孤立性眩晕型小脑梗死的误诊分析与早期识别

目的旨在探讨急性孤立性眩晕型小脑梗死的早期识别因子及误诊为前庭周围性眩晕的原因。方法通过回顾性分析55例表现为孤立性眩晕发作的急性小脑梗死及58例年龄基本相配前庭周围性眩晕患者的临床资料,分析漏诊和误诊的具体原因,比较分析急性小脑梗死与前庭周围性眩晕患者的临床特点与脑血管病危险因素,寻找早期识别急性小脑梗死的预测因子。结果 13例(23.64%)初诊时被误诊为前庭周围性眩晕者。36例(65.45%)没有步态检查记录,所有患者没有进行眼前庭反射检查,初诊时阳性体征(如眼球震颤、辨距不良及直线行走困难等)的发现率明显偏低。16例(29.09%)没有及时进行头部CT或MRI检查。小脑性眩晕的早期呕吐、头痛症状及眩晕间隙期步态障碍的发生率也明显高于周围性眩晕(P<0.05)。二项Logistic回归分析发现男性、Essen缺血性卒中风险评估(ESRS)>3分是预测急性小脑梗死的重要因子(P<0.05)。结论急性小脑梗死通常表现为孤立性眩晕症状,容易漏诊或误诊。病史询问不详尽、神经系统体格检查不彻底、忽视了神经影像学检查以及早期CT检查的不敏感性是容易漏诊或误诊的重要原因。ESRS>3分、早期出现呕吐或头痛、眩晕间隙期直线行走困难、前庭眼球反射正常对早期诊断小脑性急性孤立性眩晕有重要临床价值。     

月季花提取液对小鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩性能的影响

目的探讨不同剂量的月季花提取液对小白鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩性能的影响。方法采用小白鼠离体子宫实验法,观察不同剂量的月季花提取液对小鼠正常子宫以及缩宫素干预下小鼠离体子宫的收缩幅度、收缩张力、收缩曲线下面积和收缩频率的影响。结果与对照组比较,月季花低剂量组离体子宫收缩频率明显降低(P<0.01),月季花中、高剂量组均能明显降低收缩幅度、收缩张力、收缩面积和收缩频率(P<0.05);与缩宫素组比较,除缩宫素+月季花低剂量组对收缩幅度抑制不明显外,各组均能明显降低收缩幅度、收缩张力、收缩面积和收缩频率(P<0.05),而且随着剂量的增大,收缩性能降低越显著。结论月季花提取液明显抑制小鼠正常离体子宫收缩性能和拮抗缩宫素引起的子宫兴奋效应,具有一定的量效关系。     

Role of percutaneous transhepatic obliteration for special types of varices with portal hypertension

The treatment of special types of varices with portal hypertension has not yet been established. We were able to control 13 cases of special types of varices by percutaneous transhepatic obliteration (PTO). These 13 cases consisted of 2 esophagojejunal varices after total gastrectomy for gastric cancer, 1 stoma varices after abdominoperineal excision for rectal cancer, 2 mesenteric varices with encephalopathy, 1 gastric variceal rupture, 1 gastrorenal and gastroazygos shunt with encephalopathy, 3 giant bar-type esophageal varices, 2 isolated gastric varices with gastropericardiac shunts, and 1 isolated gastric varices with gastrophrenic shunt. The special types of varices were successfully embolized in all cases and there were no complications. We conclude that the PTO is still an effective and safe treatment for special types of varices with portal hypertension.     

单纯收缩期高血压病人年龄与血管内皮功能对大动脉僵硬度的影响

目的探讨单纯收缩期高血压(ISH)患者大动脉僵硬度与年龄、血管内皮功能之间的关系。方法对老年单纯收缩期高血压病人71例,进行大动脉僵硬度(主动脉脉搏波传导速度,baPWV)和内皮依赖性血管舒张功能(FMD)检测。同期年龄配对的健康老年人30例和健康中年人50例作为对照组。结果老年单纯收缩期高血压组、老年健康组、中年健康组 baPWV 依次减慢[老年 ISH:(2459.2±436.8)比老年健康:(2097.2±315.7)比中年健康:(1619.7±214.2)cm/s,P<0.01或<0.05),而 FMD 则依次增大(老年 ISH:6.2±2.2比老年健康:9.8±2.5比中年健康:14.4±1.9,P<0.05或<0.01)。在老年单纯收缩期高血压组中,baPWV 与 FMD呈显著性负相关、与收缩压(SBP)、脉压(PP)呈显著性正相关。多元逐步回归分析证明:年龄、FMD、SBP、PP 是大动脉僵硬度的危险因素。结论在老年单纯收缩期高血压病人中增龄与 FMD 失调明显增加了大动脉僵硬度,因此,在控制 ISH 的同时,改善 FMD 可以降低大动脉僵硬度,从而进一步降低心血管事件的风险。     

