生姜有效部位对实验性高脂血症大鼠血管内皮的保护作用

目的:观察生姜有效部位(EPZ)对高脂血症大鼠血管内皮形态学改变及血清白细胞介素6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的影响,探讨其保护血管内皮的机制。方法:以高脂饲料喂养大鼠,造成高脂血症模型,同时每天灌服生姜有效部位(主要成分为姜辣素及挥发油)200 mg/kg、400 mg/kg、800 mg/kg,连续13 w。取血,放射免疫法测定血清中IL-6、TNF-α的水平。分离并剪取胸主动脉和腹主动脉观察其血管内皮形态的改变,并测定主动脉内膜中膜厚度(IMT)。结果:生姜有效部位能显著改善高脂血症造成的血管内皮损伤,降低IMT,但对血清中IL-6、TNF-α无显著影响。结论:生姜有效部位能保护血管内皮细胞,但未能明显影响血清炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α的水平。     

老年胃癌术后PCIA与PCEA的镇痛效果及对炎性因子水平的影响

目的 探讨老年胃癌术后静脉自控镇痛(PCIA)及硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA)的效果及对炎性因子水平的影响.方法 收取进行胃癌切除术的患者83例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其进行分组,其中42例患者纳入A组,术后接受PCIA;41例患者纳入B组,术后接受PCEA.对比2组患者PCA按压次数,疼痛、镇静、舒适评分,炎性因子水平以及不良反应发生率.结果 A组术后各时间点PCA按压次数明显高于B组(P<0.05);A组术后各时间点疼痛、镇静评分均显著高于B组,舒适评分显著低于B组(P<0.05).2组患者术后各项炎性因子表达水平均显著高于手术前,A组各项指标均明显高于B组(P<0.05).A组不良反应发生率为33.3%,明显高于B组的12.2%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 PCEA较PCIA具有更好的镇痛及镇静效果,有利于减轻术后炎症反应,安全性高,值得临床推广使用.     

Radiomics for the Prediction of Treatment Outcome and Survival in Patients With Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review

Prediction of outcome in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) is challenging as a result of lack of a robust biomarker and heterogeneity between and within tumors. The aim of this review was to assess the current possibilities and limitations of radiomics (on computed tomography [CT], magnetic resonance imaging [MRI], and positron emission tomography [PET]) for the prediction of treatment outcome and long-term outcome in CRC. Medline/PubMed was searched up to August 2020 for studies that used radiomics for the prediction of response to treatment and survival in patients with CRC (based on pretreatment imaging). The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) tool and Radiomics Quality Score (RQS) were used for quality assessment. A total of 76 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included for further analysis. Radiomics analyses were performed on MRI in 41 studies, on CT in 30 studies, and on ¹⁸F-FDG-PET/CT in 10 studies. Heterogeneous results were reported regarding radiomics methods and included features. High-quality studies (n = 13), consisting mainly of MRI-based radiomics to predict response in rectal cancer, were able to predict response with good performance. Radiomics literature in CRC is highly heterogeneous, but it nonetheless holds promise for the prediction of outcome. The most evidence is available for MRI-based radiomics in rectal cancer. Future radiomics research in CRC should focus on independent validation of existing models rather than on developing new models.     

Systemic Autoimmune Diseases in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 in Spain: A Nation-Wide Registry Study

