军队医院军人医疗经费系统动力学模型初建

目的：探索系统动力学（ SD）方法在军队医院军人医疗经费系统中的应用。方法依据SD原理,筛选模型主要变量,确立主要函数关系式,建立军队医院军人医疗经费的系统仿真模型。结果与结论 SD模型应用于军队医院军人医疗经费系统研究的效果良好,可为后期军队医疗系统改革提供理论依据。     

某三甲医院城乡居民2013年住院患者疾病构成及费用分析

目的 比较某三甲医院参加城镇居民医保(简称居民医保)和参加新型农村合作医疗(简称新农合)住院患者疾病构成及住院医疗费用,分析其现状和影响因素。方法 选择该医院2013年所有住院的城乡居民患者的病例资料,比较居民医保和新农合住院患者的疾病构成、科室分布、住院费用构成、医疗费用。结果 居民医保和新农合住院患者的疾病类型和科室分布各有特点;新农合患者平均住院总医疗费13855.25元、平均统筹支付费用6086.17元及平均个人支付费用7769.08元均较居民医保的11676.42元、5394.95元及6216.06元要高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);药费、材料及其他费用均占两类患者总住院费用的70%。结论 居民医保患者住院费用较新农合患者低。降低住院费用要控制药费、材料和其他费用尤其高值耗材使用,完善城乡统一医疗保障、实施分级诊疗等综合措施。     

临床路径对医疗资源使用的效益——以腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者为例

目的:应用医院病例数据评价临床路径对腹腔镜胆囊切除手术患者医疗资源使用的管理效果。方法:采集深圳市7家公立医院2015年12月—2016年9月的病案首页,研究对象为第一诊断是胆囊结石伴慢性胆囊炎(ICD10:K80. 1)且行腹腔镜胆囊切除手术(ICD-9-CM:51. 23)。统计分析方法采用独立t检验、卡方检验以及广义线性回归分析。结果:共有932例符合研究对象的定义,其中路径组696例,平均住院天日7. 15天,住院费用15 181. 5元;非路径组236例,平均住院天日9. 42天,住院费用19 774. 8元。校正其他影响因素后,路径组的住院天日比非路径组少1. 51天(P 0. 001),住院费用少3 818元(P 0. 001)。结论:患者的疾病状况虽然是影响住院天日与住院费用的重要因素,但本研究发现临床路径实施对腹腔镜胆囊切除患者的医疗质量与医疗资源管理具有影响,建议未来有更多实证研究检验临床路径效果,以供相关政策参考。     

Rotavirus diarrhoea hospitalizations among children under 5 years of age in Nigeria, 2011–2016

BackgroundThe high burden of rotavirus acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is well documented among children under 5 years of age, with the majority of mortality occurring in developing countries. Nigeria ranked second worldwide in the number of rotavirus deaths in 2013. As Nigeria plans to introduce rotavirus vaccine soon, a pre-vaccine documentation of rotavirus disease burden is necessary to determine vaccine impact.MethodsRoutine rotavirus surveillance was conducted during 2011–2016 in 3 sentinel sites in Nigeria using the standard WHO protocol. Children under 5 years of age hospitalized for acute gastroenteritis were enrolled and demographic, clinical and outcome data were collected. A stool sample was subsequently obtained and tested for human rotavirus antigen using the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results2694 children with acute gastroenteritis were enrolled during January 2011 to December 2016; of these, 1242 (46%) tested positive for rotavirus. Among the rotavirus positive cases, 66% and 94% were younger than 12 months and 24 months respectively. Marked peaks in rotavirus positivity were seen in January of each year. Vomiting, and use of oral and intravenous fluids occurred more often in rotavirus positive cases as compared to rotavirus negative cases.ConclusionThe high prevalence of rotavirus disease highlights the need for urgent introduction of rotavirus vaccine in Nigeria. Additionally, this study provides pre-vaccine introduction disease-burden data that will serve as a baseline for rotavirus vaccine impact-assessment once vaccine has been introduced in the national immunization program.     

Impact of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine against severe rotavirus diarrhoea in The Gambia

IntroductionRotavirus vaccines protect against the leading cause of severe childhood diarrhoea, and have been introduced in many low-income African countries. The Gambia introducedRotateq® (RV5) into their national immunization program in 2013. We revieweddata from an active rotavirus sentinel surveillancesitefor early evidence of vaccine impact.MethodsWe compared rotavirus prevalence in diarrhoeal stool in children< 5 years of age admittedat the Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital sentinel surveillance site before (2013) andafterRV5 introduction (2015–2016) in the Gambia. The rotavirus-percent positive was separately compared for all diarrhoealhospitalizations and for hospitalizations with severe symptoms. Rotavirus prevalence was compared annually for the pre-vaccine year of 2013 with post-vaccine years of 2015 and 2016 using chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests and the p-value to establish significant relationship was set at p < 0.05. All analyses were completed in SAS 9.3 (SAS Analytics, North Carolina).ResultsRotavirus prevalence among all diarrhoeahospitalizations decreased from 22% in 2013 to 11% in 2015 (p = 0.04), while remaining unchanged in 2016 (18%, p = 0.56). For hospitalizations that were clinically severe and/or treated with intravenous fluids (mean of 46 per year), the rotavirus prevalence decreased from 33% in 2013 to 8% in 2015 (p = 0.04), and to 15% in 2016 (p = 0.08). The children with age <1 year accounted for 45% the population infected with rotavirus in both pre and post rotavirus vaccination periods.ConclusionsRotavirus vaccine introduction in the Gambia could be among factors resulting in decreased diarrhea hospitalizations among children at the Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital, particularly those with severe disease. These results support the continuation of rotavirus vaccine and additional monitoring of rotavirus hospitalization trends in the country.     

