Osteoporotic ankle fractures: A narrative review of management options

The management of Osteoporotic ankle fractures is still considered to be a challenge by many surgeons. One of the issues seems to be a lack of data focused on this special subgroup, with very little evidence of good quality. We did a narrative review of the literature in an attempt to identify the magnitude of the problem and to evaluate the evidence in support of management options.The current review of the literature has brought to light some interesting facts. Despite limited data there seems to be an in increase in the incidence of these fractures. Although we could not demonstrate any clear distinction between geriatric and osteoporotic ankle fractures from the available literature; it is clear that all geriatric fractures are not necessarily osteoporotic and neither is the reverse true. The evidence to associate osteoporotic ankle fractures with poor outcomes is weak, and factors other than osteoporosis may have a stronger influence. From this analysis, we could not establish a higher incidence of implant failure for this specific fracture group, although many modifications in technique have been proposed due to the fear of fixation failure. Hook plating and Tibia-pro fibula fixation have weak evidence in support, but posterior fibular plating is preferred due to soft tissue protection. There is weak evidence in support of Locking plates for these fractures, as publications focused on this are limited; nevertheless some advantages have been documented. Augmentation by calcium based bone graft substitutes has been reported to improve pull out strengths of screws, but again the evidence of its role in Osteoportic fractures is limited. Fibular nailing has been proposed with specific advantages in osteoporotic fibular fractures, but the concept is new and it is indicated only in a select a subgroup of cases. Some evidence exists for the use of trans-articular nails in geriatric subgroups with limited pre-injury mobility, but the technique has to be used with caution to prevent other complications.InferenceMore data needs to be accumulated before clear guidelines for management of osteoporotic ankle factures are defined; however the current literature supports the need for modifications in standard ankle facture fixation methods to improve outcomes.     

锁定钢板联合带锁髓内钉治疗胫骨多段骨折

正2008年2月~2014年7月,我科采用锁定钢板联合带锁髓内钉治疗22例胫骨多段骨折患者,疗效满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组22例,男13例,女9例,年龄25~64岁。均为闭合骨折,多节段骨折。12例为胫骨上段并胫骨中段骨折,10例为胫骨平台并胫骨中段骨折。受伤至手术时间为2~17 d。1.2治疗方法硬膜外麻醉。膝关节外侧入路,弧形切口,长约5 cm,胫骨骨     

股骨近端抗旋髓内钉治疗老年股骨转子间骨折

正2014年6月~2015年6月,我科采用股骨近端抗旋髓内钉(PFNA)治疗24例老年股骨转子间骨折患者,疗效满意,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组24例,男9例,女15例,年龄60~85(69.6±5.7)岁。骨折按Evans-Jensen分型:Ⅰ型2例,Ⅱ型5例,Ⅲ型11例,Ⅳ型6例。入院至手术时间2~10(6±2.3)d。1.2治疗方法患者入院后予以患肢股骨髁上牵引,早期行低分子肝素皮下注射结合患肢主动踝泵锻炼,高血压、高血糖患者术前调整血压、血糖等。手术采用全身麻醉或腰硬联合麻醉。在C     

Treatment of ingrown nail with a special device composed of shape‐memory alloy

Ingrown nail is a common nail problem resulting in pain and disability in daily life. Recently, a new treatment modality for an ingrown nail was reported that used a device composed of shape‐memory alloy, K‐D. The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy, recurrence rate and complications of K‐D. Between June 2010 and September 2012, 24 patients (31 nails) underwent treatment of symptomatic incurved nails with a K‐D. Patients were evaluated at pretreatment and during every visit. The mean age of the patients involved was 43.4 years. The mean period of follow up was 161 days. The mean maintenance period was 41 days. The right first toenail was the most common site. Almost ingrown nails healed and the nail deformity was corrected after the procedure. Among the 31 nails, seven of the ingrown nails recurred during follow up (22.6% recurrence rate). The recurrence rate of the patients with stage 1, 2 and 3 ingrown nails was 22.2%, 33.3% and 14.2%, respectively. The majority of patients were very satisfied. There were no side‐effects in most patients except loss of nail in one patient. K‐D has some advantages such as simple application steps, no deformity after the procedure, high patient satisfaction and obvious effect compared to other non‐invasive and invasive methods.     

