Intraductal papillary-mucinous tumor of the pancreas head with complete absence of the ventral pancreatic duct of Wirsung

A case of intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the pancreas with complete absence of the ventral pancreatic duct of Wirsung is presented. A 74-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital because of elevated serum amylase concentration. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scanning revealed diffuse dilatation of the main pancreatic duct and a diffuse and uncircumscribed area with heterogeneous density in the pancreas head. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography revealed that the main pancreatic duct was connected with an accessory papilla and was diffusely dilated, without any irregularity of the duct wall being observed in the entire length of the duct. The common bile duct was detected only by cannulation through Vaters papilla, and no pancreatic duct or its communicating branch was found. Some branches, directed to the dorsal portion of the pancreas head, were found arising from the accessory pancreatic duct. Intraductal ultrasound examination performed through the accessory papilla and the common bile duct revealed a small tumor with a heterogeneous echo level in the pancreas head. From these findings, intraductal papillary-mucinous tumor (IPMT) occurring in the pancreas head was diagnosed, and pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed. The resected specimen revealed IPMT in the pancreas head. A roentgenographic study of the resected specimen revealed a defect caused by the tumor located in the pancreatic duct connected with the accessory papilla and showed that there was complete absence of the pancreatic duct connected with Vaters papilla. Surgical resection enabled us to completely analyze the duct system of pancreas divisum. Although it is not known whether there is a relationship between the pathogenesis of IPMT and embryological anomaly of the pancreatic duct system, this case may provide an insight into the pathogenesis of IPMT.     

Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography for postoperative follow-up of intraductal papillary-mucinous tumors of the pancreas

BACKGROUND: After resection of an intraductal papillary-mucinous tumor (IPMT), benign tumors or portions of the resected tumor are sometimes left in place to avoid total pancreatectomy. We evaluated the role of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in postoperative follow-up. METHODS: Twenty-two patients underwent MRCP 0.5 to 6.5 years after pancreatic resection for IPMT. RESULTS: Two patients with surgical margin involvement of the main pancreatic duct showed mildly enhanced ductal dilatation due to anastomotic stenosis. In 4 patients with residual IPMT of the branch ducts, postoperative MRCP demonstrated no changes. MRCP revealed new IPMT 1 year after surgery in 1 patient. No patients showed intraductal or intracystic mural nodules postoperatively. In 3 patients with postoperative pancreatitis or recurrent abdominal discomfort, MRCP demonstrated ductal dilatation and poor secretin-stimulated pancreatic secretion into the gastrointestinal tract, which suggested pancreatoenterostomic stenosis. CONCLUSIONS: MRCP is useful for postoperative follow-up of IPMT, in terms of investigating residual or recurrent IPMT and evaluating postpancreatectomy long-term complications.     

Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Tumor of the Pancreas in a Young Man: Report of a Case

We report the rare case of an intraductal papillary mucinous tumor (IPMT) in a man younger than 30 years of age. The patient was admitted with upper abdominal pain and an elevated amylase level of 662 IU/l. Ultrasonography showed a cystic mass in the pancreatic body and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) revealed a dilated pancreatic duct with a filling defect communicating with the tumor. He was successfully treated by segmental resection, which seems to be the best surgical option for pancreatic body tumors since it results in long-term survival and preserves as much pancreatic parenchyma as possible. Nevertheless, it can only be done in the absence of additional nodules along the pancreatic duct. A pathological diagnosis of intraductal papillary adenocarcinoma of the noninvasive type was confirmed, and both stumps were free of tumor. Received: August 8, 2001 / Accepted: July 2, 2002 Reprint requests to: T. Tokoro     

Laparoscopic Pancreatic Resection: The Past,Present, and Future

Since the early 1990s, laparoscopic techniques have been applied to a growing number of pancreatic surgeries. Laparoscopic pancreatic resections have been performed in patients with a variety of diseases including chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic trauma, congenital hyperinsulinism, and neoplasms of the pancreas; e.g., insulinoma, mucinous cystic neoplasm, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm, etc. Laparoscopic pancreatic resections with an en bloc lymph node dissection have also been performed for invasive carcinomas. The long-term results after laparoscopic resections for invasive pancreatic cancer, however, are still not well defined. Laparoscopic distal pancreatectomies with or without spleen preservation may benefit patients with reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay, a quicker recovery to normal activity, and better cosmetic appearances based on retrospective analyses of collective series and case reports. Prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to validate these benefits. In contrast, laparoscopic proximal pancreatectomies with or without duodenum preservation remain controversial. Although a laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy and laparoscopic duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection are technically feasible, laparoscopic reconstruction after proximal pancreatectomies is not yet generally practicable but limited to personal experiences by highly skilled endoscopic surgeons. To justify the performance of laparoscopic proximal pancreatectomies, it is mandatory to demonstrate the potential clinical benefits and safety of these complicated procedures.     

