TMPT对实验牙本质封闭剂与树脂水门汀粘接性能的影响

目的:探讨TMPT添加型实验牙本质封闭剂对树脂水门汀粘接性能的影响.方法:通过添加不同比例的TMPT于“劲润”牙本质保护膜(HyC)中试制牙本质封闭剂T0、T33、T67和T100,采用剪切强度测试结合体式显微镜观察断面破坏方式,评价各组实验牙本质封闭剂与Super-Bond C＆B(SU)、Panavia F(PA)及G-CEM(G-CEM)等不同种类水门汀之间的粘接性能.结果:SU与各组实验牙本质封闭剂之间粘接力均较强,达20 MPa以上；G-CEM及PA与T0之间粘接力分别为16.60和12.26 MPa.随着TMPT的添加,SU组粘接力呈现增大趋势,而G-CEM与PA组呈现减小趋势.结论:HyC及TMPT添加型实验牙本质封闭剂与Super-Bond C＆B的粘接性能较好.     

早期快速反应基因5在宫颈癌细胞中的作用机制

随着从基因水平研究肿瘤的发生、增殖、调控、细胞凋亡等机制的不断深入,许多肿瘤相关因子逐渐进入人们的视线。宫颈癌作为仅次于乳腺癌的女性常见恶性肿瘤,放射治疗为主要治疗手段之一,提高放疗敏感性是困扰临床医师的一个重要问题。早期快速反应基因5(IER5)可对外界多种刺激做出快速应答,已被证实在多种肿瘤细胞中可抑制增殖、促进其凋亡,并增强辐射敏感性,但其在DNA损伤修复、细胞凋亡中的作用机制仍不十分明确。     

乳牙滞留拔除后即刻种植的临床研究

目的探讨乳牙滞留患者拔牙后即刻植入种植体的临床特点及可行性。方法 10例15颗滞留乳牙拔除后即刻植入Ankylos或X ive根形种植体,术后单冠修复,随访1年,评价疗效,调查患者满意度。结果临床检查15颗种植体均无动度,X线片上种植体周围无透视影像区,种植后无持续性疼痛、感染、感觉异常。按Jem t种植义齿美学标准评分,平均分（10.53±1.92）分,患者对功能及美学效果满意。结论乳牙滞留患者可以采用拔牙后即刻种植以取得良好的美学效果。     

Pain caused by measles,mumps, and rubella vaccines: A systematic literature review

PurposeThe risk of post-vaccination adverse events (AEs) is a primary public health concern. Among the AEs, pain is a significant source of anxiety for both children and their parents. This review describes and assesses the intensity of pain experienced by children post-vaccination with widely used Measles–Mumps–Rubella (MMR) vaccines.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in Pubmed, Embase and Cochrane to identify publications describing immediate pain at injection site (primary objective) or pain within days (secondary objective) after 2 specific MMR vaccines. Immediate pain (‘acute pain’ according to the Brighton Collaboration case definition) was defined as pain occurring at the time or within 5 min of injection.ResultsFour studies, which compared the intensity of immediate injection site pain experienced by children after MMR vaccination, were identified. Various pain assessment tools and methods were used to quantify the intensity of pain, including the median difference in Visual Analog Scale scores between vaccine groups. All four studies showed significantly less immediate pain caused by Priorix (GSK Vaccines) compared with M-M-R II (Merck & Co., Inc.).ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this review summarizes for the first time the available scientific evidence on the intensity of pain following different MMR vaccines. It highlights that MMR vaccines can differ in terms of immediate pain. Further research may be needed to better understand the underlying reason for this observation. In this context, it is very important to understand which physicochemical properties are most relevant for the immediate pain profile of a vaccine to thereby support the development of vaccines with the best possible immediate pain profile.     

