纤维喉镜下气管食管穿刺术及Provox发音钮植入的体会

目的 探讨采用纤维喉镜监察替代硬管食管镜或颈外径路进行气管食管穿刺及植入Provox发音钮的效果。方法 本文引述2例在纤维喉镜下进行二期气管食管穿刺术，2例分别在全麻及局麻下进行，植入Provox发音钮后，再以纤维喉镜检定位置。结果 2例术后能实时使用Provox发音钮发声，音色响亮清澈，并无不良反应。结论 纤维喉镜监察下进行气管食管穿刺术，准确性高，手术创伤小，对因手术或放疗引起颈项不能后仰的病人特别有利。     

Changes in patterns of left ventricular hypertrophy after aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis and regurgitation with St. Jude Medical cardiac valves

In this study, we analyzed the extent and pattern of regression of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy after aortic valve replacement in patients with aortic stenosis (AS) and compared the results with those of another group of patients with aortic regurgitation (AR). Seventy patients who underwent isolated aortic valve replacement were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 was comprised of 29 patients who underwent aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis, and Group 2 of 41 patients who underwent aortic valve replacement for aortic regurgitation. A third group of 10 healthy subjects served as a healthy control group. Echocardiographic studies were done before the operation and 5 years postoperatively. At follow-up, a significant reduction in the left ventricular mass was found in both groups, but it remained significantly greater than in the healthy control group. The ratio of LV wall thickness to radius (th/r) in Group 1 decreased significantly, and at follow-up it was within the normal value. In Group 2, the th/r ratio increased, and at follow-up it was within the normal value. After aortic valve replacement, the wall thickness remained significantly greater than normal for patients with AS, and the chamber radius remained significantly greater than normal for patients with AR. For these reasons, LV hypertrophy still existed in both groups at postoperative follow-up. The actuarial survival rate was 85.3% at 16 years for Group 1 and 83.4% at 18 years for Group 2. There was no significant difference in the long-term survival rates between the 2 groups. Actuarial freedom from valve-related events was 91.9% at 16 years for Group 1 and 82% at 18 years for Group 2. There was no significant difference in the valve-related event free curves between groups. After 5 years of follow-up, th/r reached normal for both groups, indicating remodeling of the LV geometry after aortic valve replacement.     

Diagnostic and Perinatal Management of Fetal Extrasystole

Fifty fetuses referred to the Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital for fetal echocardiography between January 1, 1991 and June 1, 1995 were evaluated. The mean fetal gestational age at the time of diagnosis of arrhythmia was 34.1 weeks, and the mean gestational age at the time of delivery was 38.7 weeks. Checkup echocardiographic examinations were performed every 10–14 days, for a mean 2.4 studies per fetus. In most cases (48/50, 96%), premature atrial contractions were present during the first echocardiography examination. The fetal heart study was normal in 30 cases; in 7 (14%) there was tricuspid valve regurgitation, in 7 (14%) an atrial septal aneurysm, in 4 congenital heart defects, in 1 myocardial hypertrophy, and in 1 disproportion in the four-chamber view. Of the 50 fetuses, 43 underwent regular echocardiographic monitoring alone; in 7 cases, based on the presence of additional echocardiographic findings, pharmacotherapy was applied (digoxin, verapamil, or both). Three neonates died after delivery owing to malformations in two cases (one critical aortic stenosis, one spina bifida plus hygroma colli) and due to myocarditis in one case. In six of seven newborns treated in utero, myocarditis was diagnosed after birth (including the one with neonatal demise). Most of the newborns were in good condition after birth, their mean Apgar score being 8.6 and the mean birth weight 3259 g. We concluded that most extrasystoles represent an isolated anomaly, not affecting the fetal condition. Their presence should not influence the obstetric care and may require only echocardiographic monitoring. In most of our cases the premature contractions subsided after birth, although sometimes they preceded fetal supraventricular tachycardia or appeared after congenital myocarditis.     

Tetralogy of Fallot with Absent Pulmonary Valve and Bronchial Compression: Treatment with Endobronchial Stents

Absent pulmonary valve syndrome (APVS) is a rare congenital cardiac lesion. The lesion includes ventricular septal defect, overriding aorta, and absence of the pulmonary valve, with resultant pulmonary incompetence. It has been suggested that the pulmonary incompetence induces intrauterine dilatation of the pulmonary artery, which leads to tracheobronchial compression. One of the presenting features in infants with APVS is severe airway obstruction, which may be difficult to manage. We report an infant who benefited from bilateral endobronchial endoscopic stent placement.     

Primary Mitral Valve Sarcoma in Infancy

Primary cardiac sarcoma is a rare tumor, found especially in children, particularly in the left side of the heart. This report describes a rare case of primary mitral valve sarcoma in a 7-month-old male infant with hemiparesis and heart murmur who underwent mitral valve replacement because of excessive invasion of the mitral valve by the tumor. The patient remains well, free of recurrence and cerebral metastasis, and without adjuvant therapy 18 months after the operation.     