右冠状动脉病变对左冠状动脉狭窄患者左心室功能的影响

目的　探讨右冠状动脉病变对左冠状动脉狭窄患者左心室功能的影响及其机制。方法　对比分析左冠状动脉狭窄患者在合并与不合并右冠状动脉病变时的左心室射血分数。结果　与相应部位单纯左冠状动脉狭窄患者相比 ,合并右冠状动脉病变患者左心室射血分数均呈不同程度地下降 ,其中在左前降支、左前降支 +左回旋支狭窄基础上合并右冠状动脉病变时左心室射血分数下降有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5或 0 .0 1) ,左主干合并右冠状动脉狭窄患者下降幅度最大 ,但无统计学意义。结论　右冠状动脉病变可在单纯左冠状动脉狭窄的基础上使左心室收缩功能进一步恶化 ;当左冠状动脉狭窄部位为左前降支、左主干或左前降支 +左回旋支时 ,对左心室收缩功能影响更为严重     

Haloperidol affects coupling between QT and RR intervals in guinea pig isolated heart

Prolonged QT interval is an independent risk factor for development of ventricular arrhythmias. Haloperidol is one of the drugs inducing QT prolongation. Previous studies showed that haloperidol affects not only QT duration but also heart rate (RR interval). The present work focused on relationship between QT and RR and its changes under acute and chronic haloperidol administration. The study included 14 male guinea pigs divided into control and haloperidol-treated group. After 21-days administration of haloperidol or vehiculum, electrograms in isolated hearts were recorded. QT/RR and dQT/dRR coupling were calculated. Chronic haloperidol administration significantly decreases the coupling between QT and RR. Acute haloperidol exposure significantly decreases the dQT/dRR coupling in both treated and untreated guinea pig hearts. Flatter QT/RR relationship reveals a lack of QT adaptation to increased heart rate. It should be emphasized that in such situation ECG recording will not show significant QT prolongation evaluated according to clinical rules. However, if QT interval does not adapt to increased heart rate sufficiently, the risk of ventricular arrhythmias may be increased despite practically normal QT interval length. The results are supported by findings in biochemical analyses, which proved eligibility of the used model.     

川芎嗪对离体豚鼠气道平滑肌的效应及机制研究

目的：探讨川芎嗪( ligustrazine,LIG)对离体豚鼠气道平滑肌( airway smooth muscle,ASM)的效应及机制。方法取正常豚鼠支气管,制作成气管螺旋条,随机分成LIG组、LIG+普萘洛尔组、LIG+阿托品组、LIG+硝苯地平组、LIG+格列苯脲组、对照组。分别观察ASM在静息张力下以及组胺所致的高张力下,各组不同LIG浓度对ASM的效应并比较各组间ASM舒张率。结果(1) LIG对离体豚鼠ASM静息张力以及组胺所致的高张力均具有舒张作用。(2)离体豚鼠ASM在静息张力下,与LIG组比较,LIG+普萘洛尔组在LIG浓度10-7~10-6．5 mol/L时,舒张作用明显受到拮抗( P <0．05)。 LIG +阿托品组、LIG+格列苯脲组在LIG浓度10-7．5~10-3 mol/L时,舒张作用没有明显差别(P>0．05)。 LIG+硝苯地平组在LIG浓度10-6~10-4 mol/L时,舒张作用明显加强( P<0．05)。(3)离体豚鼠ASM在组胺所致的高张力下,与LIG组比较,LIG+普萘洛尔组在LIG浓度10-6.5~10-5 mol/L时,舒张作用明显受到拮抗( P<0．05);LIG+阿托品组、LIG+格列苯脲组在LIG浓度10-8~10-3 mol/L时,舒张作用没有明显差别( P>0．05);LIG+硝苯地平组在LIG浓度10-6.5~10-5 mol/L时,舒张作用明显加强(P<0．05)。结论 LIG可对离体豚鼠ASM静息张力以及组胺所致的高张力产生明显的舒张作用,其效应的产生可能与竞争性激动β2受体以及抑制Ca2+内流有关,这为临床应用川芎嗪治疗支气管哮喘提供了理论依据。