Association between bacterial colonization on the tumor, bacterial translocation to the cervical lymph nodes and subsequent postoperative infection in patients with oral cancer

Objective: To investigate the association between postoperative infection, bacterial translocation to the cervical lymph nodes and bacterial colonization on the tumor in oral cancer patients.
Methods: Twenty-one oral mucosal cancer patients (11 male and 10 females: mean age 68.6 years) were studied. They underwent tumor surgery and neck dissection with free flap reconstruction. Ampicillin 1 g was parenterally administered from the start of the surgery as prophylaxis. Isolates from cervical lymph nodes, tumor and postoperative infected wound were studied microbiologically and pathologically.
Results: Bacterial translocation was found in 52 lymph nodes (52/107: 48.6%). Viable bacteria were isolated from 20 tumors (95.2%). Oral microflora and enteric bacteria were isolated. Postoperative infection was found in four cases. In three cases, enteric bacteria ( Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Enterococcus ) isolated from postoperative infections were also found in the tumor or the lymph nodes.
Conclusions: The operative field in oral cancer surgery was colonized by the indigenous flora and enteric bacteria. These were recovered not only from the tumor surface but also from the cervical lymph nodes. Preoperative surveillance culture or tumor culture have value in predicting the bacteriology of postoperative infection, and in selecting the appropriate antibiotic treatment.     

Potential source of human exposure to Mycobacterium bovis in Burkina Faso, in the context of the HIV epidemic

Objective: To identify potential sources of human Mycobacterium bovis infection in Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso.
Methods: A tuberculin survey among 174 cattle was performed. Mycobacteriologic identification in 64 samples of pooled milk, and in 199 tissue samples collected from the slaughterhouse of Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso, was also done. We retrospectively analyzed the distribution of tuberculosis (TB) cases on 1140 clinical records according to professional occupation and to ethnic group. The frequency of pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB was related to potential exposure and route of transmission of M. bovis from animals.
Results: Out of six herds (total 170 bovines), only one was free of any positive tuberculin test. Among 199 bovines which had been slaughtered over four consecutive nights, 38 (19%) had morphologic lesions suggestive of TB; 17 (45%) of those were positive for acid-fast bacilli by microscopic examination on one of their lesions, and 20 samples (53%) presented a positive culture for a pathogenic mycobacterium, including M. bovis and M. tuberculosis. In the retrospective analysis, Peuls more frequently had a pulmonary form of disease. This may be related to the route of transmission.
Conclusions: Attention has to be paid to human TB of bovine origin in Burkina Faso. The identification of M. tuberculosis in milk and in tissue samples raises the question of the transmission of TB from humans to cattle.     

乳腺病变1213例冷冻切片诊断分析

目的：评价冷冻切片诊断在乳腺变诊断中的准确的。方法：对本院1995年-1999年间1213例乳腺冷冻切片诊断病例进行回顾性分析。结果：在本院乳腺病变诊断中,冷冻切片诊断已广泛施行,占手术病例冷冻切片总数的52.9%;对1213例乳腺病变的冷冻切片与石蜡切片进行对比。冷冻切片确诊率为97.69%（其中完全符合率为95.47%,基本符合率为2.22%),仅28例冷冻切片未确诊（2.30%),仅1例冷冻切片误诊为假阴性（0.082%)。在1213例乳腺病变中,良恶性病变之比为5.25:1。本组统计结果与国内外同类资料相近,对影响乳腺病变冷冻切片诊断的因素,进行了分析讨论。结论：冷冻切片诊断是可靠的和可信的乳腺病变诊断手段之一。     

Review of Immunological and Immunopathological Findings in Schizophrenia

The involvement of immunological and immunopathological mechanisms in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia has been a matter of research, with recently increasing effort. This article reviews the findings focusing on postmortem neuropathology, the blood-brain barrier, antibodies, acute phase proteins, immunocompetent cells, and activation markers of immunocompetent cells. Evidence for the two primarily postulated hypotheses (the infectious hypothesis and the autoimmune hypothesis) is critically discussed. On the basis of the findings, perspectives for future research are outlined aiming at a precise and consequent strategy to elucidate a potential involvement of immune mechanisms in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia.     

