Ketorolac after congenital heart surgery: does it increase the risk of significant bleeding complications?

BACKGROUND: The routine use of ketorolac after congenital heart surgery in infants and children is limited by concerns for postoperative bleeding complications. The object of this study was to determine if the use of ketorolac is associated with an increased risk of significant postoperative bleeding after congenital heart surgery in infants and children. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed. The exposure of interest was postoperative use of ketorolac after congenital heart surgery in infants and children. The outcome measured was postoperative bleeding requiring surgical exploration. The patients who received ketorolac were compared with an age- and diagnosis-matched comparison group who did not receive ketorolac. RESULTS: Records of 842 infants and children who underwent congenital heart surgery between July 2001 and October 2002 were reviewed. 94 (11.1%) patients were treated with ketorolac postoperatively. The comparison group consisted of 94 matched subjects selected from the patients that did not receive ketorolac. The mean age of patient in the ketorolac group was 8.5 (+/-6.1) years. No (0%) patients in the ketorolac group and four (4.2%) patients in the nonketorolac group developed postoperative bleeding requiring surgical exploration. The relative risk for postoperative bleeding that required surgical exploration in the ketorolac group compared with the nonketorolac group was 0.2 (95% CI 0.02-1.67). CONCLUSIONS: The use of ketorolac after congenital heart surgery in infants and children does not significantly increase the risk of bleeding complications requiring surgical exploration.     

Formulation and optimization of a sustained-release tablet of ketorolac tromethamine

The objective of our study was to formulate a sustained-release tablet of Ketorolac tromethamine, which is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. A 2 3 full factorial design (8 runs) was selected. The variables studied were the amount of drug (30 and 40 mg), ratio of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)/sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) (240/40 and 140/140 mg), and amount of ethylcellulose (140 and 180 mg). Swelling-controlled matrix tablets were manufactured by direct compression of formulation ingredients using a Stokes single punch tablet press. Dissolution tests were performed using USP apparatus 3 (Bio-Dis II), at various pHs to mimic the conditions that exist in the gastrointestinal tract. Responses studied included time for 50% of the drug to dissolve ( T 50 ), diffusional exponent ( n ) that characterizes the release mechanism, and percent friability of the tablets. Analysis of variance indicated that the release rate ( T 50 ) was affected by the HPMC/NaCMC ratio, amount of drug, and two-way and three-way interactions; whereas the amount of drug, HPMC/NaCMC ratio, ethylcellulose, and the interaction between drug and HPMC/NaCMC and HPMC/NaCMC and ethylcellulose and also three-way interactions were significantly affecting the diffusional exponent ( n ). The release mechanism was found to be super-case II transport. The friability of the tablets was significantly affected by all three factors: amount of drug, HPMC/NaCMC ratio, and amount of ethylcellulose. The formulation giving the best release characteristics was identified.     

卡前列素氨丁三醇预防前置胎盘产后出血的临床效果

目的:研究卡前列素氨丁三醇(欣母沛)预防前置胎盘产后出血的临床效果。方法:选取168例2017年5月~2019年5月某院收治的前置胎盘产妇,按照用药的不同分为实验组和对照组,各84例。对照组产妇使用缩宫素注射治疗,实验组产妇使用缩宫素联合卡前列素氨丁三醇(欣母沛)注射治疗,比较两组术中与术后出血情况、胎盘剥离方式和时间以及不良反应发生情况。结果:与对照组相比,实验组产后出血率较低且术中与术后的出血量明显减少;实验组胎盘剥离方式及时间优于对照组,且不良反应发生率较低(P<0.05)。结论:前置胎盘行剖宫产术中使用缩宫素联合卡前列素氨丁三醇,可以显著降低剖宫产术中及术后出血量,且安全性较高,值得推广应用。     

肝胆胰腺恶性肿瘤患者胆汁细菌培养病原菌分布及耐药性分析

目的 探讨凝血酶联合卡前列素氨丁三醇注射液对宫缩乏力性产后出血患者的止血效果及凝血因子的影响。方法选取2015年1月—2019年12月武安市第一人民医院宫缩乏力性产后出血患者130例作为研究对象,根据治疗方案不同分为对照组（n=62）和观察组（n=68）。对照组自然分娩患者经臀部注射卡前列素氨丁三醇注射液250 μg;剖宫产患者经宫体注射卡前列素氨丁三醇注射液250 μg。若未达止血目的,于15、30 min后再次给药,但总剂量<2 mg。观察组在对照组基础上增加凝血酶冻干粉宫腔灌注治疗,取2 000单位凝血酶＋20 mL生理盐水,缓慢注进宫腔,再将5 mL生理盐水注入导管中拔出导管,无菌纱布堵塞宫颈口。侧卧,抬高臀部,4 h后取出宫颈纱布。观察两组的止血效果,比较患者治疗前、治疗后30 min、1 d的凝血因子［凝血因子Ⅶ（F Ⅶ）、F Ⅷ、F Ⅸ］水平、创面闭合能力［内皮生长因子（VEGF）、内皮生长因子受体-1（VEGFR-1）、内皮生长因子受体-2（VEGFR-2）］、并发症发生率、生理功能恢复情况。结果 治疗后,观察组子宫持续收缩时间长于对照组,止血时间、住院时间短于对照组,阴道出血量（产后2 h、产后24 h）、转手术率低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后30 min、1 d血浆F Ⅶ、F Ⅷ、F Ⅸ水平均显著升高（P<0.05）,且观察组F Ⅶ、F Ⅷ、F Ⅸ水平显著高于同期对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后30 min、治疗后1 d血清VEGF、VEGFR-1、VEGFR-2水平均显著升高（P<0.05）,且观察组血清VEGF、VEGFR-1、VEGFR-2水平显著高于同期对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后,观察组并发症发生率为7.35%,显著低于对照组的20.97%（P<0.05）。治疗后,观察组恶露时间、复潮时间、月经周期均短于对照组,第1次月经量少于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 凝血酶联合卡前列素氨丁三醇注射液可提高宫缩乏力性产后出血患者止血效果,改善凝血因子水平及创面闭合能力,减少并发症的发生,促进生理机能恢复。     