We aimed to evaluate the clinical outcome of Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (SADs) patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in Spain, before the introduction of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. A nationwide, retrospective and observational analysis of the patients admitted during 2020, based on the ICD10 codes in the National Registry of Hospital Discharges, was performed. Among 117,694 patients, only 892 (0.8%) presented any type of SAD before COVID-19-related admission: Sjogren’s Syndrome constituted 25%, Systemic Vasculitides 21%, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 19%, Sarcoidosis 17%, Systemic Sclerosis 11%, Mixed and Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease 4%, Behçet’s Disease 4% and Inflammatory Myopathies 2%. The in-hospital mortality rate was higher in SAD individuals (20% vs. 16%, p < 0.001). After adjustment by baseline conditions, SADs were not associated with a higher mortality risk (OR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.78–1.11). Mortality in the SADs patients was determined by age (OR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.04–1.07), heart failure (OR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.10–2.49), chronic kidney disease (OR = 1.29, 95% CI 1.05–1.59) and liver disease (OR = 1.97, 95% CI 1.13–3.44). In conclusion, the higher COVID-19 mortality rate seen in SADs patients hospitalized in Spain in 2020 was related to the higher burden of comorbidities, secondary to direct organ damage and sequelae of their condition. Whilst further studies should evaluate the impact of baseline immunosuppression on COVID-19 outcomes in this population, efforts should be focused on the optimal management of SAD to minimize the impact of the organ damage that has been shown to determine COVID-19 prognosis.     

Chemoprevention of Colitis-Associated Dysplasia or Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The association between inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer is well known. Although the overall incidence of inflammatory bowel disease has declined recently, patients with this disease still have a 1.7-fold increased risk of colorectal cancer. The risk factors for developing colorectal cancer include extensive colitis, young age at diagnosis, disease duration, primary sclerosing cholangitis, chronic colonic mucosal inflammation, dysplasia lesion, and post-inflammatory polyps. In patients with inflammatory bowel disease, control of chronic inflammation and surveillance colonoscopies are important for the prevention of colorectal cancer. The 2017 guidelines from the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation suggest that colonoscopies to screen for colorectal cancer should be performed when inflammatory bowel disease symptoms have lasted for 8 years. Current evidence supports the use of chemoprevention therapy with mesalamine to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis. Other compounds, including thiopurine, folic acid, statin, and tumor necrosis factor-^α inhibitor, are controversial. Large surveillance cohort studies with longer follow-up duration are needed to evaluate the impact of drugs on colorectal cancer risks.     

Epidemiological Trends of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Korea: A Multicenter Study of the Last 3 Years Including the COVID-19 Era

BackgroundStudies on how the coronavirus pandemic has affected pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) are lacking. We aimed to investigate the trends in epidemiology, characteristics, initial management, and short-term outcomes of PIBD in South Korea over the recent three years including the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).MethodsThis multicenter study retrospectively investigated temporal trends in the epidemiology of PIBD in Korea. Annual occurrences, disease phenotypes, and initial management at diagnosis were analyzed from January 2018 to June 2021.ResultsA total of 486 patients from 17 institutions were included in this epidemiological evaluation. Analysis of the occurrence trend confirmed a significant increase in PIBD, regardless of the COVID-19 pandemic. In Crohn’s disease, patients with post-coronavirus outbreaks had significantly higher fecal calprotectin levels than those with previous onset (1,339.4 ± 717.04 vs. 1,595.5 ± 703.94, P = 0.001). Patients with post-coronavirus-onset ulcerative colitis had significantly higher Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index scores than those with previous outbreaks (48 ± 17 vs. 36 ± 15, P = 0.004). In the initial treatment of Crohn’s disease, the use of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and steroids significantly decreased (P = 0.006 and 0.001, respectively), and enteral nutrition and the use of infliximab increased significantly (P = 0.045 and 0.009, respectively). There was a significant increase in azathioprine use during the initial treatment of ulcerative colitis (P = 0.020).ConclusionRegardless of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of patients with PIBD is increasing significantly annually in Korea. The initial management trends for PIBD have also changed. More research is needed to establish appropriate treatment guidelines considering the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Korean PIBD.     

星点设计-效应面法优化单硝酸异山梨酯微孔渗透泵片处方

目的:应用星点设计-效应面法优化单硝酸异山梨酯微孔渗透泵片处方.方法:以渗透压活性物质用量、致孔剂用量、包衣增重量为影响片剂释放的主要因素,2、4、7、9、12 h的药物累积释药量为效应值,应用Design Expert进行处方优化,并对优化处方进行验证.结果:成功找到了最优释药区域;优化处方呈零级释放特性.结论:通过星点设计-效应面法成功建立了处方优化模型,实现了单硝酸异山梨酯微孔渗透泵片的处方筛选.     

