通道下肌间隙入路腰椎固定融合术并发神经损伤的原因及预防

目的总结通道下肌间隙入路腰椎固定融合术并发神经损伤的特点,分析损伤原因并提出预防措施。方法武警浙江省总队医院2012年6月—2015年12月由同一组医师采用通道下肌间隙入路固定融合术治疗的腰椎病变患者277例,其中9例出现神经损伤(男4例、女5例),年龄42~78岁,平均56.7岁。腰丛损伤1例,马尾神经损伤1例,神经根损伤7例。手术操作损伤3例,螺钉位置不正确损伤2例,血肿压迫2例,混合因素1例,原因不明1例。予非手术治疗5例,再次手术4例。结果 9例患者随访9~36个月,平均22.5个月。末次随访时,手术操作直接损伤的3例中2例部分恢复,1例完全恢复;2例椎弓根螺钉位置不正确所致的神经根损伤完全恢复;2例血肿压迫所致神经损伤者1例完全恢复,另1例大部分恢复;混合因素导致马尾神经损伤的1例患者部分恢复;损伤原因不明的1例完全恢复。结论通道下肌间隙入路腰椎固定融合术的神经并发症以神经根损伤多见。神经损伤有显露和手术方式的客观原因,但术者的操作可能是更主要的因素。术前应严格选择病例、术中操作要谨慎细致,以预防神经损伤的发生。     

Endovascular Stent Placement for Cervical Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysm Causing Cerebral Embolism: Usefulness of Neuroradiological Evaluation

Summary  We present a case of a cervical internal carotid artery aneurysm that caused cerebral embolism. This lesion was supposed to be a dissecting aneurysm due to blunt neck injury. The large aneurysm with intramural thrombus was treated with endovascular placement of a balloon-expandable stent. Both CT and MRI were useful for evaluating the size and characteristics of the aneurysmal wall. Intravascular ultrasound imaging was also useful for evaluation of the satisfactory stent deployment and identification of the neck of the aneurysm. We disscuss effectiveness of endovascular stenting for cervical internal carotid artery aneurysm with intramural thrombus and the usefulness of a combination of the neuroradiological imaging before, during and after the interventional procedure.     

腓骨钩钢板治疗Danis-WeberA／B型踝关节不稳定骨折的疗效分析

目的观察用腓骨钩钢板治疗Danis—WeberA／B型踝关节不稳定骨折的临床疗效。方法2009年4月至2011年9月,对30例伴有腓骨远端粉碎性骨折的踝部骨折行切开复位内固定术;受伤至接受手术的时间为8h～18d。手术顺序为外踝、内踝和后踝。外踝骨折使用腓骨钩状钢板固定,内踝骨折使用可吸收螺钉固定,后踝骨折根据骨折块大小及形态使用螺钉或钢板固定。术后石膏托外固定。结果术后随访10-36个月,平均23．45个月。术后4～6周x线片均可见骨折线模糊;30例患者于术后12周达到临床愈合,伤口均I期愈合,无一例发生感染、局部不良反应及踝关节不稳。AOFAS踝与后足评分平均为90分（65～95分）,优14例,良13例,可2例,差1例,优良率为90％。结论使用腓骨钩钢板治疗Danis—WeberA／B型踝关节不稳定骨折内固定的牢靠度高,手术创伤小,操作简单方便,能维持关节稳定性,可早期、大范围地活动踝关节,有利于踝关节功能恢复。     

Clinical Importance of Duplication of Internal Jugular Vein

Duplication of internal jugular vein (IJV) is rare. It is the larger channel draining the cranial cavity. We encountered duplication of the IJV while cervical node clearance in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of left margin of the tongue. IJV divides into two parts anterior and posterior after descending about 2.5 cm from the jugular foramen. IJV is an important landmark in neck surgery. Knowledge of its variations is essential to avoid complications during surgery and to avoid misinterpretation in CT angiography.     

Study of mycotoxin calibration approaches on the example of trichothecenes analysis from flour

The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of different calibration approaches in trichothecenes analysis from wheat flour. Concretely eight trichothecenes (five type B trichothecenes and three type A trichothecenes) were analyzed by matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). In the first set of experiments the presence of matrix effects was evaluated; values ranged between 59% and 79%. In the second set of experiments, solutions to compensate these signal suppressions were examined. Different calibration methods showed to tackle matrix effects obtaining values between 69% and 85% for external matrix matched calibration and values from 76% to 111% and from 78% to 108% by analog and deuterated internal standard calibrations, respectively. Trueness of the method was studied using quality control material and certificated reference material (DON 1062 ± 110 μg kg⁻¹). The values were compared by matrix-matched, analog internal standard (deepoxydeoxynivalenol (DOM-1)) and deuterated internal standard (DON-d₁).     

