Congenital lens coloboma and associated pathologies

Coloboma of the lens is characterized by notching of the equator of the lens. The cause of the condition is faulty development of the zonule. The lens deprived of its normal pull in the defective region is thicker and more spherical as if there were no loss of its substance. We report five cases of lens coloboma and localized zonular defect without any associated systemic anomalies. One case included retinal detachment; another included an iris coloboma; and a third included iris, choroid and optic disk colobomas and retinal detachment with lens coloboma. The remaining two cases were without associated ocular anomalies. The pathogenic mechanisms and relationship of this defect with the differentiation of the tertiary vitreous and development of the zonule is discussed. The defect most likely occurs in the third to fourth months of gestation during differentiation of the tertiary vitreous in response to toxic, inflammatory or genetic factors.     

Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD)

Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) is a new technique for the decompression of the lumbar disc space and removal of nucleus pulposus via a posterolateral approach. The technique was introduced in Germany by the authors in April 1987. The method is indicated in patients with non-equestrated lumbar disc herniation with an intact lorsal longitudinal ligament. In local anesthesia, a working cannula (OD 5 mm) is placed at the dorsal lateral border of the disc. The disc space is opened with anulus trephines and the nucleus pulposus is removed with rigid and flexible forceps as well as with automated shaver systems under intermittent endoscopic control (discoscopy). The procedure is performed in local anesthesia. The results of the first thirty patients with a follow-up time between 6 months and 17 months could be graded as excellent in 13 cases, as good in 9 cases, as fair in 6 cases, and as bad in 2 cases. The relief of symptoms as judged by the patients was between 70–100 percent in the majority of the cases. Three patients had to be reoperated at the same level and site, because of either persistent or recurrent sciatica. The performance in local anesthesia, the atraumatic extraspinal approach, the reduced time of hospitalization and post-operative morbidity as well as the reduced time of work incapability are the main advantages of this new method.     

骶管阻滞配用周围神经阻滞治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效

[目的 ]探讨非手术方法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效 .[方法 ]将 98例腰椎间盘突出症患者分成腰痛组和腿痛组 ,前者采用骶管阻滞加严氏椎间隙阻滞法 ,后者采用骶管阻滞加腰大肌肌沟阻滞法 .[结果 ]两组治疗前后分值相比较均有显著性差异 ,其优良率分别为 88%和 84% .[结论 ]采用骶管阻滞加严氏椎间隙阻滞或腰大肌肌沟阻滞法治疗腰椎间盘突出症具有疗效     

腰椎间盘突出连续硬膜外阻滞疗效观察

目的：探讨连续硬膜外阻滞治疗腰椎间盘突出的适应证和疗效相关因素。方法：经腰(骶)部穿刺,1％利多卡因连续硬膜外腔阻滞法。结果：随访151例,随访8～31个月,优良83例(55．0％),疼痛明显改善,以中央型和腰痛为主的椎间盘突出较为有效。结论：本封闭法疗效与椎问盘突出部位、类型有关,可适用于疼痛严重的椎间盘突出。     

视盘血管炎的治疗

目的：研究视盘血管炎的发病机制,病因,病程经过,治疗方法及预后。方法：系统治疗和观察了视盘血管炎４６例,其中视乳头水肿２６例、３０眼,中央静脉血栓型２０例、２０眼。对患者视力、视野、眼压、视乳头改变、眼底荧光血管造影及血象等进行了检查。对视乳头水肿型行ＣＴ颅脑扫描,眼压测量和脑脊液检查以除外颅内病变。所有患者均予以抗感染和抑制免疫反应疗法。结果：患者均在１８个月内治愈。视乳头水肿型视盘血管炎半数视     

化学髓核溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的 探讨化学髓核溶解术的一种新的穿刺方法,用于治疗破裂型腰椎间盘突出症。方法 采用经背后入路直接穿刺椎间盘脱出部位,用600单位的胶原酶溶解脱出的椎间盘组织治疗破裂脱出型腰椎间盘突出症。本组治疗43例临床确诊为破裂脱出型腰椎间盘突出症,并随访半年至2年。结果 采用本穿刺方法治疗43例腰椎间盘脱出患者,治愈27例,治愈率为63%,有效11例,有效率为88%,无椎间盘变窄和退行性变等并发症出现。结论 经背后入路直接穿刺脱出的椎间盘组织行胶原酶溶解术是一种操作简单、安全、有效的新方法,可减少并发症的发生。     

腰椎间盘突出症继发马尾神经综合征手术治疗的疗效

目的：研究腰椎间盘突出症继发马尾神经综合征手术治疗的疗效。方法：对６７例腰椎间盘突出症并发马尾神经综合征的患者发病因素、病程、影像学的表现特征、手术时机的选择同其治疗的随访结果进行综合分析。随访时间３个月至３．５年,平均１年４个月。结果：急性发病的患者其手术时机的选择同患者功能恢复的优良率有关,发病１周、２周、１个月、１个月以上疗效优良率分别为７２．２２％,６３．６４％,５０．００％,３３．３３％     

