Changes in the spectrum of kidney diseases: a survey of 2803 patients from 2010 to 2018 at a single center in southeastern China

Primary glomerular disease was the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in China; however, changes in the economy and environment introduce variations in the spectrum of kidney diseases. This study aimed to analyze renal biopsy data to inform disease prevention and public health interventions. In this retrospective cohort study, data from 2,803 consecutive renal biopsies conducted at our center between January 2010 and December 2018 were analyzed. The sample was disaggregated by age and the date of biopsy to facilitate analysis. Primary glomerulonephritis (PGN) is the most frequent (81.84%) finding, followed by secondary glomerulonephritis (SGN; 15.38%), tubulointerstitial nephritis (15.38%), and others (1.57%). IgA nephropathy (IgAN), idiopathic membranous nephropathy (iMN), and minimal change disease were the primary causes of PGN. Among PGN cases, the incidence of iMN arose, especially among those aged ≥ 60 years old, during the observation period. Contrary to the case of iMN, the proportion of IgAN in PGN trended downward, continuously, and at length. Moreover, IgAN mainly affected those aged 25–44 years old and less so those aged ≥ 60 years old. Lupus nephritis, Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis, and diabetic nephropathy (DN) were key causes of SGN. A ratio reversal between infectious disease and chronic disease dramatically changed SGN patterns. In the past year, the incidence of hepatitis B–related nephritis has constantly declined; however, the proportion of DN among SGN had steadily increased. The incidence of iMN significantly increased during these years. Among SGN cases, the proportion of DN has increased.     

Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy with Solitary Immunoglobulin A Deposition: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature

A 63-year-old man with an 8-year history of proteinuria was diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome, and a renal biopsy was performed. Light and electron microscopic analyses showed classic features of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). However, immunofluorescence tests revealed solitary polyclonal granular IgA deposition along the glomerular capillary walls, rather than IgG, which is often dominant in IMN. The combined use of corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitor was noticeably effective in reducing proteinuria and improving edema in the current case. Two additional rare cases of IMN with solitary IgA deposition were reviewed, and long-term surveillance is still warranted to characterize its clinicopathological features and outcome.     

Free light chains as an emerging biomarker in saliva: Biological variability and comparisons with salivary IgA and steroid hormones

BackgroundSalivary free light chains (FLCs) are an emerging biomarker in health and behavioural research. However, little is known regarding biological variability of salivary FLCs and how they relate to other established salivary biomarkers. This study aimed to investigate the diurnal and day-to-day variation of salivary FLCs and their relationship with salivary IgA and steroid hormones.MethodsA total of 46 healthy adults participated in studies exploring the biological variability of FLCs. Diurnal variation was investigated by collecting saliva samples immediately upon waking, 0.5 h, 3 h, 6 h, 9 h and 14 h post-waking. Saliva samples were assessed for FLCs, IgA, cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Between-day variation in FLCs and IgA was assessed by collecting saliva samples immediately upon waking for seven consecutive days. Participants underwent a dental examination to exclude oral health as a potential confounding variable. Within and between-person day-to day variation was explored in relation to a range of different factors: awakening time, sleep, exercise, well-being and alcohol consumption.ResultsSalivary secretion rates of FLCs decreased following waking and up to 3 h post-waking and then plateaued. This same pattern was observed for IgA. DHEA was stable upon waking and higher levels were seen in the morning with significantly lower levels thereafter. Cortisol levels significantly increased 0.5 h post-waking then continued to decline across the day. FLCs were significantly correlated with IgA but not cortisol or DHEA. Both FLCs and IgA parameters showed day-to-day variability, with coefficients of variation ≥ 40%. Earlier waking time was significantly correlated with higher FLC and IgA secretion rates. Inter-person differences in saliva parameter variability were observed but the degree of variation in FLCs and IgA was related within person. Inter-person day-to-day variation appeared to be uninfluenced by lifestyle or behavioural factors.ConclusionsSaliva FLCs secretion exhibits diurnal fluctuation that mirrors IgA fluctuation. Findings strongly indicate salivary FLC secretion is orchestrated by local plasma cells. FLCs and IgA both showed notable variability day-to-day, which was similar within person and influenced by awakening time. FLCs offer a promising adjunct to IgA in the measurement of oral immune activation.     

威草胶囊治疗尿酸性肾病的实验研究

目的 :探讨威草胶囊对尿酸性肾病大鼠模型的治疗效果及其可能作用机理。方法 :用腺嘌呤加沙丁鱼造模 ,并将大鼠分为正常对照组、模型空白组、小剂量威草胶囊治疗组、大剂量威草胶囊治疗组、别嘌呤醇治疗组 ,在造模的同时 ,分别给予以上述药物灌胃 ,在实验前及实验后测定大鼠的血尿酸 (UA)、尿素氮 (BUN)、血肌酐 (Scr)、黄嘌呤氧化酶 (XOD)、尿尿酸、内生肌酐清除率 (Ccr)、2 4h蛋白尿、肾指数及肾脏病理组织检查。结果 :4周后威草胶囊明显改善模型大鼠的一般症状 ,与模型组大鼠相比 ,治疗组大鼠的血尿酸明显减少 ,尿尿酸明显增多 ,肾功能改善 ,黄嘌呤氧化酶活性下降 ,肾指数下降 ,纤维化程度减轻 ,肾组织内尿酸盐沉积物减少 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :威草胶囊对尿酸性肾病大鼠有明显的治疗效果。     

