Performance Improvement Effect of Asphalt Binder Using Pyrolysis Carbon Black

The generation of waste tires is rapidly increasing. Waste tire pyrolysis is an alternative to waste tire recycling. The main substances extracted in the waste tire pyrolysis method include oil, carbon black, and iron. In this study, carbon black from the pyrolysis of waste tires was used to modify and improve the permanent deformation properties of the asphalt binder, and 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of pyrolysis carbon black by weight were mixed in raw asphalt, which is called AP-3 and AP-5. Laboratory tests, such as the softening point test, flash point test, rotational viscometer test, dynamic shear rheometer test, and bending beam rheometer test, were carried out. The use of pyrolysis carbon black increased the softening point and rotational viscosity at 135 °C. When using 15% PCB for AP-3 and 10% PCB for AP-5, the performance improvement effect of the resistance to permanent deformation was significant. The use of pyrolysis carbon black decreased fatigue at room temperature and improved the resistance of low-temperature cracking up to −12 °C but gave poor results at −18 °C.     

mini-Swashbuckler入路联合股骨外侧微创内固定系统治疗股骨远端骨折患者的效果

目的：观察mini-Swashbuckler入路联合股骨外侧微创内固定系统（LISS）治疗股骨远端骨折患者的效果。方法：选取80例股骨远端骨折患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组各40例。对照组采用传统Swashbuckler入路联合LISS治疗,观察组采用mini-Swashbuckler入路联合LISS治疗,比较两组临床相关指标水平、膝关节功能[美国特种外科医院膝关节功能（HSS）]评分、并发症发生率和生命质量[简明健康状况调查量表（SF-36）]评分。结果：观察组手术时间长于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组住院时间和骨折愈合时间比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;术后3、6个月时,观察组HSS评分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组并发症发生率为5.00%(2/40),与对照组的10.00%(4/40)比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;术后6个月,两组SF-36评分均高于术前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：mini-Swashbuckler入路...     

肝脏硬度、层粘连蛋白及AFP值对HBV相关HCC的诊断价值

目的 评估血清甲胎蛋白（alpha-fetoprotein,AFP）、肝脏弹性（也称为硬度）测量值（liver stiffness measurement,LSM）、层粘连蛋白（laminin,LN）检测在HBV相关性肝细胞性肝癌（hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC）诊断中价值。方法 采用回顾性研究方法,纳入2013年10月至2021年3月在延安大学附属医院及延安市第二人民医院就诊的HBV感染者,行上腹部增强MRI或增强CT等检查诊断为肝硬化和肝癌的患者。检查肝纤维化四项LSM及AFP值等指标。采用统计学方法分析两组各指标的差异,Logistic单因素及多因素分析筛选诊断HCC有价值的指标。结果 两组透明质酸（hualuronic acid,HA）、Ⅳ型胶原蛋白（collagen Ⅳ,CⅣ）、Ⅲ型前胶原（procollagen type Ⅲ,PCⅢ）、LN、AFP及LSM水平差异,均有统计学意义（P均<0.05）。多因素分析显示,AFP、LN、LSM是HCC的独立危险因素（P均<0.05）。并经ROC曲线分析发现均有诊断价值,AFP的ROC曲线下面积为...     

Current Evidence of Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) Ingestion on Vascular Health: A Food Science and Technology Perspective

The amino acid L-arginine is crucial for nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, an important molecule regulating vascular tone. Considering that vascular dysfunction precedes cardiovascular disease, supplementation with precursors of NO synthesis (e.g., L-arginine) is warranted. However, supplementation of L-citrulline is recommended instead of L-arginine since most L-arginine is catabolized during its course to the endothelium. Given that L-citrulline, found mainly in watermelon, can be converted to L-arginine, watermelon supplementation seems to be effective in increasing plasma L-arginine and improving vascular function. Nonetheless, there are divergent findings when investigating the effect of watermelon supplementation on vascular function, which may be explained by the L-citrulline dose in watermelon products. In some instances, offering a sufficient amount of L-citrulline can be impaired by the greater volume (>700 mL) of watermelon needed to reach a proper dose of L-citrulline. Thus, food technology can be applied to reduce the watermelon volume and make supplementation more convenient. Therefore, this narrative review aims to discuss the current evidence showing the effects of watermelon ingestion on vascular health parameters, exploring the critical relevance of food technology for acceptable L-citrulline content in these products. Watermelon-derived L-citrulline appears as a supplementation that can improve vascular function, including arterial stiffness and blood pressure. Applying food technologies to concentrate bioactive compounds in a reduced volume is warranted so that its ingestion can be more convenient, improving the adherence of those who want to ingest watermelon products daily.     

