腰椎间盘突出症5次手术一例

1 病例介绍 患者某某,女,37岁,既往腰椎间盘突出症病史10年,分别经1992年、1995年3次手术治疗,其中1995年第2次手术治疗时不慎致硬膜囊破裂形成脑脊液漏,后形成硬膜外脑脊液囊肿,于第2次手术后15天行第3次手术治疗,术后腰腿疼痛明显缓解.     

经皮内镜椎间孔入路腰椎间盘切除术并发硬脊膜撕裂的综合处理及疗效分析

目的 探讨经皮内镜椎间孔入路腰椎间盘切除术（PETD）治疗腰椎间盘突出症并发硬脊膜撕裂的处理方法及预后。方法 回顾性分析2016年3月至2017年1月采用PETD治疗的236例腰椎间盘突出症的病例资料。结果 236例中,3例发生硬脊膜撕裂,发生率为1.3%(3/236)。2例术中诊断,其中1例术中转为显微镜下修补硬脊膜,1例术中未做处理;1例术后诊断,在显微镜下完成硬脊膜修补。3例随访12个月,末次随访时视觉模拟量表评分从术前8.0分降至1.7分,Oswestry功能障碍指数从82.1%降至17.8%,均无神经功能障碍等后遗症;改良MacNab评分2例为优,1例为良。结论 硬脊膜撕裂是PETD较为少见的并发症,应根据术中和术后情况,采取综合治疗措施,总体预后良好     

Prevalence of Disc Degeneration in Asymptomatic Korean Subjects. Part 2 : Cervical Spine

Objective

Similar to back pain, neck pain has recently shown to have increasing prevalence. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is useful in identifying the causes of neck pain. However, MRI shows not only pathological lesions but also physiological changes at the same time, and there are few Korean data. The authors have attempted to analyze the prevalence of disc degeneration in highly selective asymptomatic Korean subjects using MRI.

Methods

We performed 3 T MRI sagittal scans from C2 to T1 on 102 asymptomatic subjects (50 men and 52 women) who visited our hospital between the ages of 14 and 82 years (mean age 46.3 years). All images were read independently by three observers (two neurosurgeons and one neuroradiologist) who were not given any information about the subjects. We classified grading for cervical disc herniation (HN), annular fissure (AF), and nucleus degeneration (ND), using disc degeneration classification.

Results

The prevalence of HN, AF, and ND were 81.0%, 85.9%, and 95.4%, respectively. High prevalence of HN, AF, and ND was shown compared to previous literature.

Conclusion

In asymptomatic Korean subjects, the abnormal findings of 3 T MRI showed a high prevalence in HN, AF, and ND. Several factors might play important roles in these results, such as population-specific characters, MRI field strength, and disc degeneration grading system.     

NEUROSURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF SPINAL CONDITIONS - AN OVERVIEW*

During 1977-80 the annual number of surgical procedures on the spinal canal and discs has remained in the vicinity of 1800–1900 and fusions have ranged from 682 to 810. Neurosurgical participation in spinal surgery amounted to 18–20% of all spinal procedures. Disc lesion, canal stenosis, spondylosis, congenital and developmental malformations constituted 70% of the total spinal work carried out in a major neurosurgical unit in New South Wales. The above conditions form an ‘overlapping’ field of surgery, the orthopaedic surgeons treating an estimated 80% of these patients. Surgical management by neurosurgeons and orthopaedic surgeons of the same clinical category of spinal patient is different. An estimated one-third of orthopaedic patients are submitted to lumbar fusion. Neurosurgeons avoid fusion in the lumbar region. The need for integrated and sound neurosurgical and orthopaedic methods of management in the overlapping fields of spinal surgery has become imperative. To the neurosurgeon, the outcome of spinal surgery in terms of relevance to the extent of chronic spinal disability in the community has probably become more important than the outcome of craniocerebral surgery in the community. More attention should be given to standards of work in spinal surgery in matters of training, research and quality assurance. A research project by members of the Department of Neurosurgery, The Prince Henry and Prince of Wales Hospitals is outlined. the project is aimed at: (1) summarizing the experience of six neurosurgeons in spinal surgery in terms of results of treatment, indications, timing and surgical techniques; (2) evaluation of the effectiveness of neurological surgery in reduction of permanent disability of spinal causes; (3) definition of the role of neurosurgical techniques and management in overlapping fields of surgery. Participation of neurosurgeons and orthopaedic surgeons in the project is invited.     

Experimental Study on Stress Relaxation and Creep Properties of Human Thoracolumbar Vertebral Bodies and Intervertebral Discs

Objective：Underwater shock can produce extremely high accelerations, resulting in severe human injuries on shipboard, and human thoraco lumbar spines are prone to suffer from injuries by ship shock motion. To observe the viscoelasticity of thoracolumbar of young fresh cadavers, and to provide biomechanical parameters for both research and clinical practice. Materials and Methods：5 fresh young male cadavers （aged 22 to 31 years） were provided, and 15 thoracolumbar spinal anatomies of 5 samples were harvested within 1 hour of death. WE-10A universal testing machine was used for creep and relaxation tests.Results：Stress relaxation and creep deformation equations are derived from the biomechanics model and the measured and simulated curves are compared. The creep in vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs exhibited significantly changes in the first 5 min and 10 min, respectively. The stress rapidly decreased in the first 2 min, and then gradually went balance during the relaxation process. Conclusion：The change in creep rate is significant at early stage,and gradually slows down.This indicates that the differences between internal pressure and local pressure are decreased until balance. The simulated curve derived from equation coincides with the experimental data to a large degree, which states that the equation is rational and reliable.     

