急进高原个体机体炎性改变及其胃肠黏膜屏障损伤情况分析

目的:探讨急进高原个体机体炎性改变及其胃肠黏膜屏障损伤的特点。方法:对20例由平原急进高原个体于进入高原前、进入高原第三天和第七天进行胃镜检查,并对进入高原后消化系统的症状发生情况进行调查,同步抽取血液标本,做血常规的白细胞总数(WBC)、中性粒细胞(N)、淋巴细胞(L)及白介素-1(IL-1)、白介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、血小板活化因子(PAF)等炎症介子的含量进行检测。结果:20例平原个体急进高原后血常规WBC、N及IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α、PAF等炎症介子均较平原显著升高,L较平原显著降低,均以进入高原第三天改变最为显著,与进入前比较P<0.01,与第七天比较P<0.05,L为第三天与进入前比较P<0.05、与第七天比较P>0.05。胃镜检查者,进入高原第三天及第七天胃镜检查阳性例数分别为17例(约85%)和10例(50%),与进入高原前比较差异均具有显著性(P<0.01),胃镜下主要表现有胃黏膜出血、充血、淤血、糜烂、溃疡及胆汁反流等,13例存在不同程度的消化系统症状(占65%)。结论:高原缺氧对急进高原个体肠道黏膜屏障存在明显的损伤,并引发机体的炎性改变。而机体的这种炎性改变又可能进一步加重胃肠道的黏膜屏障损伤。     

变应性鼻炎的长期抗炎治疗

已经证实许多没有症状的变应性鼻炎(AR)患者存在亚临床的炎症状态,接触阈值以下的变应原剂量能够引起鼻黏膜炎性细胞的浸润,包括细胞黏附分子、鼻腔和结膜嗜酸性粒细胞以及其他炎性标记物的表达显著增加,这些都不会导致明显的过敏症状。虽然治疗AR通常以缓解症状为主,减轻无症状时期的炎性反应可能会对AR发病、进展以及严重程度有积极的影响。因此制定治疗方案时应该充分考虑到对于症状缓解后仍存在的潜在炎性反应。目前主要有三类治疗AR的药物,包括抗组胺药、抗白三烯药和鼻内糖皮质激素,鼻内糖皮质激素对AR患者持续炎症的长期抑制可能是最合理的治疗选择。     

白内障超声乳化术后应用非甾体抗炎药滴眼剂的疗效分析

目的 观察0.1%吲哚美辛滴眼剂、0.03%欧可芬滴眼剂和0.025%地塞米松滴眼剂对白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术后炎症的疗效。方法 随机将72例老年性白内障患者分为3组，分别于术前术后滴用0．1％吲哚美辛滴眼剂、0.03%欧可芬滴眼剂和0.025%地塞米松滴眼剂，三组均合并使用抗生素滴眼剂，术后询问症状，进行视力、裂隙灯、眼底镜、眼压检查。结果 术后第1、3、7、14天天三组症状、体征评分差异无显著性。不同时间三组眼压值差异无显著性。结论 非甾体抗炎药滴眼剂与糖皮质激素滴眼剂在控制白内障亏声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术后炎症反应具有相同疗效。     

Inhibitory effects of lycopene on HMGB1-mediated pro-inflammatory responses in both cellular and animal models

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) mediates proinflammatory responses in inflammatory diseases. Lycopene found in tomatoes and tomato products has anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and antiinflammatory effects. The potential anti-inflammatory roles of lycopene in HMGB1-mediated proinflammatory responses in both primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and animal were investigated. The anti-inflammatory effects of lycopene were determined including permeability, monocyte adhesion and migration, and activation of proinflammatory proteins and HMGB1 receptors on HMGB1 activated HUVECs. In the in vivo model, the anti-inflammatory effect of lycopene was assessed by monitoring vascular permeability and migration of leukocytes to the peritoneal cavity of mice injected with lycopene. Lycopene inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated release of HMGB1, expression of HMGB1-mediated tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2)-IIA, and HMGB1-mediated pro-inflammatory signaling responses in endothelial cells. It did this through down-regulation of cell surface expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), HMGB1 receptors, toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, and -4, and receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). These findings suggest that lycopene promotes barrier integrity, inhibits monocyte adhesion and migration to HMGB1 activating HUVECs by blocking activation of proinflammatory cytokines and expression of CAMs and HMGB1 receptors, thereby showing its usefulness as a therapy for vascular inflammatory diseases.     

Toll样受体与癌症研究进展

Toll-like receptor (TLR) is an important pattern recognition receptor (PRR) which participates in innate immunity and regulates adaptive immunity. TLR can be expressed in immune cells and malignant tumors recognize conservative molecular structure, mediate response of inflammation, tissue injury and repair, which plays an important role in the process of tumor. Research results about some molecules and signal pathways of TLR demonstrate that it can act anti or pro-tumor dual functions, which has an extensive prospects in prevention and treatment of tumor.     