腰椎间盘突出症椎间盘骨化临床分析

目的：分析骨化型腰椎间盘突出症的特殊性,为临床采取有效措施提供资料。方法：从１９８６～１９９９年,手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症３６１例,经ＣＴ手术证实骨化型４腰椎间盘突出症占６０例,对其病因、病理、临床表现、影像学特点、手术方法及其并发症进行总结。结果：经平均４．２５ａ的随访,优３７例,良１６例,进步７例。结论：骨化型腰椎间盘突出症具有腰椎间盘突出症的普遍性,又有其特殊性。针对其特殊性,采取可行性手术治     

腰椎斜外侧椎间融合术后融合器沉降的原因分析

目的:观察斜外侧椎间融合(oblique lateral interbody fusion,OLIF)治疗腰椎病变术后融合器沉降现象,总结融合器沉降特点,并分析其原因,提出预防性措施。方法:回顾性分析2015年10月至2018年12月收治的144例腰椎病变资料,其中男43例,女101例;年龄20~81(60.90±10.06)岁;腰椎间盘退行性病变17例,巨大型腰椎间盘突出12例,椎间盘源性腰痛5例,腰椎管狭窄症33例,腰椎退行性滑脱26例,腰椎椎弓峡部裂伴椎体滑脱28例,腰椎内固定术后邻椎病11例,炎症转归期原发性椎间隙炎7例,腰椎退行性侧后凸5例。术前双能X线骨密度检查提示存在骨量减少或骨质疏松57例,骨密度正常87例。融合节段数:单节段124例,2节段11例,3节段8例,4节段1例。采用Stand-alone OLIF 40例,OLIF联合后路椎弓根螺钉固定104例。记录术后融合器沉降的发生情况,对可能风险因素进行单因素分析,观察融合器沉降对于临床结果的影响。结果:所有手术顺利完成,手术时间中位数99 min,术中出血量中位数106 ml;术中发生终板损伤30例,合并椎体骨折5例。所有患者获得随访,时间6~30(14.57±7.14)个月。随访过程中除原发性腰椎间隙炎病例、部分腰椎椎弓峡部裂伴椎体滑脱病例,其余出现不同程度的融合器沉降现象,其中正常沉降119例,异常沉降25例(Ⅰ级23例,Ⅱ级2例)。未出现椎弓根螺钉系统松动或断裂现象,椎间隙高度由术前的(9.48±1.84) mm恢复至术后3~5 d的(12.65±2.03) mm及末次随访时的 (10.51±1.81) mm,术后3~5 d与术前比较、末次随访与术后3~5 d比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。椎间融合率为94.4%(136/144)。腰痛和腿痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS)分别由术前的(6.55±2.29)、(4.72±1.49)分降低至末次随访时的(1.40±0.82)、(0.60±0.03)分(P<0.000 1);ODI由术前的(38.50±6.98)%恢复至末次随访时的(11.30±3.27)%(P<0.05)。并发症发生率为31.3%(45/144),再手术率9.72%(14/144),其中因融合器沉降或移位而再次手术8例,占再手术的57.14%(8/14)。单因素分析结果显示:在骨量减少或骨质疏松组、Stand-alone OLIF组、2节段或以上融合组、终板损伤组中其异常沉降例数分别高于骨量正常组、OLIF联合椎弓根螺钉固定组、单节段融合组、终板无损伤组。结论:融合器沉降是OLIF术后较为常见的现象,术前骨量减少或骨质疏松、Stand-alone OLIF应用、2节段或以上融合和术中终板损伤可能是术后融合器沉降的重要因素。虽然融合器沉降程度与临床症状无明显相关,但存在融合器移位的风险,需要加强预防,以降低因融合器沉降而带来的严重并发症,包括再手术。     

正常人收缩期左侧房室平面位移的超声心动图检测

目的：利用超声心动图检测正常人左侧房室平面位移幅度。方法：被检对象为１４４ 例正常人,男７２ 例,女７２ 例。按不同年龄分为６ 组,分别为：Ⅰ组（ｎ＝ ２４ ,３～６ 岁）;Ⅱ组（ｎ＝２４ ,７～１４ 岁） ;Ⅲ组（ｎ＝２４,１５～１９ 岁） ;Ⅳ组（ｎ＝ ２４,２０～３９ 岁）;Ⅴ组（ｎ＝２４ ,４０ ～５９ 岁） 及Ⅵ组（ｎ＝ ２４ ,≥６０ 岁）。结果：①左心收缩期房室平面位移测值在Ⅰ组～Ⅴ组之间无显著性差异（ Ｐ＞０－０５）,而Ⅵ组测值较Ⅰ组～Ⅴ组的测值均低（ Ｐ＜ ０－０５）;②左心收缩期房室平面位移测值不受心率、血压、体表面积及性别的影响。结论：①左侧房室平面位移测值受年龄因素影响;②制定正常左侧房室平面位移测值可以不考虑心率、血压、体表面积及性别的影响