The differentiated roles of health in the transition from work to retirement – conceptual and methodological challenges and avenues for future research

ObjectivesThe aim of this discussion paper is to (i) identify the differentiated roles of health in the work–retirement transition, and, with respect to these, (ii) highlight topics related to conceptual and methodological problems and challenges in research, and (iii) present avenues for future research.MethodsThis discussion paper summarizes an OMEGA-NET working group discussion ongoing from November 2018 to September 2021 with face-to-face and online meetings as well as a written online discourse.Results‘Health’ and ‘retirement’ are ambiguous concepts. With respect to both, in retirement research, the choice of concept and indicator influences the findings. In addition, the impact of health on retirement is not necessarily a direct one, but can be influenced by further factors such as the ability, motivation and opportunity to work. The strong overall association of poor health with retiring early (path 1) bears the risk of masking distinct and deviating mechanisms in subgroups. In fact, there is evidence that also good health may lead to early retirement (path 2), while both poor health (path 3) and good health (path 4) may also make people retire later.ConclusionsAn increased awareness of the differentiated roles that health may have in the work–retirement transition as outlined in this discussion paper may support research to address questions relevant for policy and practice and increase the impact of research. Recommendations for occupational health and social research are given.     

医学院校青年教师规范化培训考核指标体系构建

目的 构建医学院校青年教师规范化培训考核指标体系,用于培训实践,提高培训质量。方法 通过文献分析和小样本专家访谈初步确立考核指标体系,而后采用德尔菲法对40名熟悉医学院校青年教师规范化培训的专家进行咨询,并根据专家意见对考核指标体系修改后再咨询,直到所咨询专家意见基本一致。用层次分析法对各指标赋权。使用SPSS 17.0软件对数据进行分析处理。结果 经过两轮专家咨询,35名专家对各指标的认同率达到90%以上,意见基本一致;各指标权重变异系数（W值）为0.00~0.15,集中程度较高。最终构建了一套青年教师规范化培训考核指标体系,包括4个一级指标、11个二级指标和35个三级指标。结论 该考核指标体系为科学评价医学院校青年教师规范化培训效果提供了保障,通过发挥“以评促建、以评促导”作用,提高了医学院校青年教师规范化培训质效。     

基于危险因素和常规实验室指标的子痫前期风险预测模型研究

目的 通过对妊娠妇女6～10周的一般资料、危险因素和常规实验室指标水平进行数据分析,构建妊娠早期子痫前期(PE)预测模型,比较Logistic回归模型和极端梯度提升(XGBoost)模型的预测能力.方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2020年8月北京大学第三医院925例PE患者和7613例正常对照组的一般资料、PE发病危...     

Survivin及其异构体survivin-2B和survivin-△Ex3在膀胱癌中的表达及临床意义

背景与目的：研究发现survivin基因参与了包括膀胱癌在内的人类多种肿瘤的发生。近期研究表明smwivin的异构体同样具有独特的亚分子定位和功能。本研究通过检测survivin及其异构体smwivin-2B和survivin-△Ex3 mRNA在膀胱癌组织中的表达,探讨这两个异构体潜存的临床意义。方法：选取手术切除的原发膀胱移行细胞癌（bladder transitional cell carcinoma,BTCC）新鲜标本60例,膀胱良性疾病患者病变膀胱组织标本12例作为对照。应用实时定量PCR方法检测survivin、survivin-2B和survivin-△Ex3 mRNA的表达量,分析其表达与不同病理分级和临床分期膀胱癌的关系。结果：Survivin、Survivin-2B和sunivin—△Ex3 mRNA在BTCC组织中均存在表达,表达量分别为0．333±0．163、0．056±0．017、0．124±0．096;对照组12例均表达survivin-2B mRNA,其中分别有3例千兀4例标本存在suwivin和survivin—△Ex3 mRNA的微量表达。survivin和survivin-△Ex3 mRNA的表达与病理分级和临床分期呈正相关（0〈r＇s〈1,P〈0．05）,survivin-2B呈负相关（-1〈r＇s〈0,P〈0．05）。3例复发患者原膀胱肿瘤组织中survivin mRNA的表达较相同病理级别者明显高,而survivin-2B却低。结论：检测survivin及其异构体survivin-2B和survivin-△Ex3 mRNA在BTCC组织中的表达,对判断膀胱肿瘤的恶性程度以及术后复发具有潜在的临床应用价值。     

