有限元法在腰椎融合术与置换术生物力学研究中应用进展

回顾近年来有限元法(finite element method,FEM)在腰椎椎间融合术与人工椎间盘置换术生物力学中的研究进展,并对其应用前景进行展望。通过归纳整理,得出FEM在腰椎椎间融合术与人工椎间盘置换术生物力学中的研究要点是手术方案的优化选择、植入器械的性能评价和临床手术的效果预测。最后依据当前的研究要点和发展方向,对FEM在个性化手术模拟、弹性内固定性能评价和新型术式效果预测等方面的应用前景进行展望。通过对FEM在腰椎椎间融合术与人工椎间盘置换术生物力学研究中的应用进展进行回顾和展望,以期为临床腰背痛疾病的手术治疗提供更加全面和系统的理论指导。     

硬膜外阻滞下手法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床观察

目的观察硬膜外阻滞下手法治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床效果。方法80例患者随机分为两组,康复组(n=40)及对照组(n=40),观察治疗前后两组VSA评分,直腿抬高试验及治愈显效率。结果康复组疗效优于对照组,两组间有显著差异P<0.05。结论硬膜外阻滞下手法治疗腰椎间盘突出症是安全有效的保守治疗方法     

Long-Term Follow-Up Results of Anterior Cervical Inter-Body Fusion with Stand-Alone Cages

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term follow-up radiologic/clinical outcomes of patients who underwent anterior cervical discectomy and inter-body fusion (ACDF) with stand-alone cages (SAC) in a single academic institution.MethodsTotal 99 patients who underwent ACDF with SAC between February 2004 and December 2012 were evaluated retrospectively. A total of 131 segments were enrolled in this study. Basic demographic information, radiographic [segmental subsidence rate, fusion rate, C2–7 global angle, and segmental angle changes)/clinical outcomes (by Odom''s criteria and visual analog score (VAS)] and complications were evaluated to determine the long-term outcomes.ResultsThe majority were males (55 vs. 44) with average age of 53.2. Mean follow-up period was 62.9 months. The segmental subsidence rate was 53.4% and fusion rate was 73.3%. In the subsidence group, anterior intervertebral height (AIH) had more tendency of subsiding than middle or posterior intervertebral height (p=0.01). The segmental angle led kyphotic change related to the subsidence of the AIH. Adjacent segmental disease was occurred in 18 (18.2%) patients. Total 6 (6%) reoperations were performed at the index level. There was no statistical significance between clinical and radiological outcomes. But, overall long-term clinical outcome by Odom''s criteria was unsatisfactory (64.64%). The neck and arm VAS score were increased by over time.ConclusionLong-term outcomes of ACDF with SAC group were acceptable but not satisfactory. For optimal decision making, more additional comparative long-term outcome data is needed between ACDF with SAC and ACDF with plating.     

硬膜外注射治疗急性腰椎间盘突出症的临床观察

目的：探讨硬膜外注射对急性腰椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法：60例急性腰椎间盘突出患者随机分为硬膜外注射组30例和常规治疗组30例，治疗前、治疗后1天、1周及出院前应用目测类比定级法（VAS）对疼痛进行评估，应用腰椎疾患治疗成绩评分表对治疗前后腰椎功能状态进行临床评定。结果：硬膜外注射即时止痛效果明显， 治疗优良率占83．4％，平均改善指数及改善率均高于常规组，并可明显缩短住院时间。结论：硬膜外注射对急性腰椎间盘突出症有较好的临床疗效。     

低场MRI诊断腰背部浅筋膜炎的临床应用价值

目的对腰背部浅筋膜炎进行定义并探讨其低场MRI表现。方法选腰腿痛病史患者54例,男38例,女16例。使用0·35T低场MR机,采用SET1wI、FSET2wI及STIR序列行腰部扫描。结果54例患者腰背部浅筋膜层中均可见到条、片状长T1、长T2信号影,STIR序列呈明显高信号影。结论MR诊断腰背部浅筋膜炎敏感性及特异性高,可避免误诊和漏诊。     

