Mice with a conditional deletion of Talpid3 (KIAA0586) – a model for Joubert syndrome

Joubert syndrome (JS) is a ciliopathy associated with mutations in numerous genes encoding cilia components. TALPID3 encoded by KIAA0856 in man (2700049A03Rik in mouse) is a centrosomal protein essential for the assembly of primary cilia. Mutations in KIAA0856 have been recently identified in JS patients. Herein, we describe a novel mouse JS model with a conditional deletion of the conserved exons 11–12 of Talpid3 in the central nervous system which recapitulates the complete cerebellar phenotype seen in JS. Talpid3 mutant mice exhibit key hallmarks of JS including progressive ataxia, severely hypoplastic cerebellar hemispheres and vermis, together with abnormal decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncles. The Purkinje cell layer is disorganised with abnormal dendritic arborisation. The external granule layer (EGL) is thinner, lacks primary cilia, and has a reduced level of proliferation. Furthermore, we describe novel cellular defects including ectopic clusters of mature granule neurons, and abnormal parallel fibre-derived synapses and disorientation of cells in the EGL. The defective glial scaffold results in abnormal granule cell migration which manifests as ectopic clusters of granule neurons. In addition, we show a reduction in Wnt7a expression suggesting that defects may arise not only from deficiencies in the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway but also due to the additional roles of Talpid3. The Talpid3 conditional knockout mouse is a novel JS model which fully recapitulates the JS cerebellar phenotype. These findings reveal a role for Talpid3 in granule precursor cell migration in the cerebellum (either direct or indirect) which together with defective Hh signalling underlies the JS phenotype. Our findings also illustrate the utility of creating conditional mouse models to assist in unravelling the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying JS. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.     

心脏发育候选致病基因KIAA0196斑马鱼品系的建立及初步机制研究

目的：探究KIAA0196基因对心脏发育的影响及斑马鱼品系的建立。方法：提取先天性心脏病患者外周 血和gDNA,采用拷贝数变异和靶向序列分析筛选出候选致病基因。用CRISPR/Cas9技术建立KIAA0196基因敲除斑 马鱼品系。对野生型和突变型斑马鱼进行解剖和组织学染色,观察心脏形态、大小及环化方向等表型。结果：通过 CRISPR/Cas9技术成功构建了斑马鱼KIAA0196基因敲除品系。受精后60 h,突变个体(杂合子+纯合子)显微镜检查显 示心包积液、心脏受压和尾部严重卷曲。突变型斑马鱼与野生型相比,心脏存在心房缩小,心室增大,心肌细胞更 加松散等缺陷。结论：KIAA0196基因在心脏发育过程中起重要的调控作用,该基因可能为先天性心脏病的致病候选 基因。     

A haplotype spanning KIAA0319 and TTRAP is associated with normal variation in reading and spelling ability.

BACKGROUND: KIAA0319 (6p22.2) has recently been implicated as a susceptibility gene for dyslexia. We aimed to find further support for this gene by examining its association with reading and spelling ability in adolescent twins and their siblings unselected for dyslexia. METHODS: Ten single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in or near the KIAA0319 gene were typed in 440 families with up to five offspring who had been tested on reading and spelling tasks. Family-based association analyses were performed, including a univariate analysis of the principal component reading and spelling score derived from the Components of Reading Examination (CORE) test battery and a bivariate analysis of whole-word reading tests measured in a slightly larger sample. RESULTS: Significant association with rs2143340 (TTRAP) and rs6935076 (KIAA0319) and with a three-SNP haplotype spanning KIAA0319 and TTRAP was observed. The association with rs2143340 was found in both analyses, although the effect was in the opposite direction to that previously reported. The effect of rs6935076 on the principal component was in the same direction as past findings. Two of the three significant individual haplotypes showed effects in the opposite direction to the two prior reports. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a multilocus effect in or near KIAA0319 may influence variation in reading ability.     

食管癌中KIAA1522基因的转录本及蛋白表达分析

目的：检测食管鳞癌组织及细胞系中KIAA1522基因不同转录本的表达及丰度,确定其蛋白的表观分子量,为进一步研究KIAA1522在食管癌中的表达改变及功能提供实验依据。方法：使用反转录PCR（RT-PCR）及实时荧光定量PCR（qPCR）检测食管癌组织及细胞系中KIAA1522基因4个不同转录本的表达及丰度;以特异性siRNA敲降食管癌细胞中KIAA1522的表达,并在模式细胞中过表达KIAA1522,通过Western blot检测确定KIAA1522的表观分子量,并通过质谱分析验证KIAA1522条带的序列组成。结果：KIAA1522的转录本T1和T4在食管鳞癌组织及多个细胞系中均有表达,其中T1的表达丰度相对最高。Western blot检测中观察到的分子量为170 kDa的条带为KIAA1522基因特异性的蛋白表达产物,同时质谱分析结果也证实该条带为KIAA1522多肽。结论：T1为食管鳞癌组织及细胞系中KIAA1522基因的优势转录本,KIAA1522蛋白的表观分子量为170 kDa。     

Specific association of a CLEC16A/KIAA0350 polymorphism with NOD2/CARD15? Crohn's disease patients