科技期刊国际化程度评价指标和方法

目的 为科技期刊国际化程度提供定量评价指标和方法。方法 借鉴相关研究成果阐述科技学术期刊国际化的实质性内涵特征,分析科技学术期刊国际化程度评价指标的计算参数,提出以国际论文数量、国际引用频次、稿源国数量、引用国数量为基本统计数据的科技学术期刊国际化程度指标计算公式。结果 给出科技学术期刊国际化学术贡献量、国际化广度、国际化强度以及国际化程度综合指标计算公式和计算示例,并简述其作用和意义。结论 用期刊国际学术贡献量、期刊国际化广度、期刊国际化强度以及期刊国际化程度综合指标,可以对期刊国际化程度进行全面、综合评价。     

癌症早诊早治工作评价指标的探讨

[目的]探讨癌症早诊早治工作的评价指标。[方法]分析2006～2009年卫生部早诊早治项目宫颈癌、食管癌/贲门癌、结直肠癌、肝癌、鼻咽癌及胃癌的筛查和早诊早治数据,提出并定义癌症早诊早治工作的初步评价指标。筛查早诊率,检出率和治疗率为工作绩效指标;早期发现成本系数（early detection cost index,EDCI）为综合评价指标。[结果]宫颈癌、食管癌/贲门癌、结直肠癌、肝癌、鼻咽癌及胃癌6种癌症的诊断性筛查检出率分别为：5.6%、2.4%、3.9%、1.3%、5.5%、1.5%;筛查早诊率分别为：93.5%、82.3%、91.9%、58.2%、60.0%、80.0%;治疗率分别为：90.9%、68.4%、100%、69.1%、80.0%、85.0%;早期发现成本系数分别为：0.22、0.42、0.48、0.80、2.45、1.68。[结论]宫颈癌、结直肠癌及食管癌/贲门癌的早诊早治有良好的效益,应进一步推广。     

The effectiveness of an indicator gel in the detection of exposed dentine

Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness of an indicator gel in revealing exposed dentine.

Methods: Teeth prepared into dentine and then stained with the indicator gel were sectioned for histological examination.

Results: The indicator gel was found to stain dentine and thin layers of enamel.

Conclusion: The gel is suggested to be an effective indicator as an aid to acid etching and in the preparation of teeth for resin-bonded restorations.     

Glycine and GABAA receptor-mediated chloride fluxes in synaptoneurosomes from different parts of the rat brain

Strychnine-sensitive, inhibitory glycine receptors have not until lately been considered to play a significant role in neurotransmission in mammalian forebrain regions. In order to investigate the role of glycine as a neurotransmitter in brain we have measured glycine induced chloride fluxes in different adult rat forebrain areas using synaptoneurosomes and a chloride-sensitive fluorescent indicator. The results have been compared to those obtained with GABA. The synaptoneurosomes from every brain area investigated responded to both glycine and GABA with chloride fluxes in a picrotoxin sensitive manner. The effect of glycine was inhibited by strychnine, which had no effect on the GABA-induced Cl⁻ flux. Bicuculline inhibited the effect of GABA, but had no effect on the glycine-induced Cl⁻ flux. Addition of GABA did not affect the response to glycine and vice versa. The endogenous content of glycine and GABA in the synaptoneurosome preparations was about the same and synaptoneurosomes from every brain area investigated released both glycine and GABA upon depolarisation with KCI. The depolarisation induced release of both GABA and glycine was partly Ca²⁺-dependent and partly Ca²⁺-independent. These results indicate that glycine can induce inhibitory Cl⁻ fluxes distinct from GABA induced fluxes in every investigated brain area and that glycine can be released upon depolarisation.     

Critical appraisal of clinical performance measures in Germany.

BACKGROUND: One of the tasks of the Federal Co-ordinating Committee, as part of the self-governing health care system in Germany, is to develop clinical performance measures (CPMs). As these measures generally exert a strong impact on health care delivery, their methodological quality should meet the highest standards. OBJECTIVE: To develop, for use in the German health care system, methodological quality requirements for CPMs and performance assessment programs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We assembled and reviewed internationally available materials on CPMs. From these we prepared lists of requirements for appraising the methodological quality of CPMs and CPM programs. PRODUCTS: Lists of criteria for use in appraising the appropriateness of the development, content, format and application of CPMs and their value to the health care system for performance measurement; a checklist for assessing the methodological quality of CPMs/CPM programs. CONCLUSION: The methods applied and the products from this project offer a useful framework for prospective CPM/CPM program developers and set a high threshold for the development of methodologically rigorous clinical performance measurement.     

医院实行年度科室综合目标管理考核的尝试

介绍某医院年度科室综合目标管理考核的实践,探讨医院业务科室年终业绩考核指标和考核方法,旨在建立适应现代医院管理需要和医疗市场经济要求的科学、公平和公正的业绩考核体系,促进医院全面、协调和可持续发展.