上海市某社区2012年糖尿病肾病危险因素分析

目的分析2012年上海市某社区2型糖尿病患者糖尿病肾病的危险因素．为制定糖尿病肾病临床防治措施提供依据。方法对480例社区2型糖尿病患者进行现况调查。根据尿微量白蛋白／尿肌酐比值将研究对象分为糖尿病肾病组和糖尿病非肾病组,比较两组间各因素的差异,并运用因素Logistie回归分析各影响因素与尿微量白蛋白／尿肌酐比值的关系。结果本研究436例2型糖尿病患者中,糖尿病肾病患病率为41．97％;2型糖尿病发生糖尿病肾病的前4住危险因素依次为2型糖尿病病程、糖化血红蛋白、静脉血清餐后2小时血糖和血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇。结论糖尿病病程、高血糖和高血脂是导致2型糖尿病肾病发生的主要原因,因此,社区糖尿病管理必须超越以控制血糖为中心的治疗观念,强调全面综合治疗,防止糖尿病肾病的发生或延缓临床蛋白尿的发展。     

Automated Instrument Analysis of Cholinesterase Activity in Tissues From Carbamate-Treated Animals: A Cautionary Note

Summary: When using a spectrophotometric method to measure cholinesterase activity in carbamate-treated tissues, precautions must be taken to limit the reactivation of the inhibited cholinesterase. Many testing laboratories use automated instruments to measure cholinesterase activity, instruments that usually employ a spectrophotometric method. To date, there has been no systematic investigation of the validity of the cholinesterase data obtained from carbamate-treated tissues using these automated instruments. The purpose of this study was to compare the cholinesterase data obtained using an automated analyzer with those obtained using a radiometric assay (i.e., the optimal method for unstable inhibitors). Using both an automated analyzer and the radiometric method, cholinesterase activity was measured in whole blood and brain tissue taken from rats treated with various dosages of carbaryl. Reactivation occurred when using the automated instrument. In the brain tissue, cholinesterase activity of the treated tissues was as much as 16% higher with the automated method than with the radiometric method. In the whole blood, there was an 18-26% reactivation using the automated method. Further detailed analyses indicate that this reactivation is not due to the initial dilution required of the tissue sample for automated analysis. The results indicate that the length of the preincubation may be a major factor that encourages the reactivation of the cholinesterase activity; however, even when the preincubation period is minimized, reactivation still occurs.     

Quantity and Quality Relationships in Cardiovascular Medicine

Hospital volume and often also operator volume have documented impacts on the quality of care for aortic and aortocoronary bypass surgery, for percutaneous angioplasty and for radiofrequency ablation for arrhythmias, whereas data are less consistent for treatment of acute myocardial infarction. A review of this research is given. In the Nordic countries hospitals are small, and often the plateau of the learning curve cannot be reached. To discourage low-volume centers from embarking upon too complicated interventional or surgical procedures, the author suggests that a minimal number should be set for certain major procedures, both for hospitals and for physicians.     

GIP and Insulin Responses to a Test Meal in Healthy and Obese Subjects

Twenty-three obese and 17 control subjects were studied after ingestion of a heavy breakfast. Blood samples were drawn before and at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min after the start of the meal. The mean serum insulin level was significantly (p < 0.02) higher in the obese than in the control group throughout the study, whereas the mean blood glucose concentration was significantly (p < 0.02) higher in the obese group at 30, 60, and 90 min only. No significant differences between the two groups were noted in fasting or in postprandial plasma GIP, and it appears that hypersecretion of GIP is not responsible for the hyperinsulinemia seen in obesity.     

射血分数保留的心力衰竭合并慢性肾功能不全的研究进展

射血分数保留的心力衰竭(HFpEF)是发病率及死亡率均较高的一种常见疾病,慢性肾功能不全(CKD)是HFpEF患者常见的伴随疾病。HFpEF合并CKD的发病机制尚未完全阐明,HFpEF与CKD常相互影响、交互促进疾病的进展。与单纯HFpEF患者相比,合并CKD的HFpEF患者通常预后较差,且随着肾损伤程度的加重,其死亡风险增加。治疗心力衰竭的基石类药物并不能使HFpEF患者明显获益,然而建议将沙库巴曲缬沙坦等新型抗心力衰竭药物应用于合并轻中度CKD的HFpEF患者。     

糖尿病健康教育对糖尿病患者治疗依从性和生活质量的影响

摘要：目的：研究糖尿病健康教育对糖尿病患者的护理效果。方法：选择2021年1月至2022年2月期间收治300例糖尿病患者,通过随机分组,对照组患者（n=150）实施常规干预,观察组患者（n=150）在对照组基础上,实施糖尿病健康教育,比较两组患者餐后2h血糖以及空腹血糖;护理前后的ESCA评分、认知程度评分;护理满意度、治疗依从性;护理前后的生活质量评分。结果：观察组患者的各项护理指标均优于对照组患者（P＜0.05）。结论：糖尿病患者通过糖尿病健康教育,护理效果显著,值得推广。