Cystoid macular edema in anterior chamber lens implantation following posterior capsule rupture

By comparing the incidence of cystoid macular edema (CME) in three groups of patients having different surgical procedures, we attempted to assess the role of vitreous loss as a risk factor for CME development. In the first group (n = 470), the surgical procedure was extracapsular cataract extraction followed by implantation of posterior chamber lens (EC-CE + PC-IOL). The second group (n = 42) had extracapsular cataract extraction which was complicated by posterior capsule rupture, and therefore anterior vitrectomy followed by implantation of anterior chamber lens had to be performed (ECCE + anterior vitrectomy + AC-IOL). In the third group (n = 22) the surgery was intracapsular cataract extraction followed by anterior chamber lens implantation (ICCE + AC-IOL). The third group was included in this follow up study to assess the role of AC-IOL as a possible causative factor for development of CME in uncomplicated cases of ICCE and AC-IOL. The difference of incidences of CME in the second and third group would therefore depend mostly on the vitreous loss. The incidence of CME diagnosed by fluorescein angiography in the first, second and third group was 1.5% (7/470), 35.7% (15/42) and 9.0% (2/22), respectively. All patients who developed CME were treated with combination of corticosteroid-antibiotic drops, dexamethasone retrobulbarly (40 mg/day) and peroral indomethacine (25 mg/day/6 weeks). This therapeutic regime resulted in only moderate improvement of visual acuity.Abbreviations AC-IOL anterior chamber intraocular lens - CME cystoid macular edema - ECCE extracapsular cataract extraction - ICCE intracapsular cataract extraction - IOL intraocular lens - PC-IOL posterior chamber intraocular lens     

The role of PGE2 in the sensitization of mechanoreceptors in normal and inflamed ankle joints of the rat

Summary The role of PGE₂ in the sensitization of highthreshold tarsal joint mechanoreceptors (putative nociceptors) has been investigated in 11 arthritic and 16 normal rats. Injections of a low dose of Freund's complete adjuvant at multiple sites into the tissues surrounding the ankle joint induced a chronic unilateral monoarthritis in the injected limb. Measurements of both spontaneous activity and responses of tarsal joint mechanoreceptors to repeated graded mechanical stimuli were made. All of the mechanoreceptors examined had afferent fibres with conduction velocities in the C or A- range. Using this new model of joint inflammation we have shown that lysine acetylsalicylate reduces the mechanical sensitivity of these joint mechanoreceptors and reduces the spontaneous activity in afferent nerve fibres. Prostaglandin E₂ is unable to restore either the spontaneous activity in the afferent axon or the mechanical sensitivity of tarsal joint mechanoreceptors after lysine acetylsalicylate in the arthritic rat. Similarly, PGE₂ does not sensitize or excite tarsal joint mechanoreceptors in the normal rat. In the normal rat, however, PGE₂ potentiates the excitatory action of bradykinin and enhances the sensitizing effect of bradykinin on the responses of joint mechanoreceptors to mechanical stimulation when both substances are injected simultaneously. These results indicate that PGE₂ is not important in the sensitization of these joint mechanoreceptors in this model of chronic joint inflammation but that in other circumstances PGE₂ may be able to contribute to a sensitization of joint mechanoreceptors by enhancing the action of bradykinin.     

多西环素肠溶微粒胶囊与片剂的人体生物等效性

目的 :研究多西环素肠溶微粒胶囊和多西环素片的人体生物等效性与药动学。方法 :2 0名男性健康志愿者随机分 2组 ,按双周期交叉口服单剂量 2 0 0mg多西环素的 2种制剂 ,分别于服药前及服药后 0 5 ,1,1 5 ,2 ,2 5 ,3,4,6 ,8,12 ,2 4,48,72h取血样 ,以HPLC法测定血浆中多西环素浓度 ,计算 2种制剂相对生物利用度参数 ,并评价其生物等效性。结果 :口服受试制剂多西环素肠溶微粒胶囊和参比制剂多西环素片的药动学参数 :cmax分别为 (3 6 5± 0 81) μg·mL-1和 (3 6 5± 0 73) μg·mL-1,tmax分别为 (2 5± 0 3)h和 (2 2± 0 7)h ,T1/ 2 (消除半衰期 )分别为 (2 1 4 8± 3 2 0 )h和 (2 1 85± 3 11)h ,AUC0→ 72 分别为 (72 18±2 2 6 8) μg·h·mL-1和 (72 0 6± 2 1 0 8) μg·h·mL-1,AUC0→∞ 分别为 (81 4 4± 2 4 94) μg·h·mL-1和 (81 82± 2 3 19) μg·h·mL-1,多西环素肠溶微粒胶囊相对生物利用度为 (10 1 9± 2 5 2 ) %,对参数cmax,AUC0→ 72 先进行方差分析 ,再进行双单侧t检验 ,表明 2种制剂的参数生物等效 ,tmax经非参数检验表明无统计学差异。结论 :多西环素肠溶微胶囊和多西环素片具有生物等效性。     