细胞角蛋白在乳腺疾病中的诊断价值

目的：探讨细胞角蛋白在不同乳腺疾病中的表达及其对乳腺疾病诊断和鉴别诊断的意义。方法：107例乳腺疾病患者中包括普通性导管增生（UDH）33例、不典型性导管增生（ADH）20例、导管原位癌（DCIS）34例,不同病变与浸润性导管癌（IDC）20例,采用免疫组化检测CK5/6、CK34βE12、CK19、CK8/18、SMA、ER、c-erbB-2的表达。结果：CK5/6和CK34βE12在ADH、DCIS、IDC中的表达率显著低于UDH（P〈0.01）;CK19、CK8/18在各组间的表达无明显差异;SMA在良性的肌上皮中表达,部分高级别DCIS中灶状缺如,在IDC中缺如。ER、c-erbB-2在不同疾病中表达模式不同。结论：CK5/6和CK34βE12的表达率有助于UDH与ADH和DCIS的鉴别;细胞角蛋白结合SMA、ER、c-erbB-2的表达可辅助乳腺良恶性疾病的鉴别诊断。细胞角蛋白对于乳腺导管内增生性病变的病理诊断及鉴别诊断有实用意义。     

防止乳腺导管内乳头状瘤癌变的探讨

目的 :采用细胞学方法诊断导管内乳头状瘤 (intraductal,papillomas,IP)癌变 ,并探讨其意义。方法 :714例乳头溢液病例全部行脱落细胞学检查。大部分病例同时做近红外线扫描、 B超、乳腺 X线检查。结果 :查出 IP 16 1例 ,其中发现癌细胞或可疑癌细胞 2 0例 ,占 12 .4 % ,与术中术后病理相符 ,癌变是在 IP基础上发生了癌细胞样改变。癌变平均年龄 4 7.2岁 ,血性溢液为主 ,占 75 .0 % ,结论 :乳头状瘤是乳腺癌的前期病变。故女性年龄超过 4 5岁 ,特别是绝经后乳头溢血患者与乳癌关系更为密切     

Outcomes following resection of invasive and noninvasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas

BACKGROUND: Since any intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is at least premalignant, avoiding conversion to invasion by pancreatic resection should provide a survival advantage-but how much? METHODS: We reviewed 100 cases of IPMN that were resected. Survival was compared between 3 groups: noninvasive IPMN (n = 75), invasive IPMN (n = 25), and invasive ductal adenocarcinoma (n = 24), the latter matched by tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage to the IPMN invasive group. RESULTS: The 5-year disease-specific survival was significantly better for the noninvasive IPMN group (100%) than the invasive IPMN group (46%). Tumor recurrence was infrequent with noninvasive IPMNs (1.3% benign IPMN). Recurrence was common in the invasive IPMN group (46%). Even the subgroup with stage 1 disease had a 25% recurrence of malignancy. Survival curves were not different (P = .11) between the cases matched by stage for those with invasive IPMN cases versus cases with ductal adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION: Patients with the invasive form of IPMN will have a similarly poor survival as those with ductal adenocarcinoma. In patients thought to have a benign IPMN, these lesions should be removed to avoid conversion to invasive cancer and to preserve the opportunity for the more favorable prognosis observed in this study.     

Updates in diagnosis and management of pancreatic cysts

Incidental pancreatic cysts are commonly encountered with some cysts having malignant potential. The most common pancreatic cystic neoplasms include serous cystadenoma, mucinous cystic neoplasm and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. Risk stratifying pancreatic cysts is important in deciding whether patients may benefit from endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) or surgical resection. Surgery should be reserved for patients with malignant cysts or cysts at high risk for developing malignancy as suggested by various risk features including solid mass, nodule and dilated main pancreatic duct. EUS may supplement magnetic resonance imaging findings for cysts that remain indeterminate or have concerning features on imaging. Various cyst fluid markers including carcinoembryonic antigen, glucose, amylase, cytology, and DNA markers help distinguish mucinous from nonmucinous cysts. This review will guide the practicing gastroenterologist in how to evaluate incidental pancreatic cysts and when to consider referral for EUS or surgery. For presumed low risk cysts, surveillance strategies will be discussed. Managing pancreatic cysts requires an individualized approach that is directed by the various guidelines.     

胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤13例临床分析

目的总结胰腺导管内乳头状黏液性肿瘤(IPMT)的诊治经验,提高对该病治疗水平。方法自1985年5月至2004年3月共收治IPMT病人13例,男8例,女5例。所有病人均有不同程度的胰管扩张,8例进行了ERCP检查,发现胰管扩张,胰液溢出5例。结果除1人外,其他病人均接受了手术治疗,手术效果良好。术后病理诊断为胰头导管乳头状黏液性腺癌3例;胰头导管内乳头状黏液性腺瘤伴局部癌变2例;胰头导管内乳头状黏液性腺瘤伴不典型增生2例;胰头导管内乳头状黏液性腺瘤5例。结论IPMT与胰腺导管癌不同,ERCP有助于诊断本病,积极的手术治疗可获得良好的预后。