腰三针配合手法复位治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效及肌电图分析

目的：探讨腰三针配合手法复位治疗腰椎间盘突出症的作用机理。方法：腰椎间盘突出症患者60例均采用腰三针配合手法复位治疗，治疗前后进行肌电图检测并分析。结果；经过20次治疗后。60例患者临床治愈35例（58．3％），总有效率为95．0％。肌电图显示腓总神经及胫神经传导速度与治疗前比较显著增高，接近正常值，并能使延长的神经远端潜伏期显著缩短。结论：腰三针配合手法复位治疗腰椎间盘突出症可显著改善患者的临床症状。提高神经传导速度，促进患肢功能的恢复。     

牵引力对颈椎间盘作用的三维有限元分析

目的　比较不同牵引力对颈椎间盘的作用 ,从而获得有效的牵引条件。方法　通过建立颈椎三维有限元模型 ,使用MARCK72通用有限元分析软件计算 ,获得不同力量、不同角度的牵引条件下各颈椎间隙髓核部分的应力分布、体积改变 ,并进行分析。结果　在牵引力的作用下 ,髓核上产生不均匀的应力分布 ,最高应力出现在后部。髓核的前缘均略减小 ,后缘均略增宽。髓核的体积均略增大 ,且随牵引力、牵引角度的增加而增大 ,上部髓核体积的增大较下部明显 ,且增大率的差异较增大量更突出。结论　以前倾 3 0° ,90N牵引颈椎 ,可最大程度地增大髓核体积 ,利于间盘还纳     

Towards engineering distinct multi‐lamellated outer and inner annulus fibrosus tissues

The annulus fibrosus (AF) of the intervertebral disc (IVD) has a zonal distribution of phenotypically distinct cells. The outer AF (OAF) cells produce an extracellular matrix (ECM) rich in type I collagen with little proteoglycans, whereas the ECM of the inner AF (IAF) has abundant type II collagen and proteoglycans. The inhomogeneous distribution of the ECM in the AF may reflect the complex mechanical forces that the IVD experiences. A bioengineered AF tissue should recapitulate both the inner and outer zones in order to have proper functionality. The aim of this study is to generate multi‐lamellated OAF and IAF tissues with ECM compositions that resemble their zonal origin using polycarbonate urethane (PU) scaffolds. It was observed that supplementation of the media with insulin‐transferrin‐selenium (ITS) and proline yielded tissues with good cellularity. However, IAF cells accumulated only type I collagen, similar to OAF cells. Addition of dexamethasone and sodium pyruvate induced the accumulation of IAF tissues rich in type II collagen and aggrecan, without altering the accumulation of type I collagen in OAF tissues. Dexamethasone stimulated mitochondrial membrane potential in both tissues in the presence of sodium pyruvate, suggesting a relationship between the mitochondrial aerobic respiratory state and dexamethasone signalling during the in vitro‐tissue formation by OAF and IAF cells. Inhibition of the glucocorticoid receptor blocked the stimulation of mitochondrial membrane potentials and type II collagen accumulation. In summary, biologically distinct multi‐lamellated OAF and IAF tissues can be generated, which will facilitate advancement towards the goal of engineering a biological IVD replacement. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1346–1355, 2018.

     

神经妥乐平治疗腰椎间盘突出术后残余神经症状的临床观察

目的:观察神经妥乐平对腰椎间盘突出术后残余神经症状的疗效.方法:腰椎间盘突出术后患者仍有残留神经症状,VAS评分在5分以上的患者46例,分为神经妥乐平组和安慰剂组各23例.神经妥乐平组给予神经妥乐平7.2NU 0.9%NS 100ml静脉点滴,连续10天;安慰剂组患者给予0.9%NS 100ml静脉点滴,连续10天.观察两组患者在术后的疼痛和麻木感变化情况.结果:术后7、14、21、28天两组间疼痛有显著性差异.术后28天时两组的显效率为68.4%、33.2%;有效率为95.6%、55.6%;46例患者中有30例有麻木症状,术后7、14、21、28天两组间麻木有显著性差异,术后28天时两组的显效率分别为50.0%、18.0%;有效率为66.6%、25.0%.结论:神经妥乐平对腰椎间盘突出术后残留的疼痛感和麻木感有缓解的效果.