乳腺癌改良根治术后假体置入即刻乳房再造的研究

目的 研究实施乳腺癌改良根治加术后假体置入即刻乳房再造手术治疗早期乳腺癌的可行性和推广这种术式的可能性。方法 对临床Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌或者低度恶性肿瘤的病人，实施了乳腺癌改良根治术后即刻乳房再造手术。术前检查明确有无手术指征，常规实施保留胸大肌和胸小肌的乳腺癌改良根术，按自愿选择的原则采用即刻乳房再造手术。根据术后病理情况及其他预后指标决定术后辅助治疗方案，分别于术后3、6、12个月评价即刻乳房再造手术的美容效果。结果 共实施乳腺癌改良根治术后假体置入即刻乳房再造手术15例，占同期乳腺恶性肿瘤手术病人的2．2％。肿瘤直径1．5～11．0cm，术后病理浸润性导管癌11例，黏液腺癌1例，叶状囊肉瘤3例。全部病例随访未发现复发和转移，1例术后出现轻度假体移位，1例放疗后出现假体轻度萎缩，美容效果不理想。结论 乳腺癌改良根治加术后假体置入即刻乳房再造手术美容效果良好，可显著提高乳腺癌患者的生活质量。     

木瓜蛋白酶与石膏制动建立兔膝骨关节炎模型的比较

目的 比较木瓜蛋白酶关节腔注射与关节石膏伸直位制动建立兔膝骨关节炎模型的效果.方法 将21只实验兔采用随机区组分组法分为正常组、木瓜蛋白酶组及石膏组,每组7只.木瓜蛋白酶组予6%木瓜蛋白酶生理盐水溶液于实验开始第1、4、7天行右膝关节腔注射,注射结束4周后造模完成;石膏组予膝关节伸直位固定6周;记录实验期间动物不良情况发生率,造模完成后处死实验兔,取软骨标本进行大体观察、Pelletier评分、Mankin′s评分,免疫组化测定软骨Ⅱ型胶原蛋白含量, ELISA法检测血清和关节液中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、软骨寡聚基质蛋白(COMP)以及基质金属蛋白酶-3(MMP-3)的含量.结果 大体观察显示木瓜蛋白酶组与石膏组均出现关节肿胀、关节间隙变窄、软骨缺损、滑膜增生硬化、炎症改变、骨赘形成;Pelletier 评分、Mankin′s 评分、Ⅱ型胶原蛋白含量、血清和关节液中TNF-α、COMP以及MMP-3的含量,木瓜蛋白酶组、石膏组与正常组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);木瓜蛋白酶组与石膏组比较,上述指标差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).木瓜蛋白酶组动物不良情况发生率明显低于石膏组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 木瓜蛋白酶关节腔注射与石膏关节伸直位制动均能成功建立膝骨关节炎模型,但木瓜蛋白酶关节腔注射法更为快捷、简便,并发情况少,可行性好.     

肝移植术后胆管铸型的电镜观察

目的 探讨肝移植术后胆管铸型的超微结构及其与胆道感染的关系.方法 手术过程中,无菌条件下收集11例肝移植术后患者的胆管铸型,留取标本.从留取的标本中随机抽取6例进行扫描电镜观察.结果 6例铸型表现为多种形态,在铸型中均未观察到有细菌或细菌残骸存在.结论 铸型中没有找到细菌的踪迹,胆管炎症可能不是其病因之一.     

乳腺癌乳房部分切除术后即刻背阔肌肌皮瓣重建乳房的临床应用

Objective To study the immediate conservative breast surgical reconstruction by trans-ferring the same lateral latissimus dorsal myocutaneous flap (LDM) for the treatment of stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ breast cancer, combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods Breast cancer patients in stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ with pathological diagnosis by core needle biopsy, had undergone immediate conservative breast reconstruction surgery with transferring the latissimus dorsal myocutaneous (LDM). We scored the reconstructed breast twice at one month after operation and completion of radiation. The final score was decided using the mean value of the twice evaluating score. Kaplan-Meier survival was used to analyze the survival of 18 cases with traditional mastectomy. Results The tumor size ranged from 30 mm to 55 mm before neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and ranged from 25mm to 45 mm after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The median weight of the tumor specimens in breast conservative operation was 140 g (90 g to 220 g). A-mong the 18 patients, 16 cases had more than 3 scores with satisfied cosmetics (93.33 % ). Dorsal subcu-taneous seroma in donation area was observed in 5 of 18 patients (27.78 %) and dorsal incision dehiscence was observed in 2 of 18 patients (11.11%). None of the patients developed recurrence except that 1 pa-tient (5.55 %) had distance metastasis (bone metastasis} in a mean 22-months follow-up. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve in breast conservation reconstruction patients had no different from that of traditional mastectomy patients at the same time. Conclusions Immediate conservative breast surgical reconstruction by using the same lateral latissimus dorsal myocutaneous flap is an effective method for stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ breast cancer patients combined with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which can increase satisfactory breast so that cosmetic outcome can be reached.     

Does Thumb Immobilization Contribute to Scaphoid Fracture Stability?

