Transcytosis and catabolism of antibody

This review describes the evolution of our knowledge of the transmission of immunoglobulin G (IgG) from mother to infant and the factors which regulate the persistence of IgG in the circulation. These apparently unrelated processes involve the same Fc receptor, FcRn (n=neonatal). FcRn appears to carry out these diverse roles by binding to IgG and then either transporting the bound IgG across cells (transcytosis) or recycling its cargo back to the cell surface (control of catabolism). IgG that is taken up by cells in the absence of binding to FcRn undergoes degradation. Thus, FcRn is the “protective” receptor that servesto maintain IgG homeostasis and deliver IgGs across cellular barriers.     

环磷酰胺联合泼尼松在系统性红斑狼疮治疗中的疗效及安全性分析

目的 探讨环磷酰胺联合泼尼松在治疗系统性红斑狼疮中的疗效及安全性.方法 选取2011年8月至2014年8月我院收治的系统性红斑狼疮患者82例,在患者自愿的前提下随机分成两组,对照组给予泼尼松治疗,观察组给予环磷酰胺联合泼尼松治疗,检测两组患者治疗前后血清中免疫球蛋白及补体C3、C4水平变化情况,并对比两组患者的疗效及治疗期间不良反应的发生情况.结果 治疗后1个月及3个月观察组各免疫球蛋白水平显著低于对照组,而血清补体水平显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);治疗后3个月,观察组的治疗总有效率显著高于对照组的治疗总有效率,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);而治疗期间,两组患者不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 环磷酰胺联合泼尼松治疗系统性红斑狼疮疗效显著,安全可靠,值得在临床上推广使用.     

卵巢癌患者的免疫功能探讨

目的分析卵巢癌患者外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、免疫球蛋白的变化,监测卵巢癌患者的免疫功能水平。方法用流式细胞仪测定45例卵巢癌患者、35例卵巢良性肿瘤患者和30名健康对照组的外周血T淋巴细胞亚群,采用免疫比浊法测定3组样本血清Ig A、Ig G、Ig M含量。结果卵巢癌患者全血CD8+明显高于健康对照组(P<0.05),而血CD4+及CD4+/CD8+比值则显著低于健康对照组(P<0.05)。Ig G、Ig M水平均高于对照组(P<0.05),而Ig A水平两组无显著差异(P>0.05)。外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和免疫球蛋白的改变与卵巢癌病理分期有关,分期越晚,CD4+及CD4+/CD8+比值越低,CD8+、Ig G、Ig M水平越高,Ⅱ期与Ⅲ期、Ⅳ期之间有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论卵巢癌患者细胞免疫功能降低,体液免疫功能增强。外周血T细胞亚群和免疫球蛋白的检测对判断卵巢癌患者的病情、预后以及机体的免疫功能的判断有一定意义。     

肠系膜淋巴管结扎对MODS大鼠体液免疫功能的影响

目的观察结扎肠系膜淋巴管对二次打击致大鼠多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)体液免疫功能的影响,探讨淋巴途径在MODS发病学中的意义。方法雄性Wistar大鼠均分为结扎组、未结扎组、假手术组三组。前两组以失血-LPS二次打击方法,复制大鼠MODS模型。所有动物实验前后的血清均以免疫比浊法检测IgG、IgA、IgM、C3、C4含量,同时以放射免疫法检测血清TNFα作为反映炎症的指标。结果成功复制了MODS大鼠模型。二次打击后,未结扎组大鼠血清IgG、IgA、IgM、C3、C4及TNFα均显著高于结扎组、假手术组及实验前(P<0.01～0.05),而结扎组与假手术组无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论失血-LPS二次打击可使大鼠免疫球蛋白及补体增多,反映炎症反应剧烈及抗炎反应增强,而肠系膜淋巴管结扎可缓解炎症与抗炎反应,提高存活率,对机体有较好的保护作用。     

