常温下兔肢体火器伤后器官功能变化的研究

目的探讨常温下兔肢体火器伤后器官功能变化的特点。方法常温下制备兔肢体火器伤动物模型,分别于致伤前及致伤后4、8、16、24、48、72h测定血清中肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、谷氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、磷酸肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的含量。结果常温环境下兔肢体火器伤后与致伤前比较,伤后4h血清中Cr、BUN、ALT、AST、CK、LDH等酶学指标均开始发生显著变化。其中血清中Cr在伤后4、8、16、24、48、72h各时间点均显著升高,伤后8h达到高峰;血清BUN伤后8h显著升高,24h后开始显著下降。血清中ALT、AST、CK、LDH在伤后4、8、16、24、48、72h各时间点均显著升高,伤后16h达到高峰。结论常温环境下兔肢体火器伤后,心、肝、肾等重要器官功能的损害具有发生早、损害严重持续的特点。     

患者出院计划核心评价指标的构建

目的 构建出院计划核心评价指标,为出院计划实施效果评价提供参考.方法 运用文献分析法分析、整合出院计划评价指标,运用小组讨论法制定专家咨询问卷,通过德尔菲法对16名专家进行3轮咨询,完成指标筛选与修改,确定出院计划核心评价指标.结果 专家权威系数为0.945,每轮问卷有效回收率均为100％.第3轮专家咨询结束后,最终形成的出院计划核心评价指标集涵盖患者相关、照护者相关和医疗机构相关3大类共12项.各指标重要性赋值均数为8.88～9.63,变异系数为0.064～0.187;适用性赋值均数为8.75～9.63,变异系数为0.064～0.235.结论 构建的出院计划核心评价指标具有可靠性,可用于患者出院计划实施质量评价.     

三级综合医院护理质量敏感性指标的构建

目的构建三级综合医院护理质量敏感性指标,为医院护理质量评价提供相关依据。方法通过证据总结与半结构式访谈法对护理质量敏感性指标进行初步设计,通过德尔菲法进行专家函询确定最终护理质量敏感性指标。结果最终构建的护理质量敏感性指标包含一级指标3个,二级指标20个。3轮专家函询积极系数为94.12%~100.00%,权威系数为0.84,变异系数为0.00~0.22,协调系数为0.09~0.24(均P0.01)。结论通过循证、半结构式访谈及德尔菲法构建的护理质量敏感性指标具有科学性、严谨性,对护理管理及临床护理工作具有一定的指导意义。     

A general protocol for creating high-throughput screening assays for reaction yield and enantiomeric excess applied to hydrobenzoin

A general approach to high-throughput screening of enantiomeric excess (ee) and concentration was developed by using indicator displacement assays (IDAs), and the protocol was then applied to the vicinal diol hydrobenzoin. The method involves the sequential utilization of what we define herein as screening, training, and analysis plates. Several enantioselective boronic acid-based receptors were screened by using 96-well plates, both for their ability to discriminate the enantiomers of hydrobenzoin and to find their optimal pairing with indicators resulting in the largest optical responses. The best receptor/indicator combination was then used to train an artificial neural network to determine concentration and ee. To prove the practicality of the developed protocol, analysis plates were created containing true unknown samples of hydrobenzoin generated by established Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation reactions, and the best ligand was correctly identified.     

论文被引频次学科领域百分位在创建期刊百分位数指标中的应用

【目的】 探讨基于InCites数据库中论文被引频次百分位创建期刊百分位数指标的方法,比较不同百分位数指标的期刊评价效果。【方法】 以2018年版JCR中多学科交叉科学期刊及其2017—2018年发表的论文为研究对象,根据InCites数据库中论文被引频次学科领域百分位(Percentile in Subject Area,PSA)创建期刊百分位数指标(Journal Indicator of Percentage Rank,JIPR),包括JIPR4、JIPR6、JIPR8、JIPR10、JIPR100和平均PSA(aPSA),比较不同JIPR对多学科交叉科学期刊的评价效果。【结果】 68种期刊的JIPR4呈偏态分布,其他JIPR呈正态分布,多数指标之间呈高度相关,不同等级JIPR之间相关度更高;影响因子与aPSA排序位次变化较大的期刊多是发表综述文献较多、单篇高被引论文对影响因子贡献较大的期刊。【结论】 与影响因子相比,多数JIPR有明显优势,其中aPSA可能是最理想的期刊评价指标。     

Turning back from the brink: Detecting an impending regime shift in time to avert it

