An explanation of the noncorrespondence between assessment methods of cyclosporin

Various methods of determining cyclosporin (CyA) levels in patients after kidney transplantation were compared. These included polyclonal antibody (pcAb-), specific and nonspecific monoclonal antibody (S- and NmcAb-) radioimmunoassays (RIA), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results obtained by the various methods when compared showed some correlation but did not correspond. A probable explanation for part of this noncorrespondence is the presence of monoclonally crossreactive metabolites (CyA-M). Another reason was that the concentration of CyA in the standards supplied with the RIA kits was found to be higher than stated.     

Effect of electric and chemical stimulation of the raphe obscurus on phrenic nerve activity in the cat

The effect of electrical and chemical (l-glutamate) stimulation of the raphe obscurus on phrenic nerve activity was examined in the cat. Phrenic nerve activity was recorded from a C5 nerve root in anesthetized, paralyzed and artificially ventilated cats. Neural discharge was quantitated by integrating the phrenic nerve activity. The respiratory frequency was determined from the integrated nerve signal. Focal electrical stimulation (18–144 μA; 5–40 Hz; 100 μs pulse duration) resulted in significant (P < 0.05) increases in both integrated phrenic nerve (IPN) amplitude and respiratory frequency. These changes were dependent upon current intensity and frequency of stimulation. The largest increases in IPN amplitude and respiratory frequency were47 ± 17%and146 ± 8%, respectively. To insure that the changes in integrated phrenic nerve activity (IPNA) were the result of stimulation of cell bodies and not axons of passage,l-glutamate (100, 200 nmol) was microinjected (100 nl) into the raphe obscurus. Significant (P < 0.05) dose-related changes occurred in integrated phrenic nerve amplitude with an increase of44 ± 13% at 100 nmol and80 ± 13% at 200 nmoll-glutamate. No significant increase in respiratory frequency was observed withl-glutamate microinjection. The results suggest that the raphe obscurus may be involved in respiratory control.     

个性化护理干预对妇科恶性肿瘤手术后生活质量的影响

[目的]探讨个性化护理干预对妇科恶性肿瘤手术后生活质量的影响。[方法]将46例在我科因妇科恶性肿瘤手术的患者随机分为实验组和对照组，通过实施个性化护理干预，对两组患者进行SF-36量表和Olson婚姻质量问卷进行测评。[结果]对妇科恶性肿瘤手术后患者进行个性化护理干预后其生活质量明显提高，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01）。[结论]个性化护理干预能提高妇科恶性肿瘤手术后生活质量。     

25例产道血肿及其预后的临床分析

目的：探讨产道血肿形成的病因，临床处理及预后。方法：选取2001年8月至2006年8月阴道分娩的4000例产妇，其中25例发生产道血肿，对其进行回顾性分析，通过分析其病因，临床处理及转归，对该病的预防，诊治经验和教训进行总结评价。结果：产道血肿的发生率为0．625％，经过积极有效的处理，25例发生产道血肿的产妇均痊愈。结论：分娩过程中，应仔细询问产妇病史，对存在有可能发生出血倾向的高危孕妇应严密观察，争取做到早发现；而已发生血肿的产妇，应针对不同病因早治疗，以改善产妇的预后。     

肝钳与肝门阻断的肝损害及其防治的实验研究

本实验观察不同阻断时刻肝钳与肝门阻断的肝损害以及预防性应用抗氧化剂的缓解作用。结果表明：（１）ＳＧＰＴ、ＴＢ在肝钳组的变化比肝门阻断组表现得更为一过性。而肝门阻断给药组的改变要比非给药组的轻微且恢复得快。（２）肝门阻断时，ＭＤＡ含量显著升高，机体的Ｔ－ＡＯＣ和ＳＯＤ下降。而给药组可明显减轻上述改变。（３）随着肝门阻断时间的延长，肝组织损害也相应加重，抗氧化剂的给予缓解了肝缺血和再灌注造成的组织损害。肝钳组由于健肝血供未受干扰，因此，不同阻断时刻肝组织学形态与对照组相似无甚改变。结论：（１）肝钳较肝门阻断的肝损害轻，且实用安全。（２）肝门阻断预防性使用抗氧化剂，可明显减轻肝缺血再灌注损害。（３）肝门阻断时经门静脉较外周静脉输注抗氧化剂，其保护作用更直接、明显     

酞丁安对映体合成及其抗单纯疱疹病毒活性评价

酞丁安(3-酞酰亚胺-2-氧-正丁醛双缩氨硫脲,TDA)是药物研究所创制的抗病毒新药。为了研究其对映异构体(R),(S)-TDA对病毒活性及毒性是否有差异,并与消旋酞丁安(RS)-TDA的抗病毒活性及毒性进行比较,本文分别用已知构型的(R)-与(S)-丙氨酸为原料,通过缩合等6步反应,得到光学活性的(R)-,(S)-TDA,并与外消旋酞丁安比较其抗病毒活性及毒性。三者的抗单纯疱疹病毒活性与对细胞的毒性差别不大,说明消旋酞丁安临床使用是安全有效的。     

中西医结合治疗胫腓骨开放性骨折82例

对８２例胫腓骨开放性骨折，采用中西医结合治疗收到良好效果，治疗中主张在彻底清创的基础上使开放性骨折变为闭合性骨折，外固定时要求患者呈坐位，让伤肢自然下垂悬空，利用肢体的垂直重力作用使骨折正确复位，再根据具体情况进行有效的外固定。少用内固定，在用药方面，根据骨折治疗的不同时期采用中西药结合的辨证论治，同时强调早期进行功能锻炼。     

Select types of supporting cell in the inner ear express aquaporin-4 water channel protein

Aquaporins (AQPs) confer a high water permeability on cell membranes and play important parts in secretory and absorptive epithelia in kidney and other organs. Here we investigate whether AQPs are expressed in the sensory epithelia of the inner ear, where a precise volume regulation is crucial. By use of specific antibodies it was found that the inner ear contains AQP1 and 4 while being devoid of detectable levels of AQP2, 3 or 5. Immunofluorescence and postembedding immunogold labelling revealed a strictly non-epithelial distribution of AQP1, confirming previous data. In contrast, AQP4 protein and mRNA (visualized by in situ hybridization) were concentrated in select types of supporting cell, including Hensen's cells and inner sulcus cells. Immunogold particles signalling AQP4 were confined to the basolateral plasma membrane of Hensen's cells and to the basal plasma membrane of Claudius cells and inner sulcus cells. AQP4 was also found in supporting cells of the vestibular end organs, but was absent from transitional epithelial cells and dark cells. Strong labelling for AQP4 and AQP4-mRNA was associated with the central part of the cochlear and vestibular nerves. Hair cells were consistently unlabelled. Our findings indicate that AQP4 may facilitate osmotically driven water fluxes in the sensory epithelia of the inner ear and thus contribute to the volume and ion homeostasis at these sites.     

The Effects of Serum from Patients with Acute Liver Failure on the Growth and Metabolism of Hep G2 Cells

In many bioartificial liver systems currently being designed and evaluated for use in fulminant hepatic failure, direct contact is required between the patient's blood and the liver cells in the device. The efficacy of such devices will be influenced by the interaction of fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) patient serum with the cells. We have found that FHF serum inhibits the growth rate and the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein; disturbs glutathione homeostasis; and induces morphological changes in cultured human Hep G2 cells. These interactions should influence the design of bioartificial liver devices based on proliferating cell lines and indicate the requirement to pretreat FHF patient plasma to reduce the toxin load.