右归丸对膝骨关节炎模型鼠软骨组织显微结构及热休克蛋白90α蛋白表达的影响

目的:观察右归丸对膝骨关节炎(knee osteoarthritis,KOA)模型大鼠软骨组织显微结构和热休克蛋白90α(heat shock protein 90α,Hsp90α)蛋白表达的影响,进一步揭示右归丸防治KOA的机制。方法:将大鼠随机分为假手术对照组、KOA模型组、硫酸氨基葡萄糖组和右归丸(高、中、低剂量)组,每组10只。采用改良Hulth法制备大鼠KOA模型,分别予相应药物灌胃8周。HE染色法观察软骨组织的形态学变化,并进行Makin评分;应用免疫组化法检测各组大鼠软骨组织Hsp90α、纤连蛋白(fibronectin,Fn)和Ⅱ型胶原(collagen typeⅡ,COL-Ⅱ)的表达;RT-qPCR法检测各组大鼠软骨组织Hsp90α、白细胞介素1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、基质金属蛋白酶3(matrix metalloproteinase-3,MMP-3)和MMP-13的mRNA表达水平,应用Western blot法检测各组大鼠软骨组织Hsp90α和COL-Ⅱ的表达。结果:与假手术组比较,KOA模型组大鼠软骨组织Makin评分明显升高,软骨组织H...     

IL-1、IL-10及TNF-β单核苷酸多态性与福建泉州地区汉族人群类风湿性关节炎的相关性研究

目的:探讨福建泉州地区汉族人群类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者炎症相关因子的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点的分布特征,并研究其与RA易感性的关系。方法:选取福建泉州地区汉族人群RA患者155例(RA组)和健康体检者170例(对照组)为研究对象,采用全血三引物等位基因特异性扩增(TRIP-ASPCR)技术对RA相关的SNP位点进行基因分型。运用SPSS 19.0统计分析软件,采用卡方检验和Logistic法分析Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡吻合度、SNP位点等位基因与RA发病关联强度,并利用SHEsis软件对所选SNP位点进行连锁不平衡分析和单倍型分析。结果:对照组中有1个SNP位点符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验(P>0.05),RA组有1个SNP位点符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验(P>0.05);在对照组和RA组之间有4个SNP位点的等位基因频率差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05,OR>1),与RA呈正相关,且相关性明显。结论:RA患者中,存在4个SNP位点(IL-10 rs1800893、IL-1βrs16944、TNF-βrs2009658和...     

汉黄芩苷对柯萨奇B3病毒诱导的病毒性心肌炎小鼠炎症反应的影响

目的:探讨汉黄芩苷对柯萨奇B3病毒(CVB3)诱导的病毒性心肌炎小鼠炎症反应的影响及其可能的调控机制。方法:用CVB3感染BALB/c小鼠构建病毒性心肌炎动物模型。取40只BALB/c小鼠将其随机分为4组:正常对照组、CVB3感染的病毒性心肌炎组、CVB3感染后给予汉黄芩苷处理的治疗组以及CVB3感染后同时给予汉黄芩苷和AKT激动剂处理的激动剂组,每组10只。于药物治疗7 d后处死各组小鼠。用HE染色检测前3组小鼠心肌组织内炎症细胞浸润情况。用ELISA检测前3组小鼠血清中白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)和IL-6含量。用Western blot实验检测前3组小鼠心脏组织中炎症因子蛋白表达水平以及AKT/NF-κB通路的活化情况。最后,通过Western blot实验检测全部4组小鼠心肺组织中AKT/NF-κB通路的活化情况。结果:与正常组相比,病毒性心肌炎小鼠心脏组织内存在大量炎症细胞浸润,而汉黄芩苷治疗显著降低CVB3病毒诱导的心脏组织炎症细胞浸润(P<0.05)。CVB3病毒感染后小鼠血清中IL-1β和IL-6含量较正常组显著升高(P<0.05),而给予汉黄芩苷治疗后小鼠...