Effect of tongbiling on the synoviocyte function in adjuvant arthritis rats

Objective: To study the effect of Tongbiling (TBL) on the proliferation of synovial fibroblast and interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and prostaglandin E₂(PGE₂) secreted by synoviocytes in adjuvant arthritis (AA) rats.Methods: Synovial fibroblast was derived from culture of tissue piece. The effect of primary synoviocyte culture supernatants on the fibroblast proliferation were assayed and IL-1, TNF-α bioactivity and PGE₂ content of supernatants of cultured synoviocytes were measured.Results: TBL could significantly inhibit the synovial fibroblast proliferation (P < 0.001), and down-regulate IL-1, TNF-α and PGE₂ productions (P < 0. 001); indomethacin could obviously promote the synovial fibroblast proliferation (P < 0.001). It significantly inhibited PGE₂ production, but further up-regulated IL-1 and TNF-α secreted by synoviocytes (P<0.01).Conclusion: The therapeutical effect of TBL on AA might be associated with its down-regulating the secretory function of synoviocyte, then restoring the abnormal proliferation of fibroblast to normal levels. This program was supported by the Nature Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 960550)     

BMP对异种骨移植局部TNF-α和IL-6基因表达的调节

观察骨形态发生蛋白在异种骨移植局部对ＴＮＦ－α和ＩＬ－６ｍＲＮＡ表达的调节作用。方法将含有一定抗原性的牛松质骨载体与不同剂量的牛ＢＭＰ复合,植入小鼠股部肌袋,于术后５,１０和２０ｄ取材,制备石蜡切要用核酸分子原位杂交的方法,定性定位检测植骨局部ＴＮＦ－α和ＩＬ－６ｍＲＮＡ表达情况,通过图像分析,确定ＴＮＦ－α和ＩＬ－６ｍＲＮＡ表达强度,分析植骨局部不同计量ＢＭＰ对ＴＮＦ－α和ＩＬ－６ｍＲＮＡ表达强     

Interleukin-3-dependent potentiation of IgE responsiveness in mouse basophils

Basophils produce interleukins (IL)-4 in response to various stimuli and may contribute to type 2 immune responses to various infections and allergens. We found that resting basophils freshly isolated from mice produce IL-4 in response to IL-3 but not to high-affinity Fc receptor (FcεRI) cross-linking (CL), yet both required the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) containing adaptor Fc receptor γ-chain (FcRγ), while basophils activated in vitro by IL-3 become responsive to FcεRI CL. Acquisition of responsiveness to FcεRI CL occurred upon infection with Trichinella spiralis or administration of superantigen. Because cultured basophils return to a quiescent state upon starvation with IL-3 with surface FcεRI levels unchanged, this acquisition is reversible and probably reflects intracellular events requiring protein synthesis. Interestingly, similar activation-associated acquisition was observed for responsiveness to other stimuli, including CD200R3 CL, which is known to signal via DAP-12, and the allergen protease papain. This acquisition of responsiveness to FcεRI CL was inhibited by Jak inhibitor. Thus, the IL-3 signal bifurcates downstream of Jak, into two distinct pathway, one leading to IL-4 production and the other to render basophils competent to respond to stimuli dependent on ITAM-containing adaptors DAP12 and FcRγ for IL-4 production.     

Evidence for direct and indirect mechanisms in the potent modulatory action of interleukin-2 on the release of acetylcholine in rat hippocampal slices

1. The biphasic nature of the potent modulatory action of interleukin-2 (IL-2) on hippocampal acetylcholine (ACh) release was investigated by use of brain slice superfusion.
2. Both the potentiating (10⁻¹³ M) and inhibitory (10⁻⁹ M) effects of IL-2 on hippocampal ACh release were stimulation-dependent and were blocked by a neutralizing IL-2 receptor antibody, suggesting the activation of typical IL-2 receptors in both cases.
3. Tetrodotoxin (TTX; 10 μM) failed to block the potentiation of ACh release induced by a very low concentration of IL-2 (10⁻¹³M) suggesting a direct effect on cholinergic nerve terminals.
4. In contrast, the inhibitory effect seen at a higher concentration (10⁻⁹ M) was TTX-sensitive, and hence indicative of an indirect action.
5. To establish the nature of this intermediate mediator, blockers of nitric oxide synthesis, and of opioid and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors were used. Only GABA_A and GABA_B receptor antagonists altered the inhibitory action of IL-2, suggesting the participation of GABA as mediator.
6. Taken together, these results provide further evidence for the potent role of IL-2 in the modulation of cholinergic function in the rat hippocampus.