来氟米特辅治免疫介导性肾脏病的疗效观察

目的观察来氟米特治疗免疫介导性肾脏病的疗效与安全性。方法免疫介导性肾脏病患者40例随机分为2组,每组20例,治疗组予激素联合来氟米特,对照组予激素联合环磷酰胺治疗,治疗0.5~1年后比较2组临床缓解率和不良反应发生率。结果治疗组总有效率高于对照组(90.0%vs 40.0%,P<0.01);治疗后2组患者血清白蛋白水平均不同程度上升(P<0.05,P<0.01),除对照组三酰甘油外,2组24 h尿蛋白定量、血肌酐等指标水平均不同程度下降(P<0.01),而治疗组较对照组改善更明显(P<0.01);不良反应发生率及严重程度均低于对照组(25.0%vs 70.0%,P<0.01)。结论来氟米特治疗免疫介导性肾脏病效果优于环磷酰胺,且安全性高。     

从肺论治IgA肾病临床研究

目的 基于从肺论治肾病理论,探讨参芪扶正汤加减联合前列地尔对IgA肾病的影响.方法 选取2011年3月-2016年3月于我院就诊的气阴两虚型IgA肾病患者60例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,各30例,对照组给予前列地尔,观察组在对照组基础上加用参芪扶正汤加减治疗.2组均治疗3个月,比较治疗前后2组血清胱抑素C、血肌酐、血尿素氮、血浆白蛋白及24 h尿蛋白水平及临床总有效率.结果 治疗结束前后相比,血清胱抑素C、血肌酐、24 h尿蛋白水平均降低(P<0.05);血浆白蛋白水平均升高(P<0.05),与对照组相比,观察组血清胱抑素C、血肌酐、血尿素氮及24 h尿蛋白水平较低(P<0.05),血浆白蛋白水平较高(P<0.05);临床总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05).结论 从肺论治IgA肾病,能提高患者的临床总有效率,推测其机制可能与降低血清胱抑素C、血肌酐、血尿素氮及24 h尿蛋白水平,升高血浆白蛋白水平有关.     

TSo联合IFN-γ鼻内免疫小鼠诱导的弓形虫IgA抗体特异性免疫应答

目的研究速殖子超声裂解物(TSo)和IFN-γ鼻内免疫小鼠经口感染弓形虫速殖子后,血清、小肠液和粪便IgA抗体分泌的动态变化。方法将6～7周龄BALB/c小鼠100只随机分为4组,每组25只,分别用10μl缓冲液PBS、20μgTSo、500UIFN-γ和20μgTSo 500UIFN-γ鼻内免疫小鼠。用RH株弓形虫速殖子4×104个/只灌胃攻击,分别于攻击后第7、10、13、16、19天处死小鼠,收集血清、小肠液及粪便,ELISA法测定IgA含量。结果各组血清IgA抗体水平在攻击后第10天达到峰值,TSo IFN-γ组血清IgA抗体含量高于其他各组。小肠液和粪便IgA抗体含量在攻击后第13天达到峰值,在实验期各时点TSo IFN-γ组小肠液和粪便IgA抗体含量高于其他组。小肠液与粪便IgA抗体水平呈正相关。结论TSo或IFN-γ或TSo联合IFN-γ鼻内免疫小鼠可诱导黏膜免疫,产生高水平的弓形虫特异性IgA抗体。TSo联合IFN-γ鼻内免疫优于单独免疫,免疫小鼠肠道产生大量SIgA,发挥抗虫作用。鼻黏膜免疫是一种安全有效的免疫接种途径。     

汉坦病毒重组蛋白检测血清中特异性IgA、IgM抗体的动态变化

目的:探讨重组蛋白检测血清中特异性IgA、IgM抗体的动态变化。方法:用杆状病毒表达的汉坦病毒重组核蛋白(rNP)和糖蛋白(rGP)为抗原,检测14例61份急性期SEO型病人系列血清中的特异性IgA、IgM,寻找HFRS病人IgA、IgM抗体的动态变化规律。结果:几乎所有HFRS病人早期即有强烈的IgA、IgM应答,尤其是针对rNP的抗体出现早且滴度高,抗rGP出现亦早,但滴度偏低。结论:应用rNP和rGP为抗原,在发病早期检测IgM的同时,检测I-gA,可以起到互补的作用,特别是对HFRS早期临床表现不典型的病例。     

IgA肾病高血压发生的影响因素分析

目的：探讨IgA肾病高血压发生的影响因素。方法：93例IgA肾病患者，其中高血压36例，血压正常57例。对2组临床病理资料进行回顾性病例对照研究，运用单因素和多因素方法分析其高血压发生与临床病理因素的关系。结果：IgA肾病的小动脉增厚表现为肌层增厚或玻璃样变性，管腔狭窄。单因素及多因素Logistic回归结果显示年龄、蛋白尿程度、血肌酐水平及肾小动脉管壁增厚为IgA肾病高血压发生的独立危险因素。结论：年龄、蛋白尿程度、血肌酐水平及肾小动脉管壁增厚与IgA肾病高血压的发生有关。