Innovative information visualization of electronic health record data: a systematic review

Objective This study investigates the use of visualization techniques reported between 1996 and 2013 and evaluates innovative approaches to information visualization of electronic health record (EHR) data for knowledge discovery.Methods An electronic literature search was conducted May–July 2013 using MEDLINE and Web of Knowledge, supplemented by citation searching, gray literature searching, and reference list reviews. General search terms were used to assure a comprehensive document search.Results Beginning with 891 articles, the number of articles was reduced by eliminating 191 duplicates. A matrix was developed for categorizing all abstracts and to assist with determining those to be excluded for review. Eighteen articles were included in the final analysis.Discussion Several visualization techniques have been extensively researched. The most mature system is LifeLines and its applications as LifeLines2, EventFlow, and LifeFlow. Initially, research focused on records from a single patient and visualization of the complex data related to one patient. Since 2010, the techniques under investigation are for use with large numbers of patient records and events. Most are linear and allow interaction through scaling and zooming to resize. Color, density, and filter techniques are commonly used for visualization.Conclusions With the burgeoning increase in the amount of electronic healthcare data, the potential for knowledge discovery is significant if data are managed in innovative and effective ways. We identify challenges discovered by previous EHR visualization research, which will help researchers who seek to design and improve visualization techniques.     

Automated clinical trial eligibility prescreening: increasing the efficiency of patient identification for clinical trials in the emergency department

Objectives (1) To develop an automated eligibility screening (ES) approach for clinical trials in an urban tertiary care pediatric emergency department (ED); (2) to assess the effectiveness of natural language processing (NLP), information extraction (IE), and machine learning (ML) techniques on real-world clinical data and trials.Data and methods We collected eligibility criteria for 13 randomly selected, disease-specific clinical trials actively enrolling patients between January 1, 2010 and August 31, 2012. In parallel, we retrospectively selected data fields including demographics, laboratory data, and clinical notes from the electronic health record (EHR) to represent profiles of all 202795 patients visiting the ED during the same period. Leveraging NLP, IE, and ML technologies, the automated ES algorithms identified patients whose profiles matched the trial criteria to reduce the pool of candidates for staff screening. The performance was validated on both a physician-generated gold standard of trial–patient matches and a reference standard of historical trial–patient enrollment decisions, where workload, mean average precision (MAP), and recall were assessed.Results Compared with the case without automation, the workload with automated ES was reduced by 92% on the gold standard set, with a MAP of 62.9%. The automated ES achieved a 450% increase in trial screening efficiency. The findings on the gold standard set were confirmed by large-scale evaluation on the reference set of trial–patient matches.Discussion and conclusion By exploiting the text of trial criteria and the content of EHRs, we demonstrated that NLP-, IE-, and ML-based automated ES could successfully identify patients for clinical trials.     

基于学生需求的医学文献检索课教学改革

结合学生意见和建议,总结分析了医学文献检索课教学中存在的问题,针对这些问题提出了改进教学硬件设备、改变教学方式、开通多种课后答疑和辅导途径、强化学生的信息技能、完善课程考核形式等改革措施。     

四川省基层医疗卫生机构管理信息系统与县级区域卫生信息平台数据交换的设计与实现

为实现基层医疗卫生机构管理信息系统与县级区域卫生信息平台的数据交换,保证公民都享有基本医疗卫生服务,提高公众健康水平,以四川省卫生信息交换服务网络为依托,按照标准的医疗CDA文档格式,设计和构建了四川省基层医疗卫生机构管理信息系统。     

试谈应对突发公共卫生事件的医学图书馆工作

从突发公共卫生事件的概念与特点出发,分析医学图书馆为突发公共卫生事件服务的优势和可能,并提出医学图书馆积极应对突发公共卫生事件的措施与对策,如建立健全应急预案和服务机制、培养主动超前的服务意识、建立专题数据库、密切相关单位的沟通联系、加强网络的建设和维护、加强馆员队伍的素质建设等。     

医学院校信息管理与信息系统专业毕业论文撰写的教学模式

介绍了现阶段卫生信息化建设的人才需求、医学院校信息管理与信息系统专业毕业的就业形势和毕业论文撰写教学的重要性,重点分析了毕业论文撰写教学存在的问题,并以蚌埠医学院为例,有针对性地提出了具体改进措施,构建了基于成长性评价思想的新型毕业论文撰写教学模式。     

泛在知识环境下用户认知对信息检索行为的影响

泛在知识环境给用户认知和信息检索带来巨大挑战,分析了人格特质、认知风格、认知能力、知识结构、归因方式等认知因素对用户检索行为的影响,指出了泛在知识环境刺激下,不同认知影响着检索实施、结果评判和吸收倾向,进而影响用户满意度和持续使用倾向。从信息检索教育、信息服务、信息用户角度建议应该利用认知优势及检索技能制定有效检索策略,在知识同化中完善个人知识体系。     

信息技术基础架构库服务管理系统在专科医院的应用

概述了信息技术基础架构库(ITIL)的基本情况,从运维管理、事件管理、任务管理、问题管理等方面介绍了ITIL服务管理流程及其在北京妇产医院的应用,并对应用效果进行了评述,对存在的问题提出了建议。     

“985工程”高校图书馆新生专栏的建设现状与建议

鉴于图书馆新生专栏建设的重要性,选取了39所"985工程"高校图书馆网站作为样本,调研图书馆新生专栏建设情况,发现共有15所高校图书馆网站开设了新生专栏,分析了这些高校图书馆网站新生专栏的位置、内容和形式等特点,介绍了清华大学图书馆、上海交通大学图书馆、中山大学图书馆等典型的新生专栏案例,并对图书馆新生专栏栏目设置、内容、形式等提出了相关建议。     

数字化医院信息安全建设与管理策略探讨

信息安全是数字化医院建设的关键环节,决定着以信息化为手段的医院各项业务的顺利开展。随着医院信息化建设的不断深入,信息安全问题的日益凸显,构建立体化的医院安全体系,注重日常安全防范,不断提升自身安全管理水平是医院信息化建设与管理的重中之重。