor events, including pain (assessed by a visual analog scale and a verbal rating scale), neonatal outcome, and side effects of the drug were recorded. Student's t-test was used for analysis. RESULTS: Forty-four patients in the drug group and 40 in the placebo group had complete data for analysis after decoding. In drotaverine group, there was a mean 15% reduction in the duration of the first stage of labor and a mean 19% reduction in the second stage. The maximum shortening of the first stage (28%) was observed when drotaverine was administered when cervical dilatation was 4 cm (P=0.044). There were no adverse fetal effects, but atonic postpartum hemorrhage was more common in the drotaverine group. There was no relief of pain with the drug except in the fourth stage of labor. CONCLUSIONS: Drotaverine hydrochloride is safe and effective in accelerating labor, but not effective in lessening labor pain.     

新时期医院制剂发展的思考

本文探讨新时期医院制剂的发展趋势.通过对"医院制剂存在的必要性"及"医院制剂特点"的分析,对"新时期医院制剂"的发展提出了几点建议,供医院药学工作者借鉴.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术围手术期的护理及其进展

腹腔镜胆囊切除术具有损伤小,疼痛少,病人恢复快,住院时间短等显著优势,已成为良性胆囊疾病胆囊切除的金标准,而术前进行健康指导、心理护理,术中密切配合手术和监测生命体征,术后腔镜手术的特殊护理和严密观测并发症有无,及时指导配合处理则能进一步消除病人忧虑,促进康复.全面细致的健康教育与心理护理在腔镜手术围手术期显得更加重要.