Prognostic role of depression after lumbar disc surgery

Abstract. A total of 73 patients underwent microdiscectomy for lumbar disc herniation between September 2001 and May 2002 at the Department of Neurosurgery of the Second University of Naples. Preoperatively and 3 and 6 months after surgery, patients were assessed on the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and on a visual analogue scale (VAS) for the subjective perception of pain. At 3 and 12 months, we found that patients with lower SDS scores (n=41) had a better outcome regarding pain than patients with relevant depressive symptoms (n=32). In agreement with the literature, our results confirm the negative role of depression in outcome after lumbar disc surgery. We emphasize the consideration of psychological factors in the management of lumbar disc herniation.     

电针华佗夹脊穴与椎间孔镜治疗腰椎间盘突出症对比研究

目的:观察电针腰椎华佗夹脊穴与椎间孔镜手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症(LDH)临床疗效。方法:收集187例LDH患者,根据患者意愿分为电针组(n=95)和椎间孔镜组(n=92)。电针组在病变节段患侧选取华佗夹脊穴施以电针治疗,椎间孔镜组则在椎间孔镜系统下行病变节段突出髓核摘除术。比较两组患者VAS、ODI、SF-36量表评分及直腿抬高角度、疗效。结果:治疗后,两组患者VAS、ODI、SF-36评分和直腿抬高角度较治疗前改善(均P<0.05)。治疗后1个月、治疗后3个月,椎间孔镜组VAS、ODI、SF-36评分及直腿抬高角度改善优于电针组(均P<0.05)。治疗后6个月,两组患者VAS、ODI评分比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05),椎间孔镜组直腿抬高角度、SF-36评分改善优于电针组(均P<0.05)。治疗后12个月,两组患者VAS、ODI、SF-36评分及直腿抬高试验比较,无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。治疗后1个月,椎间孔镜组优良率高于电针组(P<0.05); 治疗后12个月,椎间孔镜组优良率与电针组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:电针腰椎华佗夹脊穴与椎间孔镜手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症均有效,可改善临床症状,提高生活质量。椎间孔镜组近期疗效优于电针治疗组,两组远期疗效相近。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术同期干细胞移植治疗冠心病慢性心衰的中期结果

目的利用冠状动脉旁路移植手术同期经冠状动脉桥血管内移植自体骨髓单个核细胞的方法治疗冠心病陈旧性心肌梗死伴慢性心功能不全患者,评价治疗的安全性和中期临床效果。方法选择需要外科手术治疗的冠心病陈旧心梗伴左室功能不全患者,应用冠状动脉旁路移植手术同期经冠状动脉桥血管内移植自体骨髓单个核细胞的治疗方法。评价干细胞移植后左室功能改变、不良事件、生存时间和中期随访情况。结果全组19例患者接受冠状动脉旁路移植术同期经冠状动脉桥血管内移植干细胞治疗。1例术后第3天因脑栓塞死亡。全组患者治疗后早期无心梗发生,无肝、肾功能衰竭,无新发恶性心律失常出现。18例患者平均随访2年全部存活,超声检测左室射血分数上升,心功能和心绞痛症状明显改善并具有统计学意义。结论冠状动脉旁路移植术同期经冠状动脉桥血管内移植自体骨髓单个核细胞治疗冠心病陈旧性心肌梗死的方法是可行的。手术后早、中期随访结果观察,此种治疗是安全的。     

GFP标记干细胞修复椎间盘退变中的示踪研究

目的探讨绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)示踪时效及GFP标记的骨髓间充质干细胞(MSCs)在移植后参与退变修复过程中的细胞增殖情况。方法使用针吸髓核法建立兔的椎间盘退变模型,体外培养MSCs,并用含有绿色荧光蛋白标记的腺病毒载体(Adeno-XTM-GFP)转染,成为GFP标记的MSCs(GFP-MSCs),于造模2周后植入造模的椎间盘内。在移植后第2、4、6、8周用激光共聚焦显微成像技术,观察MSCs的增殖情况,对比GFP本身荧光和免疫荧光的示踪时间。结果非免疫荧光组GFP本身荧光强度能够持续到4周,后较微弱甚至难以辨别;免疫荧光组用FITC荧光二抗标记的GFP-MSCs在8周内都能够持续稳定的显现荧光,4个时间点GFP-MSCs的阳性率的可信区间分别是:2周(14.64±2.05)%;4周(21.85±2.45)%;6周(31.03±4.03)%;8周(36.37±4.42)%。结论GFP-MSCs在椎间盘微环境中能够稳定增殖。若示踪研究需要持续超过4周,则应对GFP行免疫荧光染色,可以使有效示踪时间持续至少8周。     

A patient with thoracic intradural disc herniation

Intradural disc herniation is a rare disease that occurs most commonly in the lumbar region, while fewer than 5% occur in the thoracic and cervical regions. We report a patient with thoracic intradural disc herniation at T12-L1 who presented with radiculopathy and motor weakness. The preoperative MRI did not demonstrate an intradural lesion, and it was identified intraoperatively by inspection and palpation of the thecal sac. The disc was removed, and the patient experienced good neurological recovery and remains pain free 1 year after surgery.