整肠生治疗胃癌根治术后腹泻的临床观察

目的：从微生态角度现察胃癌根治术后腹泻临床治疗。方法：治疗组：27例胃癌根治术后腹泻患者用整肠生胶囊，2粒／次、3次／日口服。对照组：27例胃癌根治术后腹泻患者用吡哌酸0．58／次，3次／日口服。治疗前后观察粪便球杆菌比变化。结果：治疗组总有效率93％，以及恢复正常菌群高于对照组，有显著差异。结论：整肠生有效治疗胃癌根治术后腹泻。     

强胰降糖胶囊对四氧嘧啶小鼠和家兔血糖的影响

研究纯中药制剂强胰降糖胶囊治疗糖尿病的药理作用，结果表明，强胰降糖胶囊能降低四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠，家兔的血糖，降低四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠的24h饮水量、进食量，对体重无影响。     

利生康胶囊对免疫功能的影响

目的 研究利生康胶囊在发挥抗癌作用的同时对机体免疫功能的影响。方法 采用免疫器官质量法、碳粒廓清法、血清溶血素生成法和T_4,T_8,NK活性测定法,对给予利生康胶囊的肿瘤模型小鼠和对照组小鼠的免疫功能进行测定,并对结果进行分析。结果 利生康胶囊能提高小鼠脾指数、胸腺指数和碳粒廓清速率,能提高其血清溶血素(HC_(50))水平和活性,明显降低T_8活性。结论 利生康胶囊在发挥抗癌作用的同时,能提高机体的免疫功能。     

益骨胶囊对成骨细胞增殖影响的时效及量效关系研究

目的 :运用中药血清药理学方法 ,观察益骨胶囊含药血清对新生大鼠颅骨成骨细胞 (OB)体外增殖的影响 ,并探讨用于OB药效观察的益骨胶囊含药血清制备条件。方法 :雌性 12月龄SD大鼠 80只 ,随机分为生理盐水组、益骨胶囊低剂量 (11 6g/kg)、中剂量 (34 8g/kg)、高剂量 (10 4 4g/kg)组 ,每日灌胃一次 ,连续 12天 ,分别在灌胃后的 0 5h、1h、1 5h、2h采血 ,分离血清 ,用含不同浓度益骨胶囊的血清培养SD新生大鼠颅骨OB ,MTT法检测细胞增殖情况。结果 :末次灌胃后 1 5h采血组的吸收度 (A)值明显高于各组其它时间 (P <0 0 5 ) ;不同剂量各浓度的益骨胶囊含药血清对体外培养的OB增殖均有显著的促进作用 ,其中以高剂量组的稀释比为 2 5 %的血清浓度最佳。结论 :益骨胶囊含药血清对OB增殖具有明显的促进作用 ;益骨胶囊用于OB药效观察的大鼠含药血清制备条件以人等效剂量 9倍连续 12天灌胃、末次灌胃后 1 5h采血 ,血清添加浓度以 2 5 %为宜。     

骨疏灵胶囊的质量标准研究

目的：研究骨疏灵胶囊的质量控制标准。方法：采用薄层色谱法对制剂中的补骨脂、女贞子进行定性鉴别；并利用高效液相色谱法对制剂中的淫羊藿苷进行定量分析，以CH3CN-H2O(30：70)为流动相，流速1．0mL／min，色谱柱为C18柱，检测波长为270nm。结果：补骨脂与女贞子的薄层色谱鉴别专属性强，阴性对照无干扰；淫羊藿苷在0.0968～0.4840μgg范围内线性关系良好(r=0．9999)，平均回收率为97．27％(RSD=1．88％，n=5)。结论：该方法可为骨疏灵胶囊的质量评价提供科学依据。     

肾舒胶囊配合激素治疗重度肾性蛋白尿疗效观察

目的:观察肾舒胶囊配合激素等西药治疗重度肾性蛋白尿的效果。方法:32例重度肾性蛋白尿患者在常规激素治疗基础上加服肾舒胶囊,同期与单用常规激素治疗的30例进行对比观察3个月。结果:肾舒组总有效率90.6％,1年复发率9.1％,不良反应发生率26.6％;对照组总有效率73.3％,1年复发率40.0％,不良反应发生率56.7％。两组比较,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:肾舒胶囊与激素等配合治疗重度肾性蛋白尿具有增强疗效、减少复发及减轻激素不良反应的作用。     

国外口服软胶囊剂的研究

从内容物和胶壳两个方面综述国外口服软胶囊剂的研究进展。口服软胶囊剂与其他传统剂型如片剂、硬胶囊剂、颗粒剂以及溶液剂等相比，具有生物利用度高、药物稳定性良好、含量准确等优点。