91种炎症蛋白与5种心血管疾病之间的因果关系：双样本孟德尔随机化研究

摘要 目的：通过采用孟德尔随机化(MR)方法和反向孟德尔随机化方法评估91种炎症蛋白与5种心血管疾病（动脉夹层、动脉瘤、冠心病、非风湿性瓣膜病和风湿性瓣膜病）之间的因果关系。 方法：使用来自欧洲人群的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）数据,利用孟德尔随机化（MR）方法和反向孟德尔随机化方法对 91 种炎症蛋白与5种心血管疾病之间的双向因果关系进行评估分析。MR分析方法包括inverse variance weighted (IVW)、Weighted median、MR-Egger、Simple Mode和Weighted mode。敏感性分析包括 Cochran''s Q 检验、MR-Egger 截距检验、MR-PRESSO 方法和 leave-one-out 方法。 结果：共有16种炎症蛋白可能与心血管疾病风险存在相关性,包括CCL20、CD5、CCL28、IL20RA、LAP-TGF-β1、TSLP、CST5、LIF、EIF4EBP1、CCL4、IL22RA1、IL-10、IL-17C、MCP-2/CCL8、NRTN和MCP-3/CCL7。此外,心血管疾病的进展可能会导致总共 10 种炎症蛋白水平的变化,包括 CCL11、IL-8、TNF-β、FGF19、IL10RA、FGF-21、IL10RB、β-NGF、CD5 和 MCP-1/CCL2。 结论：本研究结果表明,多种炎症蛋白与5种心血管疾病之间存在双向因果关系,证明了进一步研究各种炎症蛋白与上述心血管疾病之间的相关性存在更深入的研究空间。     

Protective effect of valerian extract capsule (VEC) on ethanol- and indomethacin-induced gastric mucosa injury and ameliorative effect of VEC on gastrointestinal motility disorder

ContextValerian extract capsule (VEC) is an effective Chinese patent medicine used for gastrointestinal (GI) diseases.ObjectiveTo investigate the detailed pharmacological activity for VEC clinical effects in GI diseases.Materials and methodsSprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: control, model, and drug-treated (VEC-L, VEC-M, VEC-H, and teprenone). Rats were orally administered VEC (124, 248, 496 mg/kg) and teprenone (21.43 mg/kg) for 3 consecutive days. After 1 h, the five groups (except the control group) were orally given ethanol (10 mL/kg) for 1 h or indomethacin (80 mg/kg) for 7 h. The spasmolytic activity of VEC (0.01–1 mg/mL) on ACh/BaCl₂-induced New Zealand rabbit smooth muscle contraction was performed. The C57BL/6 mice carbon propelling test evaluated the effects of VEC (248–992 mg/kg) on intestinal motility in normal and neostigmine/adrenaline-induced mice.ResultsCompared with the model group, VEC treatment reduced the gastric lesion index and mucosal damage. Further experiments showed that the pathological ameliorative effect of VEC was accompanied by augmentation of the enzymatic antioxidant system and cytoprotective marker (COX-1, p < 0.01; PGI2 p < 0.05;), along with the alleviation of the levels of MPO (ethanol: 15.56 ± 0.82 vs. 12.15 ± 2.60, p < 0.01; indomethacin: 9.65 ± 3.06 vs. 6.36 ± 2.43, p < 0.05), MDA (ethanol: 1.66 ± 0.44 vs. 0.81 ± 0.58, p < 0.01; indomethacin: 1.71 ± 0.87 vs. 1.09 ± 0.43, p < 0.05), and inflammatory mediators. VEC decreased the high tone induced by ACh/BaCl₂ and promoted intestinal transit in normal and neostigmine/adrenaline-induced mice.Discussion and conclusionsVEC showed a potential gastroprotective effect, suggesting that VEC is a promising phytomedicine for the treatment of GI diseases.     

原发性高血压患者的亚临床炎症状态

目的　探讨炎症与原发性高血压之间的关系。方法　采用超敏感的方法检测血清超敏感C反应蛋白 (hsCRP)水平 ,采用ELISA法检血清肿瘤坏死因子 (TNF) α、白介素 (IL) 6水平 ,比较 6 0例正常人 (对照组 )及 10 9例原发性高血压患者 (病例组 )之间炎症标志水平的差异 ,分析炎症标志与原发性高血压患者各临床指标之间的关系。结果　对照组血清hsCRP浓度为 0 .18～ 4 .14mg/L ,中位数为 0 .6 2mg/L ;病例组为 0 .18～2 2 .0 0mg/L ,中位数为 1.17mg/L ,病例组显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。病例组中 ,hsCRP水平与收缩压 (SBP)、体重指数 (BMI)、腰臀比 (WHR)、空腹胰岛素 (FI)、胰岛素抵抗指数 (HOMA IR)等临床指标均呈等级相关性 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,以hsCRP作为应变量 ,以相关临床指标作为自变量 ,进行多元回归分析 ,BMI、SBP进入方程。高血压病患者的炎症细胞因子TNF α、IL 6均与BMI相关 (r值分别为 0 .2 2 0、0 .2 2 9,P <0 .0 5 ) ,IL 6与SBP显著相关 (r =0 .2 34,P <0 .0 5 )。结论　原发性高血压患者存在亚临床炎症状态 ,SBP增高及肥胖是可能的促进炎症因素。     

右美托咪定对七氟醚复合骶管阻滞小儿麻醒期躁动的预防作用及炎症应激反应的影响

目的:研究右美托咪定对七氟醚复合骶管阻滞小儿麻醒期躁动的预防作用及炎症应激反应的影响.方法:将2012年3月～2014年6月期间在我院接受腹部以下手术的90例患儿纳入研究,随机分为两组,并接受七氟醚复合骶管阻滞麻醉,观察组在麻醉诱导完成后给予右美托咪定静脉注射,对照组给予等剂量生理盐水静脉注射,比较两组患儿的生命体征指标、炎症反应指标以及应激反应指标.结果:(1)生命体征:观察组患儿的心率(HR)、心脏指数(CI)和心脏与收缩压乘积(RPP)均低于对照组(P＜0.05);(2)炎症反应:观察组患儿的磷脂肌醇3激酶(PI3K)、内皮素-1(ET-1)含量低于对照组,一氧化氮(NO)含量高于对照组(P＜0.05);(3)应激反应:观察组患儿的皮质醇、醛固酮以及血糖水平低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:右美托咪定有助于稳定生命体征、缓解炎症和应激反应,是小儿七氟醚复合骶管阻滞麻醉后预防苏醒期躁动的理想方法.