接枝环氧树脂水分散液的合成、分离与表征

控制不同的反应条件,采用甲基丙烯酸、苯乙烯与环氧树脂在丙二醇丁醚/正丁醇溶剂中接枝共聚,合成了粒径在87～104nm范围的环氧树脂水分散液。通过环己烷/乙醇和丙酮两步萃取,对接枝共聚产物进行分离,用FTIR表征,并估算了接枝共聚物的组成。实验结果表明,所制备的粒径为纳米级的环氧树脂水分散液,具有良好的机械稳定性、冻融稳定性及贮存稳定性。ξ电位测定表明,产物在pH>8的条件下更为稳定。     

近年火车创伤中关节损伤变化的特点

目的 探讨与分析快速列车所致火车创伤中关节损伤的变化特点。方法 集1997～2000年火车提速后10214例火车创伤中1279例关节损伤病例，分析在特定条件下的致伤因素、损伤严重程度、损伤类型特点，经AIS-ISS评分证实与预后的关系。结果 提速后关节损伤发生率由提速前33.54％上升到34.12％，死亡率由28.88％上升到30.33％，多关节离断伤由19.84％上升到34.13％，开放性关节损伤由31.71％上升到63.65％，关节离断伤的死亡率由21.19％上升到49.07％。结论 火车创伤无疑是十分严重的损伤，多发伤率远高于其他损伤，治疗棘手，多器官功能不全综合征(MODS)是致死的主要因素。     

An animal model of chronic inflammatory pain: pharmacological and temporal differentiation from acute models.

Clinically, inflammatory pain is far more persistent than that typically modelled pre-clinically, with the majority of animal models focussing on short-term effects of the inflammatory pain response. The large attrition rate of compounds in the clinic which show pre-clinical efficacy suggests the need for novel models of, or approaches to, chronic inflammatory pain if novel mechanisms are to make it to the market. A model in which a more chronic inflammatory hypersensitivity phenotype is profiled may allow for a more clinically predictive tool. The aims of these studies were to characterise and validate a chronic model of inflammatory pain. We have shown that injection of a large volume of adjuvant to the intra-articular space of the rat knee results in a prolonged inflammatory pain response, compared to the response in an acute adjuvant model. Additionally, this model also results in a hypersensitive state in the presence and absence of inflammation. A range of clinically effective analgesics demonstrate activity in this chronic model, including morphine (3mg/kg, t.i.d.), dexamethasone (1mg/kg, b.i.d.), ibuprofen (30mg/kg, t.i.d.), etoricoxib (5mg/kg, b.i.d.) and rofecoxib (0.3-10mg/kg, b.i.d.). A further aim was to exemplify the utility of this chronic model over the more acute intra-plantar adjuvant model using two novel therapeutic approaches; NR2B selective NMDA receptor antagonism and iNOS inhibition. Our data shows that different effects were observed with these therapies when comparing the acute model with the model of chronic inflammatory joint pain. These data suggest that the chronic model may be more relevant to identifying mechanisms for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pain states in the clinic.     

A clinical procedure to predict the value of temporary occlusion therapy in keratoconjunctivitis sicca

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of dissolvable collagen punctal plugs on the symptoms, tear stability and volume in aqueous deficient dry eyes. METHODS: Sixty-two aqueous deficient dry eye patients of mixed aetiology underwent lacrimal punctal occlusion with dissolvable collagen plugs. The subjects were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups: group I (n = 36) had their lower puncta occluded and group II (n = 26) had both their upper and lower puncta occluded. The effectiveness of this treatment was clinically assessed by (1). scoring subject symptoms and (2). measuring the tear parameters of tear thinning time (TTT) and tear meniscus height (TMH) as indicators of tear stability and volume, respectively. Following baseline measurements, patients were reviewed at time intervals of 5 and 12 days post-occlusion. A group of age- and gender-matched normals (n = 45) was recruited for comparison (group III). RESULTS: Tear volume and stability were significantly higher in group III compared with I and II at baseline. In the treated groups on both days 5 and 12: (1). symptom score reduced significantly from a median value of 7 to 3 (p = <0.001); (2). tear stability increased significantly from a median value of 3 to 5 s by day 5 (p 相似文献   

手部关节损伤的治疗

目的 通过对手部关节损伤治疗方法的对比和随访观察，总结出各种方法的优缺点，并指出相对较好的治疗方法。方法 1980～2002年对手部关节损伤进行各种手术治疗，通过观察病人术后关节的活动度、肿胀、疼痛、畸形及捏力的改善等项目，评价哪种方法相对更好。结果 通过对各种数据的测量比较，特别是关节活动度的改善情况，认为人工关节置换是所有治疗方法中相对最好的。结论 尽管人工关节置换也有不少缺点，但随着新材料的不断应用和设计的不断改进，其治疗效果将越来越好。     

吸附澄清法在中药水提液澄清中的应用研究

采用吸附澄清法使中药水提液澄清,从工艺稳定性,成分分析,药效学实验及效益分析四方面分析了两种工艺,吸附澄清法同水提醇沉法相比,能更有效地保留中药总固体物含量及有效成分,提高制剂成品的内在质量;成品稳定性好;成本低;生产周期短;劳动强度低,可望产生良好的社会经济效益。     

线性变温法研究硫酸链霉素粉针剂的稳定性

用线性变温法对硫酸链霉素粉针的稳定性进行了测定,得出25℃时的降解反应速度常数 k_(25)为1.744×10~(-6)h~(-1)、化学反应的表观活化能为107.9kJ/mol,25℃时贮存的 t_(0.9)为6.9年。     

时滞系统鲁棒稳定性的新判据

基于Ｌｙａｐｎｕｏｖ泛函方法，研究了满足匹配条件的不确定性时滞系统的鲁棒稳定性及具有稳定度β〉０鲁棒稳定性，给出了已有结果不能推出的新判据。这些新判据对已有结果难以使用的情况下也可有是有效的，或有时减少了已有结果的保守性。     

On the form of the internal model for reaching

We investigated, by using simulations, possible mechanisms responsible for the errors in the direction of arm movements exhibited by deafferented patients. Two aspects of altered feedforward control were evaluated: the inability to sense initial conditions and the degradation of an internal model. A simulation which assumed no compensation for variations in initial arm configuration failed to reproduce the characteristic pattern of errors. In contrast, a simulation that assumed random variability in the generation of joint torque resulted in a distribution of handpaths which resembled some aspects of the pattern of errors exhibited by deafferented patients.