Influence of Altered Knee Angle on Electromyographic Activity of Hamstring Muscles Between Nordic Hamstring Exercise and Nordic Hamstring Exercise with Incline Slope Lower Leg Board

BackgroundPrevious studies have shown that performing the Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) with different board slope angles can affect hamstring activation. However, changes in muscle length with different board slopes can alter joint angles leading to the moment arm (MA) at the knee changing during the NHE.PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the influence of changing muscle length on hamstring electromyographic activity during an isometric NHE, while maintaining an equal moment arm.Study DesignA crossover study designMethodsSixteen male volunteers performed two types of conventional NHE, one with knees on the floor (NHE) and one with the legs placed upon an incline slope of a lower leg board (NHEB). To compare between the conventional and inclined NHE, the moment arm at the knee was calculated to be equal by an examiner holding the lower legs at points marked at 77% and 94% of the length of the lower leg. The four sub-groups comprised of: 1) NHE-77%, 2) NHE-94%, 3) NHEB-77%, and 4) NHEB-94%. The hamstring EMG activity was measured at the biceps femoris long head (BFlh) and at the semitendinosus (ST) and related compensatory muscles. The RMS data were normalized as a percentage of the maximum isometric values (normalized EMG [nEMG]). Significant main effects findings were followed up with Tukey’s post-hoc test using SPSS software and statistical significance was set at the p < 0.05 level.ResultsThe BFlh EMG activity values for NHE-77% were significantly higher than those for NHE-94% (p= 0.036) and NHEB-77% (p < 0.001), respectively, while ST during NHE-77% was significantly higher only in NHEB-77% (p < 0.001). In addition, NHEB-94% was significantly greater than NHEB-77% for both BFlh (p < 0.001) and ST (p < 0.001).ConclusionThese results indicate that hamstring electromyographic activity is decreased when the hamstring muscle is lengthened during the Nordic hamstring exercise.Level of Evidence3     

膝关节前交叉韧带前内侧束和后外侧束的MR成像研究

目的 提高对膝关节前交叉韧带前内侧束和后外侧束的影像认识,并探讨其3.0T MR的理想常规成像显示平面.方法 回顾性分析149例正常膝关节的3.0TMR图像,采用x2分割法分析前交叉韧带、前内侧束和后外侧束双束结构及双束上、中、下各段在MR矢状面、冠状面、横断面各成像平面显示率的差异.结果 前交叉韧带前内侧束和后外侧束双束结构显示率,横断面(115/149,77.2％)与冠状面(103/149,69.1％)比较,×2=2.4606,P＞0.0125;横断面、冠状面分别与矢状面(21/149,14.1％)比较,x2值分别为119.5138、92.8695,P值均＜0.0125.前内侧束和后外侧束双束上段显示率,横断面( 104/149,69.8％)与冠状面(7/149,4.7％)、矢状面(0/149,0)及冠状面与矢状面分别比较,x2值分别为135.0813、159.7526、7.1684,P值均＜0.0125.前内侧束和后外侧束双束中段显示率,横断面(108/149,72.5％)与冠状面(94/149,63.1％)比较,x2=3.0120,P＞0.0125;横断面、冠状面分别与矢状面( 10/149,6.7％)比较,x2值分别为134.7454、104.2173,P值均＜0.0125.前内侧束和后外侧束双束下段显示率,横断面(103/149,69.1％)与冠状面(110/149,73.8％)比较,x2=0.8065,P＞0.0125;横断面、冠状面分别与矢状面(18/149,12.1％)比较,x2值分别为100.5300、115.9132,P值均＜0.0125.前交叉韧带双束各段在MRI各序列上均呈低信号,形态、走行正常.结论 3.0TMR常规扫描平面能够在一定程度上显示前交叉韧带的双束结构,横断面和冠状面是较为理想的显像平面.     

