Cranial floor fracture: A growing orbital roof fracture with encephalocele – Case Report

Orbital roof fractures are among the rarest of craniofacial fractures. The mechanism of injury is typically a high-impact blunt force vector directly to the orbit or forehead. Most patients are males between 20 and 40 years old, involved in motor vehicle accidents. Although most orbital roof fractures are managed conservatively, there is a significant risk of ophthalmologic and neurologic complications. Detailed craniofacial examination and high-resolution CT imaging is necessary for diagnosis. A multidisciplinary team approach is required for these challenging fractures.     

Gamma钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折效果探讨

目的 探讨应用Gamma钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法 应用Gamma钉治疗我院骨科自1997年1月－2000年1月收治疗的各种股骨粗是骨折的患者36例。结果 本组病例经术后平均1年6个月的访,骨折愈合,无1例发生髋内翻、下肢外旋和短缩等畸形,患肢关节功能优良率88.4%,疗效较好。结论 Gamma钉是治疗股骨粗隆间骨折较为理想的方法。     

沈氏装置稳定性的生物力学评价

评价沈氏经椎弓根内固定装置的生物力学稳定性。方法采用５具新鲜尸体脊柱标本,制造Ｌ１损伤模型,测量并比较标本在完整状态,损伤状态、沈氏装置固定、沈氏装置疲劳及ＣＤ装置固定下的Ｔ１２和Ｌ２之间的三维运动范围,并将沈装置与ＣＤ装置固定下的运动范围进行,经统计学处理,评价沈氏装置的稳定性。     

动力加压髁螺钉治疗股骨髁部骨折临床与实验研究

本研究结合１４例股骨髁间、髁上骨折以动力加压髁螺钉（Ｄynamic Ｃondylar Ｓcrew ＤＣＳ）固定。目的：为临床提供应用ＤＣＳ的实验数据。方法：采用成人新鲜尸体股骨髁部标本,按照ＡＯ/ＡＳＩＦ分类,模拟Ｙ形骨折模型,以ＤＣＳ固定,置于ＷＤ－１０Ｅ万能电子力学实验机上其抗拉伸、抗扭转、抗村缩、抗剪切强度。结果：ＤＣＳ有较好的固定强度。临床应用１４例,随访６个月至１年,优良率为８５．７１％。结论：ＤＣＳ适合于     

鼻内窥镜下经筛窦行眶内壁骨折整复术

探讨应用鼻内窥镜下经筛窦行眶内壁折整复术。方法前鼻孔入路,内窥镜观察下将嵌入筛房的眶脂肪及内直肌还纳回眶内,硅胶板修补充填孔洞。结果１６例患者,平均术后观察８个月,复视消失,眼球内陷矫正,无硅胶排异。结论内窥镜下经筛窦行眶内壁骨折整复术,具有无皮肤瘢痕,手术损伤小,并发症少,且手术安全可靠。     

Treatment of solitary cysts of the humerus

Summary The classical surgical treatment of unicameral bone cysts of the humerus with curettage and bone grafting is unreliable with approximately 40% failure rate. The author describes a technique of subperiosteal diaphyseal and metaphyseal resection and replacement with a section of fibula maintained in position with an intramedullary nail and further supported by massive tibial cortical and cancellous grafting. Consistent incorporation of the graft and excellent remodelling were observed in 36 patients so treated. No complications or recurrence were reported.

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Résumé Le traitement chirurgical «classique» des kystes solitaires de l'humérus par curettage et greffe osseuse ne donne pas des résultats constants, puisqu'il comporte environ 40% d'échecs. L'auteur décrit une technique de résection sous-périostée, diaphysaire et métaphysaire, avec remplacement par un fragment de péroné maintenu par enclouage centro-médullaire et complété par des greffons tibiaux cortico-spongieux. Une parfaite incorporation de la greffe et un excellent remodelage ont été obtenus dans les 36 cas traités de cette manière. Il n'y a eu ni complications, ni récidives.

     

Post-traumatic avascular necrosis of the humeral head

Summary A study of nine cases of post-traumatic avascular necrosis of the head of the humerus is presented with a review of 60 cases previously published. Onset of symptoms begins between one and two years after fracture. Pain and stiffness are the principal features. The clinical picture eventually stabilises with decreasing pain and variable loss of movement. The chief radiological changes are sclerosis and a snow-cap appearance of the head or a characteristic spanner-shaped deformity. The possible causative factors are listed and the importance of associated vascular damage emphasised. Conservative treatment is usually adequate but prosthetic replacement of the head may be indicated.