Surgical management of ingrown toenails – an update overdue

For decades, every year sees a wide number of articles about treatment of ingrown toenails. There is still a debate about the cause of this painful condition. Surgical treatments rely on two main approaches: either narrowing the nail plate or debulking the soft tissues. It is up to the surgeon to select the most appropriate approach in each case. All procedures cited in this article have high cure rates as long as they are properly performed. As with all surgical procedures, they are operator dependent. Chemical cautery is the easiest and most versatile technique that may help in almost all instances for lateral ingrowing. For distal embedding and very hypertrophic and exuberant lateral folds, debulking with secondary intention healing is the most effective and easy to perform, with great results.     

骨不连治疗的研究与技术应用进展*

背景：骨不连是骨折晚期常见的临床问题，数十年来，在各种新式内外固定材料、普及的显微外科技术、创新的植骨材料，尤其是分子生物学技术的全面帮助下，骨不连的治疗取得了突破性进展。
　　目的：总结骨不连治疗的研究进展，为以后更好地治疗骨不连提供技术理论和方法选择。
　　方法：由第一作者运用计算机检索系统检索1990年1月至2013年5月发表的有关骨不连原因及治疗方法的文献，以“fracture nonunion，treatment，progress”或“骨不连，治疗方法，进展”为检索词。同一领域则选择近期发表或者发表在权威杂志的文章。
　　结果与结论：排除重复性研究及时间跨度大的文献，从检索结果中共选择了48篇文章进一步分析。骨不连治疗手段主要有两种：非手术方式和手术方式，目前临床上以手术方式为主且高效。骨折愈合是多环节参与的复杂过程，一旦骨不连发生，应具体问题具体分析，根据患者的实际情况采取个体化治疗原则，重视软组织的保护，必要时联合运用多种手术及非手术方法，才能取得满意的疗效。     

Treatment of pediatric femoral shaft fractures with titanium elastic nails–our experience

Management of femoral diaphyseal fractures in the age group of 6-16 years is controversial. There has been a resurgence worldwide for operative fixation in general and TENS (titanium elastic nailing system) in particular.We performed a retrospective review of pediatric femoral fractures treated by TENS. The data was collected from cases operated between July 2007 and June 2010 at Sohar Hospital, Oman.We had treated 16 children (14 boys and 2 girls) with TENS for femoral shaft fractures. The mean age was 12.5 years (range 7-16 years) and mean hospital stay was 7.6 days (range 4-15 days). All fractures were radio-graphically united at a mean of 7.5 weeks (range 5-10 weeks). The nails were removed in 14 children after a mean of 22 weeks (range 6-38 weeks) postoperatively. At follow-up, we had found leg length discrepancy of 1 cm in one child and 10° of internal rotational deformity in another. No angular deformity had occurred.Titanium elastic nailing seems to be a safe and effective method for the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in children between 7 and 16 years of age.     

髓内钉InterTan与重建钉治疗股骨近端骨折的临床疗效

目的：探究髓内钉InterTan与重建钉治疗股骨近端骨折的疗效。方法资料随机选取2013年6月—2014年6月该院收治的135例股骨近端骨折患者,随机分为研究组68例,对照组67例。对照组行股骨近端重建钉治疗,研究组行髓内钉InterTan治疗,分析两组治疗效果。结果研究组术中出血量（228.65±28.42）mL、住院时间（16.53±5.68）d 及完全负重时间（6.75±1.49）d均优于对照组的（325.57±54.28）mL、（23.62±7.26）d与（10.82±1.93）d,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;术后研究组髋关节Harris评分（93.63±4.45）分高于对照组（80.24±4.88）分,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论髓内钉InterTan较之股骨近端重建钉治疗疗效确切,可显著改善股骨近端骨折患者髋关节功能。