Changes in Liver Congestion in Patients with Budd–Chiari Syndrome following Endovascular Interventions: Assessment with Transient Elastography

Purpose

Transient elastography (TE) is routinely used for noninvasive staging of hepatic fibrosis. The objective of the present study was to investigate the role of TE (FibroScan) in determining changes in liver congestion in patients with Budd–Chiari syndrome (BCS) treated by endovascular interventions and determine the effects of pretreatment Meta-analysis of Histological Data in Viral Hepatitis (METAVIR) fibrosis score on posttreatment liver stiffness (LS).

外伤性膝关节前外侧韧带损伤的MR影像特征及相关性分析

目的探讨外伤所致膝关节前外侧韧带损伤病人的MR影像特征,并分析其与前交叉韧带撕裂、外侧半月板撕裂及骨挫伤的相关性,为深入研究前外侧韧带对膝关节稳定性的作用提供可靠依据。方法回顾性分析2016年1月—2017年2月间因外伤进行膝关节MRI检查的320例病人(共321膝)的影像资料。采用美国GE公司生产的Signa HDe 1.5 T MR扫描设备,分别行膝关节斜矢状面T1WI、质子密度加权成像(PDWI)和冠状面、横断面PDWI扫描。根据前外侧韧带的完整性和损伤部位对所有病人进行分类统计。采用独立性卡方检验对前外侧韧带撕裂与前交叉韧带撕裂、外侧半月板撕裂及骨挫伤的相关性进行分析。结果全部病人膝关节MR影像均可显示前外侧韧带,显示率为100%。151/321膝(47.0%;95%CI为41.6%~52.5%)存在前外侧韧带损伤,其中累及胫骨部、股骨部及半月板部的分别为97膝、96膝及65膝。前交叉韧带撕裂158膝,外侧半月板撕裂98膝,股骨外侧髁挫伤58膝,外侧胫骨平台挫伤71膝,分别与前外侧韧带撕裂具有相关性(均P0.001)。结论 MRI检查可以很好地显示前外侧韧带解剖及其损伤情况。膝关节前外侧韧带损伤与前交叉韧带撕裂、外侧半月板撕裂及膝外侧骨挫伤具有相关性。     

Intra-articular lipoma with osteochondroid metaplasia in the knee joint

We describe a case of lipoma with osteochondroid metaplasia in the knee joint. Although the location of the lesion and radiographic findings were unusual, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were useful in characterizing adipose, cartilaginous and osseous tissue components within the lesion. Received: 12 October 2000 Revision requested: 3 November 2000 Revision received: 23 December 2000 Accepted: 28 December 2000     

非典型脂肪-血液界面征用于膝关节隐匿性骨折X线诊断价值

目的 探讨非典型脂肪-血液界面(FBI)征在膝关节隐匿性骨折X线诊断中的价值.方法回顾性分析99例膝关节外伤后X线检查阴性,经CT检查确诊膝关节隐匿性骨折和排除膝关节骨折患者的常规膝关节X线及CT资料.CT检查作为金标准,所有的检查均在3天内完成.结合CT描述积脂血症在X线侧位髌上囊的影像表现,作为非典型FBI征.统计隐匿性骨折和无骨折两组资料X线平片显示非典型FBI征的情况,并统计分析以X线侧位髌上囊非典型FBI征作为标准判定膝关节隐匿性骨折的准确度、灵敏度、特异度、阳性似然比、阴性似然比、阳性预测值、阴性预测值.结果 99例患者中,CT确诊隐匿性骨折57例,均存在不同程度的积脂血症,CT检查典型的FBI征见于13例(22.8％)隐匿性膝关节骨折病例,表现为液-液平面10例(17.5％),有时还可以出现三层3例(5.3％).或者仅表现为关节积血、积液44例(77.2％).其中51例于X线侧位髌上囊见密度增高,表现为卵圆形、长圆形、条样或斑片样等形态,可以作为FBI征的非典型表现.CT确诊膝关节隐匿性骨折者的X线非典型FBI征发生率为89.5％,明显高于CT排除膝关节骨折者的X线非典型FBI征发生率11.9％,(x2=56.106,P＜0.05).由X线侧位髌上囊密度增高,即不典型FBI征提示膝关节隐匿性骨折的准确度88.9％,灵敏度89.5％,特异度88.1％,阳性似然比7.52,阴性似然比0.12,阳性预测值91.1％,阴性预测值86.1％.结论 外伤后膝关节X线侧位髌上囊密度增高可以作为FBI征的非典型表现,对膝关节隐匿性骨折具有较高的提示作用,可作为诊断膝关节隐匿性骨折的间接征象.