一起戊型肝炎暴发的血清抗体比较研究

目的评价戊型肝炎(戊肝)抗体E2-IgM(抗-HEV E2-IgM)酶联免疫试剂(捕获法)在反映戊肝流行特征和对戊肝早期诊断中的作用.方法在首发病例26 d后对某单位戊肝暴发人群和相邻单位对照人群进行血清抗-HEV E2-IgM、IgG检测;部分人群进行美国Genelabs抗-HEV IgM、IgG的平行检测.结果抗-HEV E2-IgM试剂捕获法在对照人群中仅检出1例阳性(0.11%),且阳性和阴性之间可明显区分,其特异度为99.89%;在暴发流行人群中检出145例阳性(8.66%),显著高于对照人群(P＜0.001);暴发人群中戊肝患者的血清学动态变化为抗-HEV E2-IgM在暴露时间为30～60d时保持较高吸光度(A值),随着时间的延长A值呈明显下降趋势;抗-HEV E2-IgM阳性在该组人群中与性别和年龄无关;在暴发人群抗-HEV E2-IgM(+)的115例患者中,Genelabs抗-HEV IgG检测出88份阳性,检出率为76.52%,漏检27例,漏检率为23.48%.对照人群随机抽样179例患者中有20例Genelabs抗-HEVI IgG(+),阳性率为11.17%.在110份抗-HEV E2-IgM(+)的血样中,Genelabs抗-HEVIgM只检测出76份,检出率为69.09%;有16例患者Genelabs抗-HEV IgG、IgM均未能检出;Genelabs抗-HEV IgG和IgM的不一致率为25.45%.结论抗-HEV E2-IgM具有99%左右的特异度,与在正常人群中检出较高阳性率的Genelabs抗-HEV IgG试剂相比,减少了假阳性;抗-HEV E2-IgM与Genelabs抗-HEV IgM、IgG相比,对急性戊肝感染诊断的灵敏度提高了25%～30%,减少了漏诊;抗-HEV E2-IgM试剂盒操作简单、快速,本底较好,不存在酶结合物不足的问题.     

30 and 32 kDa outer membrane proteins of Bordetella pertussis as a modulator on promoting degranulation of mast cells

Asthma is a common allergic disease of respiratorytract in human,especiallyin children [1-3] ,andcan be classified into 3 clinical types ,immediateasthmatic reaction (IAR) ,late asthmatic reaction(LAR) and biphasic asthmatic reaction(BAR)[4] ,in which approximately 60 %of cases intheworld belong to IgE-mediated IAR[5-7] . By theprevious epidemiological studies ,it was reportedthat respiratory infections by some pathogenic mi-croorganisms, such asBordetella pertussis, in-fluenza virus A o…     

我国汉族人群α1基因数目可变串联重复序列分布特征的研究

目的：研究我国汉族人群免疫球蛋白α1基因中3个数目可变串联重复序列(VNTR)多态性分布特征，及其与已报道的高加索人群相比较的特点。 方法: 从现存数据库中寻找α1基因内的3个VNTR位点，即α1基因3’端的hs1,2增强子内的VNTR1、其上游6 Kb 的VNTR2和位于α1基因第5外显子的E5VNTR。 提取201例广东汉族人基因组DNA，PCR分别扩增含上述3个VNTR位点片段，2%－3％凝胶电泳分带鉴定基因型，并以测序证实。 结果: 与高加索人群比较我国汉族人群α1基因 VNTR1多态性分布特征表现为：C（3次重复）等位基因频率明显升高（10.0% vs 1.0%）， A（1次重复）等位基因频率偏低（30.3% vs 36.1%-39.4%）, 差异显著（χ2=72.85，P＜0.01）。 基因型BB占37.8％， AB占32.3％，AA占12％，BC占11.4％, AC占4.5％, CC占2.0％， BC、AC基因型分布频率显著高于高加索人群，而AB型分布频率显著低于高加索人群（χ2=73.77，P＜0.01）。另外两个数据库中报道的VNTR位点（VNTR 2及E5VNTR）在我们所测人群中呈均一分布,PCR产物长度分别为136 bp(VNTR 2)和535 bp(E5VNTR)。 结论: 我国汉族人群α1基因 VNTR多态性分布与基因组数据库中基于高加索人群的资料不尽相同，其中Iα1 hs1,2 VNTR1多态性不同于高加索人群，突出表现为C等位基因频率及BC、AC基因型频率显著高于高加索人群。而VNTR2和E5VNTR在被检人群中未见多态性。本研究弥补了现存数据库中缺乏我国汉族人群相应数据的不足, 同时为以α1基因为候选基因找寻疾病基因的研究提供了可靠的数据。     