Botulinum toxin type-A and plaster cast treatment in children with upper brachial plexus palsy

Summary

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Electrical stimulation, physical therapy and occupational therapy remain the main treatment for children with upper brachial plexus palsy (UBPP), when surgery has been excluded. A pilot study was undertaken to investigate whether botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) and plaster casting, as adjunct to the physical therapy, decreased muscle contracture and improved the position and function of the impaired arm. METHOD: Twenty-two children (mean age 5.6 +/- 3.4 years) with mild UBPP who previously underwent serial cast treatment, unsuccessfully, were enrolled. Neurological impairment and functional status were quantified using Medical Research Council (MRC) and Mallet scales and the Nine-Hole Peg Test (NHPT). Elbow extension was measured using a goniometer. Biceps brachii, brachialis, pronator teres and pectoralis major muscles were injected with 22 units kg(-1) BoNT-A (Dysport, Ipsen). After injection, the treated arm was fixed with a plaster cast and progressively lengthened over 14 days. The cast was maintained for 30 days. Assessments of elbow extension, MRC, Mallet Scale and NHPT were made at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: After BoNT-A injection, children had significant improvement of active elbow extension (15.5 degrees +/- 17.1 at 12 months after injection, compared with 42.0 degrees +/- 10.4 at baseline; p < 0.001). NPHT scores improved significantly over the 12 months (51.1 +/- 21.8 seconds compared with 56.7 +/- 19.3 seconds at baseline, p < 0.01). MRC and Mallet scale scores of the paretic muscles were unchanged. CONCLUSION: The children showed a reduction in muscular contracture and improvements of the arm position and elbow extension. The data support the use of BoNT-A and plaster casting as an adjunct to physical therapy, in the treatment of children with mild UBPP.     

U.S. State Driving Regulations Relevant to Foot and Ankle Surgeons

The effect of lower extremity pathology and surgery on automobile driving has been a topic of contemporary interest, because these conditions can be associated with impaired driving function. We reviewed the U.S. driving laws relative to foot and ankle patients, for the 50 U.S. states (and District of Columbia). We aimed to address the following questions relative to noncommercial driving regulations: does the state have regulations with respect to driving in a lower extremity cast, driving with a foot/ankle immobilization device, driving with acute or chronic lower extremity pathology or disability, those who have undergone foot and/or ankle surgery, and those with diabetes? Full state-specific answers to the preceding questions are provided. Most states had no explicit or specific regulations with respect to driving in a lower extremity cast, a lower extremity immobilization device, or after foot and/or ankle surgery. Most states asked about diabetes during licensing application and renewal, and some asked specifically about lower extremity neuropathy and amputation. Most did not require physicians to report their patients with potentially impaired driving function (Pennsylvania and Oregon excepted) but had processes in place to allow them to do so at their discretion. Most states have granted civil and/or criminal immunity to physicians with respect to reporting (or lack of reporting) of potentially impaired drivers. It is our hope that this information will be useful in the development of future investigations focusing on driving safety in patients with lower extremity dysfunction.     

The food environment in schools and their immediate vicinities associated with excess weight in adolescence: A systematic review and meta-analysis

AimThe present study systematically reviewed the characteristics of the food environment in schools and their immediate vicinities associated with excess weight in adolescents.MethodsWe searched for relevant articles in seven databases. No restrictions were applied on language, publication date, and status of publication. The study selection process and data extraction were conducted by two authors independently. For meta-analyses, the random-effects model and the maximum-likelihood method were applied.ResultsA total of 9327 publications were identified from the initial search. Of these, 20 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. The sale of food in school or immediate vicinity was associated with high BMI [Odds ratio (OR)= 1.14, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01, 2.06]. The availability of healthy food provided by school significantly decreased the odds of obesity [OR= 0.89, 95%CI 0.82, 0.96]. However, the presence of nutrition policies or programs at school was not associated with obesity (OR= 0.81, 95%CI 0.57, 1.16).ConclusionsThis study highlights the need for improvement in school food environment, including restricting students' exposure to unhealthy foods. The quality of food (healthy vs unhealthy) provided or made available to adolescents in the school food environment influences their weight status. Therefore, promotion of healthy food programs and availability of healthy food at school would limit the prevalence of excess weight in adolescents.