Immobilization protocols for nondisplaced scaphoid fractures have included the elbow, wrist, and thumb. This study attempts to demonstrate whether or not immobilization of the thumb makes a difference in preventing motion at the scaphoid fracture site. Using six fresh frozen forearm specimens, a transverse waist scaphoid fracture was created through a dorsal approach. Metallic markers were imbedded on either side of the fracture. Sutures were secured to the flexor pollicus longus (FPL) and extensor pollicus longus (EPL). Each specimen was loaded in extension and flexion by attaching 50-g weights to the EPL and FPL, first with no casting, then with a short arm cast, and finally a short arm thumb spica cast. Angulation and displacement at the fracture site were measured in the coronal, sagittal, and axial planes utilizing image reconstructions from computed tomography. One-way ANOVA with repeated measures and Tukey–Kramer multiple comparison test post hoc analysis were used for statistical evaluation. There was no significant difference in fracture angulation or rotation between spica and short arm casts. There was a significant difference in angulation and rotation in all three planes when comparing between casting and no casting, p < 0.05. In our cadaveric model, wrist immobilization is crucial for nondisplaced scaphoid waist fractures, and short arm casting was just as effective as thumb spica casting in preventing fracture displacement.     

夹板固定与石膏固定治疗桡骨远端关节外骨折的疗效比较

我院自2002年1月-2005年5月,对126例桡骨远端关节外骨折分别采用石膏固定和小夹板外固定,并对这两组治疗方法和疗效进行回顾性分析。1资料与方法1.1临床资料本组126例,男42例,女84例;年龄23～82岁,平均54.4岁。致伤原因:车祸伤15例,滑倒或高处坠落伤96例,其他伤15例。左侧46例,     

肝移植后胆道铸型综合征病人中HLA抗体检测的临床意义

目的 研究肝移植受者体内的HLA致敏状态与胆道铸型综合征的关系以及HLA抗体在预测免疫因素引起胆道铸型综合征中的作用.方法 收集52例肝移植病人术前术后8个时间点系列血清共416份,用ELISA法检测受者血清中HLA抗体,将52例病人分为两组,20例无胆道铸型综合征者为对照组,32例发生胆道铸型综合征者设为实验组,分析两组间HLA抗体水平有无显著性差异,及与主要生化指标变化的关系.结果 胆道铸型综合征组术后HLA抗体阳性率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),胆道铸型综合征临床症状恢复时间与HLA-Ⅱ类抗体的出现时间呈负相关性.结论 HLA-Ⅱ类抗体的动态监测可作为胆道铸型综合征发生的预警信号.     

Health Implications of PAH Release from Coated Cast Iron Drinking Water Distribution Systems in the Netherlands

Background: Coal tar and bitumen have been historically used to coat the insides of cast iron drinking water mains. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) may leach from these coatings into the drinking water and form a potential health risk for humans.Objective: We estimated the potential human cancer risk from PAHs in coated cast iron water mains.Method: In a Dutch nationwide study, we collected drinking water samples at 120 locations over a period of 17 days under various operational conditions, such as undisturbed operation, during flushing of pipes, and after a mains repair, and analyzed these samples for PAHs. We then estimated the health risk associated with an exposure scenario over a lifetime.Results: During flushing, PAH levels frequently exceeded drinking water quality standards; after flushing, these levels dropped rapidly. After the repair of cast iron water mains, PAH levels exceeded the drinking water standards for up to 40 days in some locations.Conclusions: The estimated margin of exposure for PAH exposure through drinking water was > 10,000 for all 120 measurement locations, which suggests that PAH exposure through drinking water is of low concern for consumer health. However, factors that differ among water systems, such as the use of chlorination for disinfection, may influence PAH levels in other locations.     

Cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression is associated with c-fos mRNA expression and transient water ADC reduction detected with diffusion MRI during acute focal ischemia in rats

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays an important role in the development of injury during cerebral ischemia and inhibition of its activity can reduce infarct size. COX-2 expression during acute ischemia is caused by activation of post-synaptic glutamate receptors, which occurs during spreading depression and ischemic depolarization. Both of these phenomena cause a reduction in the apparent diffusion coefficient of water (ADC), which can be detected with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. The reduction is believed to be caused by cellular swelling that occurs as cells depolarize. The goal of this work was to determine the spatial relationship between cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA (cox-2) expression, c-fos mRNA expression and ADC reduction during acute focal cerebral ischemia. Adult rats were subjected to either 30- or 60-min permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. A 2-Tesla scanner was used to acquire diffusion-weighted echo-planar images throughout the ischemic period, which were used to calculate ADC maps. Cox-2 and c-fos mRNA were detected with (35)S in situ hybridization. The results indicate that, for rats subjected to 60-min ischemia, cox-2 was observed in superficial layers of cortex, where transient ADC reduction and c-fos expression were observed. The same was true for most rats subjected to 30-min ischemia. However, in a small number of rats of the 30-min group, cox-2 mRNA expression was observed in regions exhibiting transient and persistent ADC reduction with no c-fos expression. The results suggest that cox-2 mRNA expression during acute MCA occlusion is caused by either or both spreading depression and transient ischemic depolarization.     

Nimodipine potentiates light-induced phase shifts of circadian activity rhythms but not c-fos expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of mice

The present study assessed whether treatment with the L-type calcium channel antagonist nimodipine affects the responsiveness of the circadian pacemaker to light in C3H/HeN mice. Nimodipine (10 mg/kg, sc) increased the magnitude of light-induced phase delays (P<0.01) and c-fos mRNA expression in the paraventricular nuclei (P<0.01), but not in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN). These results suggest that nimodipine may affect phase shifts of circadian activity rhythms through a mechanism independent of c-fos expression in the SCN.