Interstrain variation of immediate early DNA sequences and glycoprotein B genotypes in cytomegalovirus clinical isolates

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is associated with a high mortality in recipients of an allogeneic stem cell transplant. Apparent differences in biological behaviour have been noted among clinical CMV isolates. By amplifying specific functionally relevant regions of the CMV genome [immediate early (IE) exon 3, glycoprotein B (gB)], a possible association of strain variation and clinical symptoms of infection was analysed in 24 patients. A high number of genome mutations of the IE exon 3 region could be documented translating into amino acid changes of viral isolated of 8 out of 15 patients with symptomatic and 2 out of 9 patients with asymptomatic CMV infection. Identical IE mutations and gB types were observed in isolates from two different sites in 6 patients. gB strain 2 was found to be associated with symptomatic CMV infection (P=0.03). Thus, apart from host factors viral factors might influence the virus-host interaction in severely immunosuppressed patients. Received: 14 April 1997     

Ureteral ligation induces Fos expression in the dorsal horn

To describe a sympathetic afferent circuit, the left ureter was ligated in anesthetized rats for 1.5–2 h followed by immunocytochemical processing to localize expression of either the immediate early gene (IEG) c-fos or Krox-24 in the spinal cord or dorsal root ganglia (DRG). No IEG expression was detected in DRG. Both Fos and Krox-24 expression was found in the dorsal horn. More Fos immunocytochemically stained cells were found in the dorsal hom both ipsi- and contralateral to the ligated ureter at spinal segments T₁₀–T₁₃ after ureteral ligation than after either sham ligation or anesthesia control procedures. More Fos stained cells were in the dorsal horn ipsilateral to the ligated ureter than on the contralateral side. The Fos staining patterns in the dorsal horn of ligated and sham-ligated animals were similar with most labeled cells in dorsomedial portions of laminae I and II. In contrast, the Fos staining pattern in the dorsal horn in anesthetized animals (unoperated controls) was noticeably different from operated animals with the most Fos cells in the ventrolateral part of laminae I-II. These results indicate that (1) Fos immunocytochemistry may be useful for tracing sympathetic afferent pathways, (2) the sensory pathway activated by ureteral ligation enters the spinal cord at lower thoracic levels, where renal and upper ureteral afferents are terminating, and (3) some of this sympathetic afferent pathway is located contralateral to the stimulated kidney. Neurons activated by ureteral ligation in the contralateral dorsal horn may mediate reno-renal reflexes.     

尸体侧脑室容量的CT、体视学法与铸型测定的对照研究

目的：探讨ＣＴ部分容积分析法（ＰＶＡ法）、体视学法定量测定侧脑室容量的准确性。方法：对１３例尸体颅脑ＣＴ扫描，用ＣＴ、ＰＶＡ法、体视学法分别定量测定侧脑室容量，然后对尸体侧脑室铸型测定侧脑室容量，将数据进行统计学处理。结果：ＣＴ、ＰＶＡ法、体视学法、侧脑室铸型所测的侧脑室容量方差分析表明无显著性差异，Ｐ＞００５。结论：ＣＴ、ＰＶＡ法、体视学法都是侧脑室容量定量测定的有效方法，体视学法是断层扫描图像测定侧脑室容量的简便可靠方法，从而为侧脑室容量定量测定提供了实验基础     

Evaluation of postabortion IUD insertion in Egyptian women

This study was carried out at Alhussein University Hospital and Elmonera General Hospital to assess the safety and efficacy of intrauterine device (IUD) insertion immediately after spontaneous abortion compared with insertion 2 weeks after abortion. One hundred women between ages 18 and 40 years were recruited from those admitted via the emergency room with first trimester spontaneous abortion. All women were counseled about a method of contraception, particularly copper T-380, and divided into two groups: Group I, which included 69 women who preferred immediate IUD insertion, and Group II, which included 31 women who asked for late IUD insertion 2 weeks after an abortion. All women were followed at 2, 6, and 10 weeks after insertion of IUDs. Bleeding patterns were comparable in both groups. Mild bleeding occurred in 9.2% and 16% in Groups I and II, respectively; moderate bleeding occurred in 80% and 64%, respectively, and severe bleeding was observed in 10.8% and 20%, respectively. This was not significant. Expulsion rate was 4.5% and 3.4% in Groups I and II, respectively, which was also not significant. There were no cases of perforation or pelvic infections. This study showed that insertion of an IUD immediately after a spontaneous abortion is safe and could be offered to those who have had an abortion and who ask for a method of contraception.     

前牙美观区单牙即刻种植修复

目的 观察前牙单牙延期种植后即刻修复的临床效果。方法 对6例8颗上前牙种植病例，在植入Frialit-2同时接人Pro-Tect基台行复合树脂暂时冠临时修复，根据骨质情况，4～6个月后，接人永久修复体。结果 追踪7～14个月，无种植体丢失。前6个月平均边缘骨丧失为0．89mm。追踪期内，累积平均骨丧失为-1．28mm。结论 严格掌握适应证后，种植后即刻修复，近期效果良好．长期效果有待追踪。     

肺血管径值CT测量及相对比值计算的价值

目的　对离体猪肺血管铸型标本进行测量 ,计算其 1～ 5级血管的上 /下级和同级血管静脉 /动脉的相对比值 ,以评估使用CT测量、计算相对比值的价值。方法　CT扫描灌注铸型药液的 4个标本 ,在铸型标本制成后 ,分别选取血管主干 /左肺后叶 /下段至 5级动脉和静脉 ,测量其径值并计算上 /下级血管和同级静脉 /动脉的相对比值。对CT测量和计算的相对比值和铸型标本上测量和计算的相对比值进行统计学比较。结果　同级静脉 /动脉相对比值中 2级与CT扫描计算的相对比值有差异 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,在 3～ 5级无差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;上下级动脉和静脉相对比值均无差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　CT对血管的上 /下级相对比值评估具有较高价值。     

Presentation, treatment, and outcome of local recurrence after skin-sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction

Background: The local recurrence (LR) rate with skin-sparing mastectomy (SSM) and immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) has been reported as comparable to the LR rate after conventional mastectomy. However, limited data are available on the prognostic significance and management of LR following SSM. Methods: A prospective database maintained at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center identified 437 SSMs performed for 372 invasive T1/T2 breast cancers between 1986 and 1993. Results: Twenty-three LRs were identified, with a LR rate of 6.2% (23/372). Twenty-two of these (96%) presented as palpable skin-flap masses. The median time to recurrence was 25 months (range, 3 to 98 months). Fourteen patients were treated with a combination of surgery and systemic therapy. Resection of the reconstructed breast was performed in only three patients. Complete local control of the recurrent disease was achieved in 17 patients (74%). Nine patients (39%) developed distant metastatic disease. At a median follow-up of 26 months, 14 of 23 patients (61%) are alive without evidence of disease, and 7 (30%) have died from breast cancer. Conclusions: Because LR rate with SSM is low and likelihood of local control and survival is high, SSM and IBR is an acceptable treatment option for early stage breast cancer.