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Résumé Les auteurs analysent 60 cas de nécrose post-traumatique de la tête humérale publiés dans la littérature, auxquels ils ajoutent neuf cas personnels.Ils soulignent le rôle des facteurs combinés dans la pathogénie parmi lesquels le facteur vasculaire est le plus important. Après 1 à 2 ans de latence, les manifestations cliniques apparaissent et vont évoluer lentement vers une certaine stabilisation, en particulier des phénomènes douloureux, souvent intenses au début, mais au prix d'une raideur résiduelle quasi constante. La radiologie reconnaît deux types principaux d'image:condensation en calotte de neige;déformation en clé anglaise de la tête humérale;la glène restant très longtemps indemne.Le traitement, le plus souvent médical, devrait peut-être ressortir de la chirurgie par prothèse type Neer, qui pourrait dans les types les plus graves, être placée préventivement.

     

螺旋CT轴位扫描及重建对隐匿性骨折的临床应用价值研究

目的 探讨螺旋CT轴位扫描及重建（MPR、3D）在隐匿性骨折诊断中的临床价值。方法 选择34例隐匿性骨折患者，将螺旋CT薄层（2-5mm）扫描的容积数据转输至工作站进行MPR和3D处理，并对轴位、MPR和3D图像进行比较。结果 轴位在二维平面内清晰显示隐匿性骨折的基本情况，但MPR和3D能更好显示隐匿性骨折。MPR可以从任意平面和曲面观察隐匿性骨折及周围结构，3D能通过旋转和切割技术充分曝露病变，直观、逼真的显示隐匿性骨折立体关系。结论 螺旋CT对隐匿性骨折的诊断具有很高应用价值。MPR、3D及轴位图像的联合应用，为临床医师提供立体、直观、多方位的影像信息，有利于临床治疗方案的选择。     

”Spinolaminar breach”: an important sign in cervical spinous process fractures

Objective. To report the sign of ”spinolaminar breach” and its likely importance in fractures of the cervical spinous processes. Design. Six cases of spinous process fractures demonstrating disruption of the spinolaminar line or ”spinolaminar breach” were analyzed. Lateral and anteroposterior radiographs (n=6), CT scans (n=3) and MRI scans (n=1) were reviewed together by the authors, with consensus being reached as to the radiographic findings. Clinical records were also reviewed. Results. The levels of injury were C6 (n=5) and C5 (n=2). Injuries were associated with delayed anterior subluxation (n=4) and neurological deficit (n=2). Five patients were male and one was female with a mean age of 31 years (range 8–59 years). Injuries resulted from motor vehicle accidents (n=4), a motor cycle accident (n=1) and a fall (n=1). Conclusion. ”Spinolaminar breach”, or disruption of the spinolaminar line, indicates a complex spinous process fracture with extension into the lamina and spinal canal. Spinous process fractures with spinolaminar breach may have associated posterior ligamentous injury with potential for delayed instability and neurological deficit. It is important that radiologists and physicians caring for the trauma patient be aware of this sign in order to avoid misdiagnosis as a ”clay shoveler’s fracture”, which can lead to adverse outcome. Received: 20 July 1999 Revision requested: 14 September 1999 Revision received: 13 October 1999 Accepted: 26 October 1999     

Biomechanical Study of Intramedullary Versus Extramedullary Implants for Four Types of Subtrochanteric Femoral Fracture

ObjectivesTo compare the biomechanical performance of proximal femoral nail anti‐rotation (PFNA), the “upside‐down” less invasive plating system (LISS), and proximal femoral locking plate (PFLP) in fixing different fracture models of subtrochanteric fractures.MethodsThirty composite femurs were divided into three equal groups (PFNA, PFLP, and reverse LISS). The implant‐femur constructs were tested under axial compression load (0–1400 N) from models I to IV, which represented the Seinsheimer type I subtrochanteric fracture, type IIIa subtrochanteric fracture with the posteromedial fragment reduced; type IIIa subtrochanteric fracture with the posteromedial fragment lost; and type IV subtrochanteric fracture, respectively. Axial stiffness was analyzed for each group. Each group was then divided into two subgroups, one of which underwent torsional and axial compression failure testing, while the other subgroup underwent axial compression fatigue testing. The torsional stiffness, failure load, and cycles to failure were analyzed.ResultsPFNA had the highest axial stiffness (F = 761.265, p < 0.0001) and failure load (F = 48.801, p < 0.0001) in model IV. The axial stiffness and failure load of the PFLP were significantly higher than those of the LISS (p < 0.0001, p = 0.001). However, no significant difference in axial stiffness was found between models I to III (model I: F = 2.439, p = 0.106; model II: F = 2.745, p = 0.082; model III: F = 0.852, p = 0.438) or torsional stiffness in model IV (F = 1.784, p = 0.187). In fatigue testing, PFNA did not suffer from construct failure after 90,000 cycles of axial compression. PFLP and LISS were damaged within 14,000 cycles, although LISS withstood more cycles than PFLP (t = 3.328, p = 0.01).ConclusionThe axial stiffness of the three implants was similar in models I to III. The biomechanical properties of PFNA were the best of the three implants in terms of axial stiffness, failure load, and fatigue testing cycles in model IV. The axial stiffness and failure load of the PFLP were better than those of the reverse LISS, but PFLP had fewer cycles in the fatigue tests than the reverse LISS.