Independent genome-wide association studies highlighted the function of CLEC16A/KIAA0350 polymorphisms modifying the risk to either multiple sclerosis (rs6498169) or type 1 diabetes (rs2903692). This C-type lectin gene maps to a linkage disequilibrium block at 16p13 and a functional role of this gene could be envisaged for other immune-related conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The present study, aimed at investigating the association of those two polymorphisms with IBD, included 720 IBD patients and 550 ethnically matched healthy controls. The effect of rs2903692 previously described in diabetes was observed specifically for Crohn''s disease (CD) patients lacking the main susceptibility factor described to date, that is, three polymorphisms within another pattern recognition gene, NOD2/CARD15 (NOD2⁻ vs NOD2⁺ CD patients, G vs A: P=0.008; OR (95% CI)=1.54 (1.10–2.15); NOD2⁻ CD patients vs controls: P=0.008; OR (95% CI)=1.37 (1.08–1.73)). Replication of these findings was performed in independent Spanish cohorts of 544 IBD patients and 340 controls and the combined data yielded significant differences (405 NOD2⁻ vs 204 NOD2⁺ CD patients, G vs A: P=0.0012; OR_M-H (95% CI)=1.49 (1.17–1.90); NOD2⁻ CD patients vs controls: P=0.0007; OR_M-H (95% CI)=1.35 (1.13–1.60)). The pooled analysis of the ulcerative colitis patients vs controls also yielded a significant risk (P=0.0005; OR (95% CI)=1.52 (1.19–1.93)). These data would suggest that microbial recognition through different pathways seems to converge in the development of these polygenic bowel diseases.     

人KIAA1173基因的克隆、转染及生物学特性的实验研究

目的 建立表达KIAA1173基因的鼻咽癌6-10B细胞模型,并观察转染细胞的生物学活性。方法 从新鲜肌肉组织中提取总RNA,采取逆转录PCR得到人KIAA1173基因cDNA。获得的人KIAA1173基因克隆到真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+),进行酶切和序列鉴定。将重组质粒pcDNA3.1(+)-KIAA1173和空载体利用阳离子脂质体介导转入鼻咽癌6-10B细胞,经G418筛选阳性克隆。用RT-PCR、原位杂交及免疫细胞化学等方法检测KIAA1173基因在6-10B细胞中的稳定表达情况,并通过MTT法、肿瘤细胞侵袭实验及裸鼠体内成瘤性实验方法,检测KIAA1173基因对鼻咽癌细胞的增殖、侵袭及成瘤能力的影响。以空白质粒转染组作为对照。结果 在mRNA和蛋白水平证实,转染细胞内有KIAA1173基因的高表达,表明细胞可表达人KIAA1173基因。6-10B在转染了pcDNA3.1(+)-KIAA1173后,较转染空载体pcDNA3.1(+),肿瘤细胞的增殖能力、侵袭能力及裸鼠体内成瘤能力明显降低(P<0.05)。结论 结果提示KIAA1173基因可能是一鼻咽癌肿瘤抑制基因。获得生物学活性稳定的KIAA1173基因高表达的鼻咽癌细胞模型,为进一步研究奠定了基础。     

筛选KIAA1456抑制卵巢癌细胞增殖的靶向lncRNAs

目的筛选KIAA1456抑制卵巢癌细胞增殖的靶向lncRNAs。方法细胞免疫荧光检测KIAA1456在卵巢癌细胞HO8910PM中的表达。用基因芯片技术检测过表达KIAA1456后的卵巢癌细胞HO8910PM,与对照HO8910PM卵巢癌细胞之间差异lncRNA基因表达谱,筛选出有明显差异的lncRNAs,并验证。构建KIAA1456-RNAi慢病毒载体,干扰卵巢癌细胞HO8910/PM中KIAA1456的表达,RT-q PCR和Western blot检测KIAA1456干扰效率。用RT-q PCR再次检测KIAA1456沉默后相关lncRNAs的表达变化。结果KIAA1456主要表达于HO8910PM细胞的细胞核。过表达KIAA1456后,表达相差1.2倍以上的lncRNA有654条,表现最显著的有下调的SSX8,上调的SNORD14D,SNORA26,lncRNA-ENST00000384488,PCR验证结果与芯片趋势一致。KIAA1456-RNAi慢病毒载体成功干扰了卵巢癌细胞HO8910PM中KIAA1456的表达,KIAA1456下调后,SSX8上调,SNORD14D,SNORA26,lncRNA-ENST00000384488下调。结论 KIAA1456可通过调节SSX8,SNORD14D,SNORA26,lncRNA-ENST00000384488等相关lncRNAs的表达,从而抑制卵巢癌细胞的增殖,为提高卵巢癌的诊断和治疗提供了一个新的靶点。     

KIAA0586 is Mutated in Joubert Syndrome

Joubert syndrome (JS) is a recessive neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a distinctive mid‐hindbrain malformation. JS is part of a group of disorders called ciliopathies based on their overlapping phenotypes and common underlying pathophysiology linked to primary cilium dysfunction. Biallelic mutations in one of 28 genes, all encoding proteins localizing to the primary cilium or basal body, can cause JS. Despite this large number of genes, the genetic cause can currently be determined in about 62% of individuals with JS. To identify novel JS genes, we performed whole exome sequencing on 35 individuals with JS and found biallelic rare deleterious variants (RDVs) in KIAA0586, encoding a centrosomal protein required for ciliogenesis, in one individual. Targeted next‐generation sequencing in a large JS cohort identified biallelic RDVs in eight additional families for an estimated prevalence of 2.5% (9/366 JS families). All affected individuals displayed JS phenotypes toward the mild end of the spectrum.