人工晶体植入术中晶体后囊破裂的原因分析及处理

分析白内障摘除并后房型人工晶体植入术中发生晶体后囊破裂的原因和讨论处理方法。分析５５例（５５眼）白内障摘除并后房型人工晶体植入术中发生晶体后囊破裂的原因，裂口形态，大小及部位。根据具体情况采用不同处理方法。该术中合并症好发于抽吸晶体皮质及植入人工晶体时，各２１例（３８．２％），后囊破裂大小约３ｍｍ的３９例（７０．９％），５ｍｍ的１３例（２３．６％）。大于６ｍｍ的３例（５．５％）。后囊破裂的部位及形     

寰枢椎不稳的临床治疗

寰枢椎不稳系指由于先天性异常、外伤及炎症等引起的寰枢椎正常生理结构被破坏，而导致其椎间关节和连接的韧带功能异常，常合并脊髓神经损伤，是一种极具危险性的疾病。我院1990年3月-2002年9月收治寰枢椎不稳患者168例，取得良好疗效，总结如下。     

红景天胶囊治疗中医虚证100例临床报告

采用随机双盲对照法观察了红景天胶囊与绞股蓝胶囊治疗中医虚证１６０例的临床疗效，结果表明：红景天胶囊治疗明显效率为５４％，总有效率为８７％，与绞股蓝胶囊对照组比较，其疗效有高度统计学意义。红景天胶囊有确切的升高血红蛋白，高密度脂蛋白，超氧化物歧化酶及皮质醇的作用，同时能过氧化脂质，表明该药物具有益气生血，保护细胞免疫损伤，延缓和防止细胞衰老和作用．     

人工全髋关节置换术中偏心距重建对髋关节功能的影响

目的比较标准股骨假体行人工全髋关节置换术中股骨假体颈长和股骨距保留对偏心距重建的作用，并分析偏心距重建对软组织平衡的影响。方法68例（71髋）行初次全髋关节置换术并获得随访。术中确定双下肢等长、髋关节稳定及周围软组织紧张度适中。术后采用Harris评分评估手术结果，Cybex-6000等速测定患髋外展肌力，通过手术记录和X线片测量获得偏心距、股骨距、假体颈长、外展肌力臂，用SPSS11．5统计学软件包对数据进行分析。结果假体颈长对偏心距的影响较股骨距大（P＜0．01），并与偏心距呈正相关关系（r=0．642，P＜0．001），但两者对于Harris评分影响的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。股骨头坏死患者术后的偏心距较髋关节骨关节炎患者（P＜0．01）和股骨颈骨折患者小（P＜0．01）。颈于角与偏心距外展肌力臂比呈正相关关系（r=0．25，火0．05）。偏心距重建较好的髋关节术后外展肌力较偏心距重建不足者优（P＜0．05），且两者呈相关关系（r=0．29，P＜0．05）。结论偏心距的重建在全髋关节置换术软组织平衡中主要起到增强术后外展肌力的作用。采用标准股骨假体重建术后股骨偏心距，股骨假体颈长对人工全髋关节置换术后偏心距的重建作用大于股骨距的保留，在诸多影响因素中起到关键作用。     

寰椎后弓侧块螺钉进钉角度的影像学研究及临床应用

目的探讨寰椎后弓侧块螺钉置钉安全角度及临床应用价值。方法对30名寰枢椎形态正常者行颈椎侧位X线摄片和寰枢椎轴位CT扫描,在影像学图像上对寰椎后弓最小高度、矢状面最大进钉倾斜角、最大进钉内倾角等参数进行测量。应用影像学观测的进钉角度对21例上颈椎不稳定患者行后路寰椎后弓侧块螺钉固定,术中观察后弓侧块螺钉置入后对周围重要组织结构的影响,术后观察有无神经症状加重。其中13例行手术前后CT检查,并测量螺钉置入前后的相关参数,评估置钉的安全性。结果(1)寰椎后弓侧块矢状面进钉倾斜角最大头倾10°、最大尾倾6°,最大倾斜角随寰椎后弓最小高度的增加有增大的趋势;(2)当进钉点由内侧改为外侧时,置钉内倾角需作0°～30°的相应调整;(3)手术实际进钉角度与术前预测有一定的差异,但均在预测范围内;(4)临床病例均置钉成功,影像学显示在常用的进钉区域内置钉无螺钉伤及椎动脉、脊髓等周围组织的现象。结论寰椎后弓侧块置钉在矢状面和轴平面上均有一定的安全角度范围,依据此范围置钉可增加寰椎后弓侧块螺钉固定的安全性和可操作性。     