侧卧位徒手气道开放置胃管法在重症脑卒中患者的应用

目的探讨适用于重症急性脑卒中昏迷伴舌后坠、颅内压增高患者的胃管置入方法。方法将90例重症急性脑卒中昏迷患者分为3组各30例,观察组采用侧卧位徒手开放气道法,对照1组采用侧卧位置管法,对照2组采用侧卧位拉舌法,比较3组患者1次置管成功情况、不良反应程度和舌损伤情况。结果1次置管成功率,观察组高于对照1组（P<0.01）,与对照2组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;不良反应程度,观察组低于对照2组（P<0.01）,与对照1组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;舌损伤情况,观察组低于对照2组（P<0.05）,与对照1组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论侧卧位徒手气道开放置胃管法,用于重症脑卒中昏迷伴舌后坠、颅内压增高患者,成功率高、刺激小、损伤轻,值得临床推广。     

跟骨接骨板内固定治疗跟骨碎折

目的 总结46例62侧跟骨碎折采用跟骨接骨板内固定治疗的临床疗效.方法 该组病人均采用骨折切开复位跟骨接骨板内固定的方法进行治疗.术前常规拍X线平片及CT片,对骨折的情况进行评估,伤后7～10天待肿胀消退后再进行手术.术中在“C“行臂X线机透视下进行复位,固定.术后常规治疗、护理,定期随访.结果 46例62侧骨折全部愈合,无跟骨感染的发生.经过随访,其中21例术后出现距下关节僵直及行走时距下关节不同程度的疼痛,可能与距下关节面碎折严重有关.结论 跟骨接骨板内固定治疗跟骨碎折有较好的疗效.     

新型实验性颈内动脉虹吸段模型的建立

目的建立用于测试颅内支架性能的颈内动脉虹吸段动物模型。方法使用快速原型及脱蜡技术建立6只颈内动脉虹吸段约束装置。手术暴露并游离6只犬双侧颈总动脉。左侧颈总动脉近端暂时性夹闭,远端结扎并沿结扎点近侧切断。右侧颈总动脉远端暂时性夹闭,近端结扎并沿结扎点远侧切断。左侧颈总动脉近侧段穿过塑型装置,并与右侧颈总动脉远侧游离段端端吻合。术后1、2周、1个月血管造影,视觉评估虹吸段模型形态,血管通畅,吻合口狭窄及附壁血栓形成情况。结果所有实验犬均能耐受手术,无一只死亡或出现神经功能障碍。建模平均手术时间90min。术后1、2周、1个月血管造影,显示虹吸段模型空间结构与其人体原形高度相似,2例发生吻合口狭窄,1例吻合口附壁血栓形成。所有模型虹吸段随访中均保持通畅。结论采用体外约束装置,手术建立虹吸段模型切实可行,该模型具有高度可重复性、可靠性,可用于测试神经血管内材料。     

CT椎间盘造影对腰椎间盘内破裂的诊断价值

目的探讨CT腰椎间盘造影术(CTD)对腰椎间盘内破裂(IDD)的诊断价值。方法对CT或MRI检查无腰椎间盘突出征象的32例慢性下腰痛患者的42个腰椎间盘行CT椎间盘造影术,制订CTD的分型,分析CTD分型、对比剂注射剂量与诱发疼痛的关系。结果CTD显示椎间盘内破裂可分为4型,CTD分型、对比剂注射剂量与诱发疼痛具有相关性,阳性和阴性椎间盘病变间对比剂平均注射剂量具有明显差异(t=4.612,P<0.01)。结论CT腰椎间盘造影术能定性诊断腰椎间盘内破裂,与普通腰椎间盘造影术比较,CTD能够提供更多的基础诊断资料。     

Endovascular Treatment of the Internal Iliac Artery in Peripheral Arterial Disease

In patients with peripheral arterial disease not much is known about the relationship between the localization of the pain and the localization of arterial occlusions in the iliac arteries. Occlusions high in the iliac arteries are assumed to be able to induce pain in the buttocks and upper leg as well as pain in the calves. Several case reports show that the symptoms of arteriosclerotic lesions in the internal iliac artery are often atypical and not easy to diagnose. In this report, 3 patients with internal iliac artery occlusions who were treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) are described. One patient had isolated pain in the buttock region. In the other 2 patients the initial pain was focused on the buttock region with extension to the calves during exercise. After PTA, 2 patients were free of symptoms, while in the other patient the symptoms improved but did not disappear. Future research should clarify the relation between certain arterial occlusions and the location of the pain.