特发性肺纤维化“肺虚络瘀”病机发微

总结历代医家对肺痿的病机认识。结合络病理论和肺络的生理特性和生理功能,阐述特发性肺纤维化"肺虚络瘀"的病变机制。其中"肺虚"以肺阴亏虚为本,络虚不荣为枢;"络瘀"以痰瘀伏络为本,痰热毒瘀互结为要。     

特发性肺纤维化患者生存质量评价研究

目的:探讨研究特发性肺纤维化患者的生存质量评价体系,评估生存质量测评表对特发性肺纤维化患者评价的可行性。方法:应用自制的生存质量测评表对36例特发性肺纤维化患者中医药干预前后的生存质量进行分析比较。结果:本生存质量测评表能够有效地评价特发性肺纤维化患者的生存质量;结论:特发性肺纤维化患者的生存质量评价,是反映特发性肺纤维化患者临床疗效、健康状况的有效方法,值得进一步探讨。     

Diagnosis and prognostic value of restrictive ventilatory disorders in the elderly: a systematic review of the literature

Although less extensively studied compared to pulmonary obstructive diseases, restrictive lung disease (RLD) is highly prevalent and frequently disabling in the adult and, more, the elderly population. The underlying conditions may be either primarily pulmonary diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, or non respiratory conditions secondarily affecting the lung, e. g. congestive heart failure, or else conditions affecting the lung expansion, e. g. obesity or rib cage deformity. The diagnosis is frequently based on the measurement of surrogate indexes such as the forced vital capacity (FVC) used as a proxy for total lung capacity (TLC). As a consequence, diagnosis of RLD is often characterized by poor specificity. In the elderly, worsening in the quality of life and poor prognosis are variably, but significantly, associated to RLD, being the underlying condition an important source of variability. Several causes of RLD are preventable and treatable conditions. A prompt identification of these conditions may allow to slow the decline of respiratory reserve and, thus, to preserve both personal independence and resistance to acute respiratory infections. This review gives an update on the latest evidence available on the prevalence and the prognosis of RLD in the elderly. Studies were identified through systematic searches of the electronic database MEDLINE. Reference list of eligible papers were also manually searched.     

Preparation and Quality Evaluation of Salvianolic Acids and Tanshinones Dry Powder Inhalation

Salvianolic acids and tanshinones both exhibit efficacy in treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but their formulation limits their clinical use. This study aimed to prepare the salvianolic acids and tanshinones dry powder for inhalation (SPI) to achieve pulmonary delivery for the treatment of IPF. The variable quantities of salvianolic acids and tanshinones composite powder were optimized using the central composite design-response surface method. Different carriers with various drug-carrier ratios were optimized to prepare SPI. The final optimized formulation of SPI was as follows: InhaLac 230^® was selected as the carrier with drug:carrier = 1:6, and the milled lactose InhaLac 400^® was added at 5%. The developed SPI characterized with an angle of repose 52.46 ± 1.04°, Carr's index of 34.00 ± 0.50% and showed high lung deposition in vitro, indicating the potential of pulmonary delivery for the treatment of IPF.     

肺纤方对特发性肺间质纤维化患者血清基质金属蛋白酶1、2及其抑制剂的影响

目的:观察肺纤方治疗特发性肺间质纤维化的疗效和对患者肺基质重塑的影响。方法:将40例特发性肺间质纤维化患者随机分为治疗组20例、对照组20例,治疗组给予中药肺纤方治疗,对照组给予激素泼尼松治疗,疗程均为3个月。观察治疗后的临床疗效和患者血清基质金属蛋白酶1、2及其抑制剂的变化。结果:治疗组总有效率为84.2%,对照组总有效率为81.3%,肺纤方组治疗后能显著降低患者血清基质金属蛋白酶1、2及其抑制剂。结论:肺纤方能有效治疗特发性肺间质纤维化可能与其抑制患者肺基质重塑有关。     

Reduced area of the normal lung on high-resolution computed tomography predicts poor survival in patients with lung cancer and combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema

Background

This study aimed to determine the radiologic predictors and clarify the clinical features related to survival in patients with combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) and lung cancer.

AKR1B10 in usual interstitial pneumonia: expression in squamous metaplasia in association with smoking and lung cancer

The incidence of lung cancer (LC) is markedly increased among patients with usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), and tobacco smoking is its superimposed risk factor. AKR1B10 (aldo-keto reductase 1B10) is frequently overexpressed in pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma in smokers. To investigate the role of AKR1B10 in the pulmonary carcinogenesis in UIP with correlation to tobacco smoking, we examined 13 UIP cases with LC, 13 UIP cases without LC, and 30 cases of non-UIP LC using AKR1B10 immunohistochemistry. AKR1B10 immunoreactivity was confined to squamous metaplasia in honeycomb lesions of UIP and neoplastic cells of LC. Squamous metaplastic foci showed AKR1B10 immunoreactivity more frequently in UIP with LC (24/36 foci, 67%) than in UIP without LC (16/44 foci, 37%) (P<0.01). AKR1B10 expression in UIP was also more frequent in squamous metaplastic foci in smokers (38/67 foci, 57%) than in non-smokers (2/13 foci, 15%) (P<0.01). AKR1B10 expression was frequently observed in both UIP-associated LC (10/13 foci, 77%) and non-UIP LC (18/30 foci, 60%). Ki-67 labeling index was significantly higher in AKR1B10-positive squamous metaplasia of UIP than in AKR1B10-negative squamous metaplasia of UIP. Our results demonstrate that AKR1B10 is involved in the development of LC in UIP in association with smoking. AKR1B10 might be useful as a new marker for identification of high LC risk patients in UIP.