复方天棘胶囊对老龄鼠血气影响的研究

本研究选用昆明种老龄鼠５０只，随机分为正常对照组、阳性对照组和复方天棘胶囊高、中、低剂量组；每组１０只。观察灌服复方天棘胶囊溶液对实验性老龄鼠血气的影响。结果表明，老龄鼠灌服２．０、１．０和０．５ｇ／ｋｇ体重复方天棘胶囊溶液及５．０ｇ／ｋｇ体重红参水煎液１０天后，复方天棘胶囊各剂量组均有不同程度的升高动脉血氧分压（ＰａＯ＿２）和血氧饱和度（ＳａＯ＿２）的作用；且随剂量的递增，ＰａＯ＿２和ＳａＯ＿２明显升高，其中高剂量组升高ＰａＯ＿２和ＳａＯ＿２的作用最为明显（Ｐ＜０．０１）；红本组ＳａＯ＿２也有明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示复方天棘胶囊具有升高ＰａＯ＿２和ＳａＯ＿２的作用。     

金茵利胆胶囊的体外抗炎活性评价及其谱效关系研究

目的 评价金茵利胆胶囊的体外抗炎活性,并研究其抗炎谱效关系。方法 建立LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞炎症模型,通过检测细胞上清中NO、TNF-α和IL-6等指标的含量来评价金茵利胆胶囊的抗炎活性。在此基础上,采用均匀设计法制备金茵利胆胶囊组成饮片的不同配伍样本,采用高效液相法建立均匀设计样品的指纹图谱,对均匀设计样品进行抗炎活性测定;以细胞上清液中NO、TNF-α和IL-6的抑制率为药效指标,与共有峰峰面积经灰色关联分析构建抗炎谱效关系。结果 金茵利胆胶囊提取物（0.25~1.00 mg/mL）能显著降低LPS诱导的RAW264.7细胞分泌NO、TNF-α和IL-6。经对照品比对指认出其中7个色谱峰,分别为新绿原酸（9号峰）、绿原酸（13号峰）、隐绿原酸（14号峰）、1, 3-二咖啡酰奎宁酸（16号峰）、对羟基苯乙酮（17 号峰）、柚皮苷（21 号峰）、新橙皮苷（23 号峰）。抗炎谱效关系结果表明,共有峰均具有一定的抗炎贡献度,其中共有峰峰21（柚皮苷）、峰23（新橙皮苷）与3个细胞炎症指标的关联度均大于0.74。结论：金茵利胆胶囊发挥抗炎作用是多种成分共同作用的结果,为金茵利胆胶囊抗炎药效物质基础及其质量控制提升提供参考。     

Inhibitory effect of amiloride and gadolinium on fine afferent nerves in the rat knee: evidence of mechanogated ion channels in joints

Synovial joints are complex sensory organs which provide continuous feedback regarding position sense and degree of limb movement. The transduction mechanisms which convert mechanical forces acting on the joint into an electrochemical signal which can then be transmitted to the central nervous system are not well understood. The present investigation examined the effect of the mechanogated ion channel blockers amiloride and gadolinium on knee joint mechanosensitivity. In deeply anaesthetised rats (sodium thiopental: 100–120 mg/kg, i.p.), single unit extracellular recordings were made from knee joint group III (Aδ) and group IV (C) primary afferents in response to mechanical rotation of the joint. Afferent firing rate was measured before and after topical application of either amiloride (0.1 mM, 1 mM) or gadolinium (250 μM) onto the receptive field of the sensory unit and recording was continued every 10 min up to a total of 50 min. With normal rotation of the knee, joint mechanosensitivity was significantly reduced by both amiloride (P<0.0001; n=10–21) and gadolinium (P=0.001; n=12) and this effect was sustained throughout the recording period. This investigation provides the first in vivo electrophysiological evidence that joint mechanotransduction involves the activation of amiloride and gadolinium-sensitive mechanogated ion channels. Future studies to determine the mechanogated ion channel subtypes present in joints and the modulation of their gating properties during inflammation may yield novel approaches for the control of arthritis pain. Funding: JJMcD is funded by the Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research, the Canadian Institutes for Health Research, and the Arthritis Society of Canada.     

Early Resistance to experimental plague in animals immunized with recombinant plague vaccine

The protective properties of recombinantSalmonella minnesota R595/pFS1 strain soon after immunization (1–3 days) are studied in a model of experimental mouse plague. Unlike the commercial EV strainYersinia pestis vaccine produced at the Saratov Anti-Plague Institute (Mikrob Research-Manufacturing Conglomerate), the experimental recombinant p preparation affords a high level of protection from the 1st day postvaccination, and surpasses the commercial preparation in such parameters as LD₅₀, mean survival time, and percentage of survivors. By the 21st day the protective indexes of both preparations are comparable. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny,Vol. 119, N ^o 1, pp. 54–57, January, 1995 Presented by A. A. Vorob'ev, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences