延期留置空肠穿刺造口管间断肠内营养在进展期胃癌术后辅助化疗中的应用

目的研究延期留置空肠穿刺追口管间断肠内营养在进展期胃癌术后辅助化疗中应用的可行性及其临床疗效。方法将进展期胃癌术后行辅助化疗的72例病人随机分成A、B两组，各36例。均于术中放置空肠穿刺造口管，A组延期留置空肠穿刺追口管至化疗6个疗程结束，每个化疗疗程经空肠穿刺追口管给予肠内营养液；B组于化疗前拔除空肠穿刺追口管，每个化疗疗程给予普通饮食。比较化疗后两组，观察延期留王空肠穿刺造口管相关并发症。结果化疗后A组血红蛋白、血清白蛋白、前白蛋白及IL-2、NK细胞活性、CD3^＋、CD4^＋、CD4^＋／CD8^＋水平显著高于B组（P〉0．05）；化疗期间A组呕吐发生率显著低于B组，平均每日摄入量显著多于B组（P〈0．05），延期留置空肠穿刺造口管未发生相关严重并发症。结论延期留置空肠穿刺造口管间断肠内营养在进展期胃癌术后辅助化疗中应用是安全可行的，可以有效地提高术后辅助化疗痛人的营养及免疫状况。     

腹腔镜技术在胰腺假性囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术中的应用

目的 探讨腹腔镜下囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合技术在治疗胰腺假性囊肿手术中的可行性、安全性及其临床应用价值.方法 回顾分析近年收治的胰腺假性囊肿患者4例,实施完全腹腔镜下囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术.观察患者的术中出血量、手术时间、术后下床时间、排气排便时间、术后并发症、住院时间及随访结果.结果 所有手术均顺利无中转开腹.平均手术时间约90 min,出血量约40 ml,术后约1.5 d下床,2.3 d排气或排便.患者均顺利恢复,无胰漏等并发症发生.平均住院时间为7d.术后随访2年,无发热腹痛、无胰腺炎和肠粘连等并发症发生,无复发.结论 完全腹腔镜胰腺假性囊肿空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术是安全可行的,具有创伤小、恢复快及并发症少等优点,值得推广.其中掌握精湛的腹腔镜技术和娴熟的打结技巧至关重要.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the feasibility, safety and clinical value of laparoscopic Rouxen-Y cystojejunostomy in the treatment of pancreatic pseudocyst. Method Four patients with pancreatic pseudocyst received totally laparoscopic pancreatic pseudocystojejunostomy. The data on intraoperative bleeding, operative time, postoperative time to get out of bed, time of first flatus/bowel motion, complication and duration of hospital stay were collected and analyzed retrospectively. Results All operations were carried out successfully with laparoscopic surgery. The mean operative time was 90 min. The average intraoperative blood loss was 40 ml. The mean postoperative time to get out of bed was 1.5 d, and the mean time of first flatus/bowel motion was 2. 3 d. All patients recovered smoothly without any pancreatic fistula. The average hospital stay was 7 days. Fever, pancreatitis,adhesive intestinal obstruction and other complications did not occur. Conclusions Totally laparoscopic Roux-en-Y pancreatic pseudocystojejunostomy was an efficacious, safe, and minimally invasive procedure.     

围手术期营养支持在胰十二指肠切除术病人的临床应用

目的:比较胰十二指肠切除术病人围手术期肠内营养(EN)与肠外营养(PN)支持的效果. 方法:60例胰十二指肠切除捆绑式胰肠吻合术后病人随机分为全肠内营养(TEN)组和完全胃肠外营养(TPN)两组,每组各30例.手术前3 d开始给予营养支持,TEN组口服百普素,术后24 h内开始经空肠造口管输注;TPN组术前3 d开始经腔静脉置管行PN支持,术后24 h恢复TPN支持,两组营养支持时间均为14 d. 结果:两组病人均完成营养支持计划,未发生吻合口瘘和腹腔感染.两组病人术后的体质量、体质指数、上臂周径均较术前略低,但组间比较无显著性差异(P＞0.05).两组病人血清蛋白水平在手术后均有明显下降,TPN组下降更明显,组间比较有显著性意义(P＜0.05).TPN组术后谷酰转肽酶和乳酸脱氢酶高于TEN组.术后监测氮平衡1周,两组均表现为负氮平衡.TEN、TPN组肠功能恢复时间分别为(2.5±0.5) d和(3.0±0.5) d(P＜0.05).术后排便时间分别为(4.0±1.0) d和(6.0±1.0) d(P＜0.01).两组病人住院天数无显著性差异(P＞0.05),但TEN组伤口愈合情况优于TPN组(P＜0.05),平均住院费用/药物费用TEN、TPN组分别为11 206/4 502元、15 430/7 500元(P＜0.05). 结论:对胰十二指肠切除术病人,术前3 d及术后早期行EN,可改善营养状况,降低蛋白质分解,促进肠功能恢复,符合生理需求.     

穿刺导管空肠造口术对食管癌患者术后肠内营养支持的临床意义

目的：研究食管癌患者经过重大手术以后,如何通过肠内营养改善机体营养状态,安全接受辅助放、化疗。方法2011年4月至2012年4月对40例（EN组）食管癌患者采取了针刺导管空肠造口（FKJ）模式的营养支持,并设立40例对照组。入组患者符合下述条件：（1）两组患者的基本情况和疾病病程有可比较性;（2）术中及术后无严重并发症;（3）EN组术后FKJ提供肠内营养≥2个月;（4）随访时间≥6个月。EN组术后带管出院,居家自行给以瑞代1000 ml/d,持续≥2个月。对照组术前及出院后均不提供肠内、外商品营养制剂。结果术后3个月EN组患者体重及血清总蛋白、白蛋白含量明显好于对照组（P＜0.05）,但6个月时各项指标有所接近。EN组NK细胞、IgM和IgG均较对照组有所升高,但没有统计学意义。EN组完成辅助治疗的患者比例为89.65%,对照组为75%。后续治疗中EN组肺炎3例,腹泻7例;对照组肺炎4例,腹泻2例。结论 FKJ管道可以有效地长期的提高患者机体的营养状态,对顺利接受术后的各种辅助治疗有重要的意义。     

空肠造口肠内营养在十二指肠瘘的治疗效果分析

目的：分析空肠造口肠内营养治疗十二指肠瘘的临床效果。方法：选取我院2008年4月~2012年7月间因肠胃手术和腹部外伤手术引发十二指肠瘘并发症的患者56例,对其实施空肠造口术,营养剂选择短肽型肠内营养制剂百普素和整蛋白纤维型肠内营养制剂能全力,在输注过程中做好监测与护理。结果：56例患者中无1例死亡均康复出院,住院时间平均为(33.7±5.8)天。结论：肠内营养支持能够保持肠道结构的完整,对于十二指肠瘘的治疗具有积极意义,在临床中应用前景良好。     

胰十二指肠切除术后早期肠内营养支持

目的：评价早期肠内营养对胰十二指肠切除术后康复及减少并发症的作用。方法：回顾分析1999年7月－2001年6月间32例胰十二指肠切除术临床资料，其中EN组11例，术中空肠造口，术后24h开始肠内营养支持；PN组21例予全肠外营养支持。结果：EN组术后平均住院日较PN组为短（25d比36.3d)，平均费用少于PN组（28368．71元比40494．29元），均有显著差别（P＜0．01）。EN组并发症发生率虽少于PN组，但无显著差别（P＞0．05）。结论：胰十二指肠切除术中放置空肠造口管，术后早期肠内营养支持安全可靠、费用低廉，并可促进患者早日康复。     