     

Modulation of immunoglobulin production and cytokine mRNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells by intravenous immunoglobulin

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has the potential to regulate Ig production, but the mechanism(s) responsible for this effect is unknown. In experiments reported here, we examined the ability of IVIG to regulate Ig production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM). IVIG (2–10 mg/ml) showed a potent (80–85%) inhibition of PWM-stimulated IgG, IgM, and IgA production. To determine more precisely how IVIG mediated the inhibition of Ig production, we studied Ig promoting cytokine gene expression after PWM stimulation with or without IVIG (2 and 10 mg/ml) using dot-blot techniques. RNA was isolated from PBMCs at predetermined time points and probed with cDNAs specific for human cytokines (IL-1-, IL-2, IL-2R, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, -IFN, and TNF-). IL-6 mRNA accumulation was maximal at 4.5 hr post-PWM stimulation and was inhibited 64–75% when IVIG (10 mg/ml) was present. -IFN mRNA levels peaked at 72 hr poststimulation and were also 68–75% inhibited by IVIG. IL-2 mRNA levels peaked at 4.5 hr and were 23–46% inhibited by IVIG. The inhibitory effect of IVIG on production of these cytokines (IL-6 and -IFN) was also observed at the protein level in sonicated PBMCs after incubation with PWM and IVIG. The mRNA levels for other cytokines were not or only minimally inhibited by IVIG. Addition of IL-6, -IFN, or IL-2 partially restored Ig production in IVIG-treated PWM-stimulated cultures, suggesting that inhibition of other cytokines or another mechanism(s) independent of cytokine inhibition might also be involved, although inhibition of IL-6, -IFN, and IL-2 may be one of the critical factors in the suppression of Ig production by IVIG.     

Use of a pericardial fat pad flap for preventing bronchopleural fistula: An experimental study focusing on the angiogenesis and cytokine production of the fat pad

An experimental study was conducted to determine whether pericardial fat tissue could induce neovascularization and produce cytokines related to tissue repair. Neovascularization was examined using chick chorioallantoic membranes. Pieces of pericardial fat tissue, omentum, and intercostal muscle were individually placed on a number of chorioallantoic membranes and neovascularization induced by each material was assayed 6 days after the implantation. The intensity of neovascularization was in the order of pericardial fat omentum > muscle. Cytokines, such as interleukin 1 (IL-1) and , tumor necrosis factor- (TNF), interferon- (IFN-), and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were assayed in a culture supernatant of pericardial fat tissue. The latter was obtained 24h after the addition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) following various incubation times. All cytokines other than IFN are known to play a part in tissue repair, whereas IFN is negatively related to tissue repair because it inhibits fibroblast growth. The pericardial fat tissue incubated with LPS produced a certain amount of IL-1 on day 1, and TNF on days 1 and 8, whereafter these values decreased to an undetectable level. Irrespective of the addition of LPS, a large amount of IL-6 was observed in the supernatant of pericardial fat tissue and it was detectable until day 29. On the contrary, INF was not detected at any assay time. These observations suggest that a pericardial fat pad flap could possibly be beneficial in the prevention of bronchopleural fistula after pulmonary resection.     

阳离子脂质体介导细胞因子基因对小鼠肝癌抑制的作用

目的观察阳离子脂质体介导细胞因子ＴＮＦ－ａ及ＩＬ－２基因对小鼠肝癌的抑制作用。方法构建含细胞因子ＴＮＦ－ａ及ＩＬ－２的质粒载体,用阳离子脂质体ＬｉｐｏｆeｃｔＡＭＩＮＥ或ＤＯＳＰＥＲ介导的含细胞因子ＴＮＦ－ａ及ＩＬ－２的质粒ＤＮＡ分别体外转染小鼠肝癌细胞株ＭＭ４５Ｔ．Ｌｉ,并在荷瘤小鼠体内分别直接注射上述阳离子脂质体－ＤＮＡ复合物,观察瘤体大小及小鼠生存期。结果两种阳离子脂质体介导的细胞因子转染后都具有生物学活性,转染效率为１０％左右,瘤内注射后均能延长荷瘤小鼠的生存期。ＤＯＳＰＥＲ介导细胞因子的治疗效果较佳。结论ＬｉｐｏｆｅｃｔＡＭＩＮＥ或ＤＯＳＰＥＲ介导细胞因子ＴＮＦ－ａ及ＩＬ－２基因均具有抑制小鼠肝癌生长、延长荷瘤小鼠生存期的作用,ＤＯＳＰＥＲ的效果较好。     

肺缺血再灌注损伤后TNFα、IL-6和IL-8的变化及其意义

为探讨炎性细胞因子在肺缺血再灌注损伤发病机制中的作用,采用大鼠在体温缺血再灌注模型,动态测定了肺组织和血浆肿瘤坏死因子α（ＴＮＦα）,白介素－６（ＩＬ－６）和白介素－８（ＩＬ－８）含量的变化,结果表明,肺缺血再灌注损伤早期肺组织ＴＮＦα,ＩＬ－６,ＩＬ－８相继释放增加,上述因子的血浆变化滞后于肺组织变化。提示炎性细胞因子参与了肺缺血再灌注损伤的发生和发展过程。     

热休克蛋白70抑制大鼠感染性脑水肿炎症因子的研究

为了探讨热休克蛋白７０（ＨＳＰ７０）对大鼠感染性脑水肿的保护作用,该文采用百日咳菌液所致的大鼠感染性脑水肿模型及将大鼠进行热休克处理,观察脑组织中白细胞介素１－β（ＩＬ－１β）、肿瘤坏死因子－α（ＴＮＦ－α）及一氧化氮（ＮＯ）水平的变化,并应用Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ印迹分析检测大鼠脑组织的ＨＳＰ７０表达。结果发现感染性脑水肿脑组织ＩＬ－１β、ＴＮＦ－α及ＮＯ浓度均增高,热休克处理可降低以上三者的浓度,Ｗｅ