眶爆裂性骨折鼻窦内窥镜下HA复合体整复术

目的探讨经下睑睫毛缘下皮肤切口于鼻内窥镜下经筛窦联合入路行羟基磷灰石(HA)复合体整复眶爆裂性骨折的临床效果。方法对36例患者施行下睑睫毛缘下皮肤切口与鼻内窥镜下经筛窦联合入路,将HA复合体植入骨折缺损处。结果36例复视均好转,30例活动度完全改善,6例活动度部分改善。36例术后突出度与健眼大致对称。观察6~18月,无并发症发生。结论本术式操作简便,术后并发症少,效果良好。     

Evidence of hydroxyl-ion deficiency in bone apatites: an inelastic neutron-scattering study

The novelty of very large neutron-scattering intensity from the nuclear-spin incoherence in hydrogen has permitted the determination of atomic motion of hydrogen in synthetic hydroxyapatite and in deproteinated isolated apatite crystals of bovine and rat bone without the interference of vibrational modes from other structural units. From an inelastic neutron-scattering experiment, we found no sharp excitations characteristic of the vibrational mode and stretch vibrations of OH ions around 80 and 450 meV (645 and 3630 cm⁻¹), respectively, in the isolated, deproteinated crystals of bone apatites; such salient features were clearly seen in micron- and nanometer-size crystals of pure hydroxyapatite powders. Thus, the data provide additional definitive evidence for the lack of OH⁻ ions in the crystals of bone apatite. Weak features at 160–180 and 376 meV, which are clearly observed in the apatite crystals of rat bone and possibly in adult mature bovine bone, but to a much lesser degree, but not in the synthetic hydroxyapatite, are assigned to the deformation and stretch modes of OH ions belonging to HPO₄-like species.     

Unusual facet cyst containing struvite and hydroxyapatite

This case report describes a patient with severe back pain and radiculopathy. She was found to have a facet cyst within the lumbar spine that appeared to contain calcium on MRI and CT. Upon aspiration the cyst was found to contain calcium ammonium phosphate (struvite) and calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite). Ammonia production in the presence of urease-producing bacteria is responsible for the production of struvite in the human body. We postulate that there was a prior infection of the facet with urease-producing bacteria, thus accounting for the production of the struvite within the facet cyst. Received: 29 June 2000 Revision requested: 18 August 2000 Revision received: 27 September 2000 Accepted: 27 September 2000     

半导体激光治疗羟基磷灰石义眼座暴露

目的　探讨低功率半导体激光治疗羟基磷灰石义眼座暴露的疗效。方法　采用JAM Ⅱ型多功能半导体激光治疗仪对 2 2例不同程度的义眼座暴露患者进行激光照射治疗 ,并将结果与既往采用药物及手术治疗的 2 0例义眼座暴露患者对照比较。结果　激光组 2 2例全部愈合(10 0 % ) ;药物及手术组中轻、中、重度的愈合率分别为 83 3%、6 3 6 %和 0。经采用卡方检验之四格表精确检验法处理 ,两组间轻度患者的愈合率差异无显著性意义 (P =0 5 4 5 ) ,而两组间中度和重度患者的愈合率差异有显著性意义 (P =0 0 19,0 0 18)。结论　低功率半导体激光治疗羟基磷灰石义眼座暴露的疗效优于药物及手术方法。也可用于预防义眼座暴露。     

人体眼眶包虫病13例临床分析

作者综合分析报告了人体眼眶包虫病13例。其占新疆地区全身包虫囊肿4276例的0.3％。结合临床实践系统地阐述了其流行病学、临床特点、诊断技术和治疗原则。并总结提出了诊断、治疗眼眶包虫病的要点与措施。     

Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma to the Eye and Adnexae: A Report of Three Cases and Review of the Literature

Three cases of metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the ocular structures are presented. Each of these tumors clinically simulated a more common ocular entity, thus causing diagnostic difficulty. The first patient had a metastatic tumor to the eyelid that clinically simulated a large chalazion. The second patient had a choroidal tumor with clinical features and ancillary studies strongly suggestive of a primary choroidal melanoma. The third patient presented with unilateral proptosis secondary to an orbital mass that was clinically believed to be a cavernous hemangioma of the orbit. In each case, there was a long interval between the initial diagnosis (15 months, 9 years, and 15 years respectively), and the ocular metastasis, which represented the first sign of metastatic disease.     

Synchronous mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas involving bilateral orbits and breasts: a rare clinical entity

Primary orbital and primary breast lymphomas comprise very small subgroups of extranodal lymphomas. Clinical presentation at both these sites together is extremely rare. We describe a case of bilateral orbital and bilateral breast mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas with bilateral pre-auricular lymph nodal metastasis. The case history, staging and management for this unusual entity are discussed.     

Evolution of an in vivo bioreactor.

The ideal bone graft substitute requires osteoconductive, osteoinductive, and osteogenic components. This study introduces an "in vivo bioreactor," a model in which pluripotent cells are recruited from circulating blood to a vascularized coralline scaffold supplemented with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2). The bioreactor generates new, ectopic host bone with the capability of vascularized tissue transfer. More importantly, bone is reproducibly formed in a closed and malleable environment. In a rat model, the superficial inferior epigastric vessels were isolated, ligated, and then threaded through a prefabricated coral cylinder (hydroxyapatite, ProOsteon 500). Experimental groups were characterized by the following variables: (1) with/without incorporation of vascular pedicle; (2) with/without addition of BMP-2 (0.02 mg/cm3). Scaffolds were harvested 6 weeks after implantation, embedded and sectioned. Tissue samples were decalcified, fixed, and stained with H&E, trichrome green, and CD31/PECAM-1 (a marker of endothelial cells). Vascularized coral scaffolds supplemented with BMP-2 presumably recruited circulating mesenchymal stem cells to generate bone. Bone formation was quantified through histological analysis, and reported as a percentage, area bone/area cross section scaffold x 100. Mean bone formation was 11.30%+/-1.19. All scaffolds supplied by the vascular pedicle, regardless of BMP-2 supplementation, demonstrated neo-vascular ingrowth. Scaffolds lacking a pedicle showed no evidence of vascular ingrowth or bone formation. This paper introduces a model of a novel "in vivo bioreactor" that has future clinical and research applications. The tissue engineering applications of the "bioreactor" include treatment of skeletal defects (nonunion, tumor post-resection reconstruction). The bioreactor also may serve as a unique model in which to study primary and metastatic cancers of bone.     

Scaffolds for bone restoration from cuttlefish

Scaffolds of pure hydroxyapatite suitable for either direct clinical use or tissue-engineering applications were successfully produced via hydrothermal transformation of aragonite, obtained from fresh cuttlefish bones, at 200°C followed by sintering. Beyond low production cost, worldwide availability and natural–biological origin of raw materials, the produced scaffolds have ideal pore size and interconnectivity features suitable for supporting biological activities, such as bone tissue growth and vascularization. Bioactivity in vitro tests were excellent: (a) rapid and pronounced formation of hydroxyapatite occurred when the scaffolds were immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF), and (b) outstanding proliferation of osteoblasts was registered. The produced scaffolds can be machined and shaped very easily at any stage of processing. Therefore, these ceramic scaffolds can satisfy both bioactivity demands and the requirements for shaping of tailor-made individualized implants, especially for randomly damaged bones.