ENDO STITCHTM自动缝合器在腹腔镜下4例食管癌空肠造口术中的应用

目的:探讨ENDO STITCH?自动缝合器用于腹腔镜下食管癌空肠造口术的可行性。方法:2010年11月-2011年1月,采用ENDO STITCH?自动缝合器为4例食管癌患者行腹腔镜下空肠造口术,其中3例患者为转移性食管癌伴吞咽困难,1例为接受全腔镜食管癌根治术患者而行空肠造口术。结果:4例患者均成功进行了空肠造口术,术中和术后均未发生严重的手术并发症。术后第1天即有肛门排气,可下床运动,术后24h开始肠内营养。术后随访结果显示,转移性食管癌患者在化疗期间均通过空肠造瘘管接受肠内营养,体质量基本保持稳定。结论:ENDO STITCH?自动缝合器应用于腹腔镜下空肠造口术是安全而可行的,适合体质较弱的食管癌患者的营养支持治疗。     

十二指肠损伤的诊断及治疗

目的提高十二指肠损伤早期确诊率。方法报道１６例十二指肠损伤的诊治体会及５例Ｃｏｇｂｉｌ改良憩室化手术再简化的手术治疗经验。结果十二指肠损伤的早期诊断和及时手术治疗是非常重要的。结论Ｃｏｇｂｉｌ改良手术再简化手术是治疗十二指肠损伤的一种操作简单,远期并发症少的术式     

Optimal timing and route of nutritional support after esophagectomy: A review of the literature

Some controversy surrounds the postoperative feeding regimen utilized in patients who undergo esophagectomy.Variation in practices during the perioperative period exists including the type of nutrition started,the delivery route,and its timing.Adequate nutrition is essential for this patient population as these patients often present with weight loss and have altered eating patterns after surgery,which can affect their ability to regain or maintain weight.Methods of feeding after an esophagectomy include total parenteral nutrition,nasoduodenal/nasojejunal tube feeding,jejunostomy tube feeding,and oral feeding.Recent evidence suggests that early oral feeding is associated with shorter LOS,faster return of bowel function,and improved quality of life.Enhanced recovery pathways after surgery pathways after esophagectomy with a component of early oral feeding also seem to be safe,feasible,and cost-effective,albeit with limited data.However,data on anastomotic leaks is mixed,and some studies suggest that the incidence of leaks may be higher with early oral feeding.This risk of anastomotic leak with early feeding may be heavily modulated by surgical approach.No definitive data is currently available to definitively answer this question,and further studies should look at how these early feeding regimens vary by surgical technique.This review aims to discuss the existing literature on the optimal route and timing of feeding after esophagectomy.     

Intracorporeal esophagojejunostomy using the double stapling technique after laparoscopic total gastrectomy:A retrospective case-series study

AIM:To introduce a simple and safe anvil insertion technique to esophagus during laparoscopic total gastrectomy(LTG).METHODS:Between July 2010 and December 2012,58 consecutive patients with early gastric cancer underwent LTG were enrolled.We performed a simple and safe Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy using the double stapling technique to all patients.Then patients’characteristics,perioperative outcome and histopathologic data were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS:The mean age and body mass index were59.3±9.7 years and 22.7±2.6 kg/m2.The mean operation,reconstruction and anvil insertion times(from gastric incision to linear stapling)were 251.8±57.0,43.1±2.8 and 4.2±1.9 min,respectively.Intraoperative blood loss was 204.6±156.3 m L and there was no open conversion.The postoperative complications were in 8 cases(delayed gastric emptying in 4 cases,pulmonary complication in 2cases,pancreatitis in 1 case,anastomotic stricture in 1case).Anastomotic stricture occurred after discharge and was recovered by endoscopic intervention.The patients were discharged at a mean of 9.6±2.0 d after surgery.Neither leakage nor bleeding from the esophagojejunostomy occurred postoperatively.The mean proximal margin of specimen was 2.7±2.8 cm CONCLUSION:Roux-en Y esophagojejunostomy usingthe double stapling technique is simple and rapid,and it may offer a solid,alternative reconstruction method for LTG or proximal gastrectomy.