Ecological regime shifts are large, abrupt, long-lasting changes in ecosystems that often have considerable impacts on human economies and societies. Avoiding unintentional regime shifts is widely regarded as desirable, but prediction of ecological regime shifts is notoriously difficult. Recent research indicates that changes in ecological time series (e.g., increased variability and autocorrelation) could potentially serve as early warning indicators of impending shifts. A critical question, however, is whether such indicators provide sufficient warning to adapt management to avert regime shifts. We examine this question using a fisheries model, with regime shifts driven by angling (amenable to rapid reduction) or shoreline development (only gradual restoration is possible). The model represents key features of a broad class of ecological regime shifts. We find that if drivers can only be manipulated gradually management action is needed substantially before a regime shift to avert it; if drivers can be rapidly altered aversive action may be delayed until a shift is underway. Large increases in the indicators only occur once a regime shift is initiated, often too late for management to avert a shift. To improve usefulness in averting regime shifts, we suggest that research focus on defining critical indicator levels rather than detecting change in the indicators. Ideally, critical indicator levels should be related to switches in ecosystem attractors; we present a new spectral density ratio indicator to this end. Averting ecological regime shifts is also dependent on developing policy processes that enable society to respond more rapidly to information about impending regime shifts.     

供应室消毒指示带粘贴架的制作

随着供应室新规范的出台，每家医院都在取消无菌包的包扎绳，但无菌包的名称必须写在消毒指示带上。为了节省时间，每天必须预先将带有无菌包名称的消毒指示带写好，粘贴于架子上，便于操作时取用方便。为此，我科自行设计制作了消毒指示带粘贴架，通过使用效果良好，现介绍如下。     

纳米铁粉对小鼠血糖和血脂的影响

[目的]探讨纳米铁粉对小鼠血糖、血脂的影响。[方法]分别以5g/kg剂量微米粒径铁粉(Micro-Fe)或纳米粒径铁粉(Nano-Fe)给小鼠1次经口灌胃,14d后处死;测定肝、肾脏器系数、血糖(Glu)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)的变化。[结果]Micro-Fe和Nano-Fe染毒小鼠肝脏系数明显高于对照组相(P﹤0.05)。与对照组相比,Nano-Fe染毒小鼠血清Glu明显降低(P﹤0.05);Micro-Fe组血清TG比control组有明显升高(P﹤0.05),Nano-Fe组血清TG比control组有升高趋势,但差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。Control、Micro-Fe和Nano-Fe染毒组3组小鼠血清TC、LDL-C和HDL-C水平间差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05)。[结论]大剂量Nano-Fe经口染毒可使血清Glu降低,对TC、TG、HDL-C和LDL-C无明显影响。     

大学生预防艾滋病知识与能力评价指标体系的开发研究

目的 开发大学生艾滋病预防知识与能力评价指标。方法 采用改良的Delphi法,选择艾滋病预防控制、健康教育、大学生教育与管理领域的专家40人进行咨询。结果 专家平均年龄48.5±10.33岁,全部具有副高或副处以上职称、职务,大部分工作20年以上;咨询意见回收率分别达到95.0%、82.5%和72.5%,专家权威系数达到0.8264,采用专家选择率、均数、满分率、变异系数作为标准进行指标筛选后,确定一级指标7项,二级指标92项。一级指标协调系数在0.16～0.4之间,权重系数在0.2909～0.3151之间。结论 专家积极可靠,指标筛选过程比较规范,指标比较全面、可靠,可用于实践进一步检验与完善。     

县级疾控机构综合效益评价指标的筛选及其应用研究

目的构建反映"预防为主"功能的县级疾控机构综合效益评价的指标体系。方法运用Delphi法、变异系数法和聚类分析法等3种方法从初选的43个指标中筛选出反映县级疾控机构综合效益的评价指标,采用筛选后的指标,运用加权TOPSIS法对杭州地区13家县级疾控机构2004年各自的综合效益进行模拟评价,并与杭州市疾控中心对上述单位进行评价的实际结果相比较,论证其一致性。结果根据Delphi法、变异系数法和聚类分析法筛选出17个评价指标,用其对13家县级疾控机构进行模拟评价的结果与杭州市疾控中心自身评价的实际结果之间存在正相关性(rs=0.825,P<0.05)。结论本研究建立的整套评价指标能够较好地体现"预防为主"的功能,具有良好的政策导向作用,筛选后的17个指标有一定的代表性,能够比较全面地对县级疾控机构的综合效益进行评价,且容易操作,具有一定的实际应用价值。