扩大经蝶入路进入海绵窦内侧腔的应用显微解剖

目的为临床开展扩大经蝶入路进入海绵窦内侧腔手术提供解剖学依据。方法用50例成人头颅标本．在显微镜下对蝶窦外侧壁、蝶鞍、海绵窦及周围结构进行解剖学观察并测量。模拟扩大经蝶入路磨除海绵窦腹侧骨质，切开海绵窦内侧壁，显露海绵窦内侧腔。结果颈内动脉（ICA）明显隆起于蝶窦侧壁的占58％，蝶窦内隆起呈管型占3％。鞍底硬膜分为2层，海绵窦内侧壁的上部南垂体硬膜构成，无骨性结构支撑；下部由骨周硬膜构成，有蝶窦侧壁骨质支撑。两侧海绵窦内侧壁的距离为（14．8±2．7）mm。海绵窦内侧腔位于C4段ICA与垂体之间，腔内为丰富的静脉丛，最宽可达7mm，但常因ICA扭曲而闭塞。无颅神经穿越海绵窦内侧腔，ICA是扩大经蝶入路探查海绵窦遇到的第一个主要结构。结论扩大经蝶入路进入海绵窦内侧腔是安全可行的。     

Skull base surgery for malignancy: when not to operate

The purpose of this paper is to detail the contraindications for surgery, with curative intent for those patients who suffer from a head and neck malignancy that invades the intracranial space. This is based on a 30-year experience of over 250 patients. The most important contraindications are anatomical. Surgery is not done if the following structures are invaded: brain stem, eloquent portions of the cerebrum, superior sagittal sinus, both internal carotid arteries, both cavernous sinuses and certain vital bridging veins. Certain tumor factors are absolute but are occasionally relative contraindications: such as distant metastatic disease especially if multiple and at multiple anatomic sites. Some tumors that behave in a particularly virulent fashion that defy complete resection but are often difficult to predict preoperatively. Lack of patient medical fitness or absence of patient commitment to the operative procedure is make-up two serious contraindications to surgery. Presented at the 77th Annual Meeting of the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, 24–28 May 2006, Mannheim, Germany.     

The mechanical and morphological properties of bone beneath internal fixation plates of differing rigidity

The internal fixation of diaphyseal fractures by bone plates is a well recognized treatment. The normal physiological stress of bone is reduced by plates that cause a negative balance of bone-remodeling processes. Many investigators have shown that the degree of stress protection is dependent on the rigidity of the plates. It was the aim of this study to quantify mechanical and morphological changes at different locations in a plated diaphyseal bone as a function of differing plate rigidity. Two types of plates with the same size but different materials were used. The stainless steel plates had a modulus of elasticity and bending stiffness 3.2 times higher than the carbon fiber reinforced carbon plates. Both types of plates were applied to the intact right and left femora of six foxhounds for 6 months. The stiffer stainless steel plates led to a significantly higher bone loss and correspondingly greater loss of mechanical properties. These effects were greatest directly beneath the plate and less with increasing distance from the plate.     

肩胛骨颈部骨折合并肱骨头脱位的外科治疗

目的　探讨肩胛骨颈部骨折合并肱骨头脱位或半脱位的解剖学基础及外科治疗方法。方法　 1 992年 7月～ 2 0 0 1年 1 1月收治肩胛骨颈部骨折合并肱骨头脱位或半脱位 7例。骨折部位 :解剖颈骨折 2例 ,其中 1例合并喙突骨折 ;外科颈骨折 5例 ,合并肩胛冈骨折 2例 ,合并体部骨折 1例。 7例中合并肱骨头脱位 1例 ,合并肱骨头半脱位 6例 ,7例均行切开复位 ,钢板螺丝钉内固定术。结果　本组随访时间为 1个月～ 8年 ,7例肩胛骨颈部骨折愈合时间在 6～ 9周。 6例术后功能恢复优良。结论肩胛骨颈部构造特殊 ,手术切开复位内固定适用于不稳定性骨折 ,钢板螺丝钉可有效地对骨折进行固定     