乙肝免疫球蛋白联合乙肝疫苗阻断乙肝感染父婴传播的可行性分析

目的观察乙肝疫苗与乙肝免疫球蛋白联合应用对乙肝感染父婴传播阻断的临床效果。方法2012年1月至2015年5月在湛江中心人民医院分娩的产妇及其配偶68对为研究对象,产妇均未感染乙肝病毒,配偶均为乙肝患者,随机分为观察组和对照组各34对。对照组新生儿注射乙肝疫苗,观察组在对照组基础上加用乙肝免疫球蛋白。观察两组新生儿出生体质量、Apgar评分、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平及乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)检测结果。结果两组新生儿出生体质量、Apgar评分以及ALT水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组新生儿HBsAg阳性率为5.88%(2/34),低于对照组23.53%(8/34),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组新生儿HBsAb阳性率为32.35%(11/34),高于对照组11.76%(4/34),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论新生儿应用乙肝疫苗联合乙肝免疫球蛋白,能够对感染乙肝病毒的父婴传播进行有效阻断,明显降低新生儿感染率。     

Protective effect of two new nanovaccines against Pseudomonas aeruginosa based on LPS and OPS: A comparison study

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important infectious pathogens in medicine. This bacterium causes various infections, especially in patients with severe burns and people with defective immune systems. The purpose of this study was to develop a nanovaccine based on PLGA nanoparticles and lipopolysaccharide and oligopolysaccharide antigens for appropriate stimulation of the humoral and cellular immune systems against P. aeruginosa. LPS-PLGA and OPS-PLGA conjugates were synthesized using the carbodiimide reaction. The prepared conjugates of as well as the pure antigens of LPS and OPS were injected to BALB/c mice in three periods at 2 week intervals. The ELISA test showed that the IgM, IgA, IgG, IgG1, IgG2b, IgG2a and IgG3 antibodies produced against LPS-PLGA or OPS-PLGA conjugates were tens of times higher than the pure antigens. Also, the opsonophagocytosis test showed that the performance and the effect of produced anti-LPS-PLGA antibodies were higher than other groups. In addition, the mice treated with LPS-PLGA conjugate were more resistant to P. aeruginosa infection than other groups. These findings indicated that LPS and OPS antigens in conjugation with PLGA nanoparticles have the ability to create and effective immunity against P. aeruginosa and LPS-PLGA is more effective than OPS-PLGA.     

Clinical,immunological and genomic characteristics of children with X-linked agammaglobulinemia from Kerala,South India

X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is an X-linked recessive primary immunodeficiency disorder caused due to a pathogenic variant in the Bruton tyrosine (BTK) gene with an incidence of 1:379,000 live births and 1:190,000 male births. Patients affected with XLA present with recurrent infections of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. Here we report the first case series of 17 XLA patients of 10 South Indian families with a wide spectrum of clinical and genetic features. In our cohort, patients presented mainly with recurrent pneumonia, gastrointestinal infection, otitis media, pyoderma, abscesses, empyema, arthritis, and osteomyelitis. Using next-generation and Sanger sequencing we have identified 10 unique pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in 17 patients. This encompasses three nonsynonymous, two stop-gain, two frameshifts, two structural, and one splicing variant, out of which two of them are novel. Based on the type of variant, patients had variable clinical features and treatment responses. We have also evaluated Btk protein expression for six patients in comparison to the healthy individuals and determined mosaic Btk expression patterns in four mothers. We have also performed family screening in 6 families using Sanger sequencing and identified 19 carriers for the variant. The diagnosis for the patients led to the proper treatment i.e. 15 patients were on intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and the other two had successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Unfortunately, two of our patients died due to sepsis, while on IVIG. We envision the present study could help in better understanding of patients with XLA and help in family screening and prenatal diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest case series of patients affected with XLA from South India.