吸入NO对体外循环术中肺缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 :探讨吸入一氧化氮 (NO)对体外循环手术中肺缺血再灌注损伤有无保护作用。方法 :将 2 0例风湿性心脏瓣膜疾病患者随机分为对照组和NO组 ,术中观察平均肺动脉压 (MPaP)、肺动脉阻力 (PVR)、气道峰压 (PAP)、动脉血氧分压 (PaO2 )、环磷酸鸟苷 (cGMP)、细胞间粘附分子 1(ICAM 1)、黄嘌呤氧化酶 (XOD)及丙二醛含量 (MDA) ,并记录术后应用人工呼吸时间。结果 :与NO组相比 ,对照组再灌注后PAP ,MPaP ,PVR明显升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;肺氧合功能明显受损 ,术后使用人工呼吸机时间显著延长 (P <0 .0 1) ;cGMP明显降低 (P <0 .0 1) ,而ICAM 1,XOD及MDA明显升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :说明体外循环术中存在明显的肺缺血再灌注损伤 ,再灌注后 11min吸入 2 0ppmNO连续 30min对该损伤有明显的保护作用 ,其机制与增加cMGP ,ICAM 1及XOD活性 ,降低及灭活 /减少氧自由基生成有关。     

The Histology of the Lung in Neonates with Tricuspid Valve Disease and Gross Cardiomegaly Due to Severe Regurgitation

Lung autopsies from four neonates with Ebstein's anomaly or tricuspid valve dysplasia and gross cardiomegaly were examined. The mean cardiothoracic ratio was 92 ± 0.5%. The degrees of pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary artery muscularization were assessed and were compared with those in lungs from four controls and four patients with diaphragmatic hernias. Lung and body weight ratios and radial alveolar counts, which reflect pulmonary hypoplasia and immaturity, were significantly decreased only in patients with diaphragmatic hernia. The thickness of the medial muscle layer in small pulmonary arteries was greater in patients with diaphragmatic hernia; however, in patients with tricuspid valve disease, it was relatively small. Abnormal vascular muscle extension was seen only in patients with diaphragmatic hernia. In the cases of tricuspid valve disease, although cardiomegaly and lung compression were severe, lung hypoplasia and immaturity were not, and neither abnormal medial thickening nor extension were found. Our results suggest that, at least in full-term infants with tricuspid valve disease, surgical relief of lung compression may improve respiratory function, even if the cardiomegaly is severe.     

自体心包瓣“内皮化”的实验研究

目的 探讨有利于自体心包瓣内皮化的处理方法。方法 将体外培养小牛主动脉内皮细胞接种于不同方法处理的自体牛心包表面。采用＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ摄取量测定、扫描电镜及放射免疫法观察不同处理方法对接种后内皮细胞生长、前列环素（ＰＧＩ２）合成量和细胞内ｃＡＭＰ含量的影响。结果 三种不同浓度戊二醛短时间（１０ｍｉｎ）处理的心包表面内皮细胞均可生长,其中以体积分数为０．２％戊二种不同浓度戊二醛短时间（１０ｍｉｎ）处理     

脑疝复位天幕切开与常规手术治疗重型脑外伤脑疝的临床对照研究

目的　比较脑疝复位天幕裂孔切开与常规去骨瓣手术治疗重型脑外伤引起脑挫裂伤脑水肿、颅内血肿出现脑疝晚期患者的手术效果。方法　共收治重型脑外伤脑疝晚期患者5 6例,分为2组:脑疝复位组31例;常规手术组2 5例。患者术前GCS计分均为3～5分、双瞳孔散大或有不同程度散大,所有患者都经头颅CT扫描确定脑损伤情况。结果　患者术后存活者随访1a ,脑疝复位组:恢复良好/中残1 0例、重残/长期昏迷7例、死亡1 4例(45 %) ;常规手术组:恢复良好/中残1例、重残/长期昏迷3例、死亡2 1例(84 %) (P <0 .0 5 )。脑疝复位组术后大脑后动脉梗死、应激性溃疡、脑积水发生率明显低于常规手术组(P均<0 .0 5 )。结论　脑疝复位天幕裂孔切开治疗重型脑外伤引起脑挫裂伤脑水肿、颅内血肿出现脑疝晚期患者疗效明显优于常规去骨瓣手术。     

老年退行性心脏瓣膜病临床研究

目的探讨老年退行性心脏瓣膜病(SRC)的临床特征。方法对66例SRC惠者的临床资料进行分析，包括静息心电图、运动心电图、心脏彩超，胸片，血脂及心力衰竭临床表现和治疗反应。结果左房室瓣和主动脉解钙化分别为76％和70％，心房颤动为76％。心脏收缩和舒张功能影响较小(EF≥65％者为79％)，主动脉弓内钙化影为79％；脂质代谢无明显异常。结论对老年人起病较晚。伴心脏明显杂音和心房纤颤，胸片提示主动脉弓内有显著钙化影和血脂无明显异常者，应积极作心脏彩超检查，以同冠心病和其他心脏病相鉴别。