酮咯酸氨丁三醇对舒芬太尼用于老年病人术后镇痛的节俭作用

目的 评价酮咯酸氨丁三醇对舒芬太尼用于老年妇科手术病人术后镇痛效果的影响.方法 择期妇科开腹手术病人60例,ASA分级Ⅱ或Ⅲ级,年龄≥65岁,体重指数18～24 kg/m2,采用随机数字表法,将病人随机分为2组(n=30):舒芬太尼组(S组)和酮咯酸氨丁三醇混合舒芬太尼组(T组).采用静吸复合全身麻醉下,术后采用静脉病人自控镇痛,T组镇痛药为酮咯酸氨丁三醇和舒芬太尼,负荷剂量酮咯酸氨丁三醇30 mg(手术结束前15 min时静脉注射),酮咯酸氨丁三醇180 mg混合舒芬太尼100μg稀释至100 ml,背景输注速率1.5 ml/h,PCA剂量1.6 ml,锁定时间20 min;S组镇痛药物为舒芬太尼,负荷剂量5μg(手术结束前15 min时静脉注射),舒芬太尼100μg稀释至100 ml,背景输注速率1.5 ml/h,PCA剂量1.6 ml,锁定时间20 min.术后48 h内维持临床有效镇痛(静态和动态VAS评分在3分以下),记录术后48 h舒芬太尼用量和不良反应的发生情况.结果 与S组比较,T组术后48 h舒芬太尼用量减少,不良反应发生率降低(P＜0.05).结论 酮咯酸氨丁三醇可减少舒芬太尼用于老年妇科手术病人术后镇痛的用量,产生显著的节俭作用,提高镇痛的安全性.     

酮咯酸氨丁三醇穴位注射治疗肾绞痛的疗效观察

目的：观察酮咯酸氨丁三醇穴位注射治疗肾绞痛的疗效。方法将176例肾绞痛患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组88例,均使用酮咯酸氨丁三醇30 mg,对照组采用肌肉注射,治疗组采用穴位注射（双侧三阴交和肾腧穴）,对比2组疗效（包括总有效率、止痛起效时间、疼痛完全缓解时间）。结果治疗组疗效优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论将酮咯酸氨丁三醇用药途径由肌肉注射改为穴位注射后,可显著提高疗效,值得临床推广。     

导尿管球囊压迫加卡前列素氨丁三醇在中央型前置胎盘剖宫产术中的应用

目的探讨导尿管球囊压迫加卡前列素氨丁三醇对中央型前置胎盘剖宫产术中大出血的治疗效果。方法对22例使用导尿管球囊压迫加卡前列素氨丁三醇治疗的中央型前置胎盘剖宫产术中大出血患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果22例患者中,17例出血量〈2000ml,均获成功,24h后球囊经阴道顺利取出,无一例感染或晚期产后出血发生;3例因胎盘完全植入,出血量2000—3000ml而行子宫动脉结扎术;1例因术后持续阴道流血行子宫动脉栓塞术;1例出血量达4000ml,发生弥散性血管内凝血行子宫切除。无死亡发生。22例患者术后常规使用广谱抗生素3～7d,均未发现切口感染、盆腔感染或晚期产后出血。结论导尿管球囊压迫加卡前列素氨丁三醇是治疗中央型前置胎盘术中大出血的有效方法。     

The use of ketorolac tromethamine oral rinse for the treatment of periodontitis in adults

Periodontitis is a chronic infectious and inflammatory disease which afflicts approximately three quarters of the world’s adult population over the age of thirty-five. Recently published studies have demonstrated that long-term administration (>-6 months) of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can halt the progressive loss of alveolar bone associated with this disease. The safe and efficacious twice daily use for six months of 0.1% ketorolac tromethamine oral rinse for the prevention of periodontal disease progression in adults has recently been demonstrated. This presentation summarizes our results to date regarding the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety and efficacy of the topical oral rinse form of this potent NSAID in patients with periodontitis.