ARRIF-Ⅲ型的研制、生物力学测试及临床初步应用

目的　研制一种新型腰椎滑脱复位内固定器 ,在此内固定器固定后 ,能方便地平行置入两枚BAK ;同时测试RF Ⅱ型及ARRIF Ⅲ型的生物力学特点。方法　使用对照法 ,10具健康成年人腰2 ～骶2 椎体标本 ,制成腰椎滑脱模型 ,用生物力学测试机测试RF Ⅱ型及ARRIF Ⅲ型固定后的脊柱标本复合物的应力遮挡及应力 应变。结果　 30 0 0N轴向载荷下及 2 0Nm前屈与侧弯力矩下RF Ⅱ型和ARRIF Ⅲ型的应力遮挡及应力 应变均有显著差异 ,但其绝对值较小。ARRIF Ⅲ型的临床初步应用取得了满意的效果。结论　两种内固定器的固定效果均较好 ,但RF Ⅱ型在固定后的即刻 ,有较显著的微动 ;ARRIF Ⅲ型在复位固定后可较方便地同时置入两枚BAK。ARRIF Ⅲ型可用于Ⅰ°～Ⅲ°的椎体滑脱症的复位与固定     

Grose-Kempf 带锁髓内钉在股骨干骨折中的应用

作者从１９８８～１９９５年末用Ｇｒｏｓｅ－ｋｅｍｐｆ钉（简称ＧＫ钉）治疗股骨干骨折４９例（５０个股骨），其中新鲜骨折２９例（３０个股骨），陈旧性骨折１６例，病理骨折４例。外伤性骨折４５例中，随访半年以上４３例，骨折全部愈合，下肢功能及关节活动良好。４例病理骨折，其中３例术后分别存活１６个月、１８个月、２４个月，另１例为成骨不全，术后患肢功能较健侧无差别。ＧＫ钉扩大了髓内钉手术适应证，可用于股骨干的粉碎性骨折、多发性骨折、陈旧性骨折不愈合及病理性骨折。对于合并脑干损伤、血管损伤、骨筋膜室综合征的股骨干骨折，用ＧＫ钉固定，获得了理想的治疗效果。     

Chronic occupational exposure to organic solvents

Summary Twenty-two persons (20 men and 2 women) were examined for their external and internal exposure to the glycol ether 1-methoxypropan-2-ol (PGME) during the production, leak testing and mounting of brake-hoses. For the measurement of external exposure, personal air monitoring was the method of choice. Average concentrations of PGME of 82.2 mg/m³ (22.3 ppm), 68.6 mg/m³ (18.6 ppm) and 11.3 mg/m³ (3.1 ppm) were found in the air of the brakehose production, leak test and mounting areas, respectively. For the estimation of internal exposure to PGME, this glycol ether was measured in both urine and blood. The biological samples were taken post-shift. The highest internal exposure levels were found in the brakehose production section and in the leak test area. The average post-shift concentrations for PGME in workers in the brakehose production section were 4.6 mg/l in urine and 13.5 mg/l in blood; the corresponding figures for workers in the leak test area were 4.2 mg/l in urine and 11.0 mg/l in blood. In blood and urine samples of workers engaged in the mounting area, PGME levels were below the detection limits. The elimination kinetics of PGME were also studied in three highly exposed persons, and mean excretion half-lives of PGME of approximately 4.4 h were found. On the basis of our results we made a rough calculation of a future biological tolerance value: we would except that concentrations of 38-109 mg per litre of blood and 10–31 mg per litre of urine would correspond to the German MAK value for PGME (375 mg/m³).     

应用显微外科技术治疗脊髓型颈椎病疗效分析

目的：探讨应用显微外科技术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的方法及疗效。方法：2003年1月～2004年10月对39例脊髓型颈椎病患者经颈前入路应用显微外科技术切除椎间盘、突出的髓核及骨赘．全部操作均在显微镜（10x）放大监视下应用高速磨钻、显微器械、1mm枪式椎板咬骨钳及微型刮匙配合进行。充分减压后作自体髂骨移植及钛板固定。结果：术中失血量平均每节段为80ml，术后咽喉部牵拉反应较轻．无并发症，33例患者术后症状即刻改善，2例术后3个月开始改善，4例术后6个月症状改善。无神经症状加重病例。经12～24个月随访，JOA评分由术前平均9．5分增加至13．4分，平均改善率为75．6％，影像学证实减压充分。椎体间植骨均愈合良好。结论：经颈前路应用显微外科技术治疗脊髓型颈椎病可明显提高组织分辨能力，操作精细．手术创伤小．提高了手术的安全性．疗效确切。     

直肠黏膜高位柱状注射治疗直肠黏膜脱垂性便秘(附38例报告)

目的:探讨消痔灵注射在直肠内脱垂治疗中的临床应用及改良方法.方法:对38例直肠内脱垂患者行消痔灵直肠黏膜高位柱状注射治疗的临床资料进行分析总结.结果:术后随访1～24个月,治愈28例(占73.7%),好转7例(占18.4%),总有效率达92.1%.结论:消痔灵直肠黏膜高位柱状注射治疗直肠内脱垂具有操作简单、疗效可靠、并发症少、费用低廉的优点.