低位小切口与传统甲状腺手术治疗甲状腺良性结节的临床疗效对比研究

目的对比低位小切口与传统甲状腺手术治疗甲状腺良性结节的临床疗效。方法86例甲状腺良性结节患者为研究对象,依据随机抽签法分为观察组与对照组,各43例。对照组采用传统甲状腺手术治疗,观察组采用低位小切口手术治疗。对比两组临床指标、术后并发症发生情况及手术效果。结果观察组手术时间、住院时间、切口长度分别为(42.2±6.7)min、(3.2±0.5)d、(3.4±0.7)cm,均短于对照组的(60.1±4.7)min、(5.9±1.9)d、(5.7±1.3)cm,术中出血量(8.1±2.3)ml少于对照组的(36.2±6.1)ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组术后并发症发生率11.63%低于对照组的34.88%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组手术治疗总有效率对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论与传统甲状腺手术相比低位小切口手术治疗甲状腺良性结节的安全性及美观度更高,相比传统甲状腺手术治疗的效果更加显著,对于无手术禁忌的患者来说,可首选低位小切口手术治疗。     

2015—2019年江西省出血性脑卒中流行特征及住院费用分析

背景 我国尚缺乏大样本的出血性脑卒中流行病学调查,江西省脑血管病流行形势严峻。 目的 分析江西省出血性脑卒中住院患者流行特征及住院费用情况,为出血性脑卒中防控提供科学依据。 方法 通过江西省卫生健康委员会信息中心疾病诊断相关分组（DRGs）管理系统,获取江西省2015—2019年出院主诊断为I60~I61〔依据国际疾病分类第10版（ICD-10）标准〕的出血性脑卒中的患者信息,对其流行特征及住院费用进行分析。 结果 2015—2019年江西省出血性脑卒中住院患者总计128 788例,其中脑出血115 254例（89.49%）,蛛网膜下腔出血13 534例（10.51%）。2015—2019年江西省出血性脑卒中患者总住院率由64.36/10万升高至86.05/10万,呈上升趋势（χ2趋势=1 144.969,P<0.001）;脑出血总住院率由58.96/10万升高至75.22/10万,呈上升趋势（χ2趋势=727.089,P<0.001）;蛛网膜下腔出血总住院率由5.41/10万升高至10.83/10万,呈上升趋势（χ2趋势=659.513,P<0.001）。出血性脑卒中患者共病及并发症前5顺位排序为高血压、肺部感染、脑梗死、其他脑血管病、糖尿病。2015—2019年,江西省出血性脑卒中住院患者中位住院时长为14（14）d;患者住院总费用由14 300.61元升高至15 982.47元,不同年份住院患者住院总费用比较,差异有统计学意义（H=834.590,P<0.001）。2017—2019年,药费在住院总费中占比最大,近3年均达35%以上,但3年间比较,差异无统计学意义（H=3.323,P=0.190）。 结论 2015—2019年江西省出血性脑卒中及其亚型患者住院率持续增长,高血压、肺部感染为较常见的共病,住院费用负担仍较重,预防并发症、降低药费可能有助于减轻出血性脑卒中患者的经济负担。     

护理干预对住院乙型肝炎患者焦虑、抑郁情况的影响分析

目的探讨护理干预对住院乙型肝炎患者焦虑、抑郁情况的影响。方法选择乙型肝炎住院患者74例,平均分为研究组与对照组。两组患者均给予常规护理,研究组在此基础上,给予针对性的心理护理干预。结果通过针对性护理干预后,两组患者焦虑、抑郁评分明显优于干预前(P<0.05);研究组患者焦虑、抑郁评分明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论乙型肝炎患者在常规护理的基础上给予针对性心理护理干预可以有效改善焦虑、抑郁情况,保障患者的治疗质量。     

Validación de las escalas de APACHE II y SOFA en 2 cohortes de pacientes con sospecha de infección y sepsis,no ingresados en unidades de cuidados críticos

ObjectiveTo validate the APACHE II and SOFA scores in patients with suspected infection in clinical settings other than intensive care units.Materials and methodsA secondary analysis was performed on 2,530 adult patients participating in 2 cohort studies, with suspected infection as admission diagnosis within the first 24 h of hospitalization. The performance of both scoring systems was studied in order to set calibration and discrimination, respectively, on the outcomes such as mortality, admission to Intensive Care Unit, development of septic shock, or multiple organ dysfunctions.ResultsThe AUC-ROC values for mortality at discharge and on day 28 in the first cohort were around 0.50 for the SOFA and APACHE II scores; whereas for the second cohort the discrimination value was around 0.70. Calibration of both scoring systems for primary outcomes, according to Hosmer-Lemeshow test, showed p > .05 in the first cohort; while in the second cohort calibration it only showed a p > .05 in the case of the SOFA for mortality at hospital discharge.ConclusionThis validation study of SOFA and APACHE II scores in patients with suspected infection in-hospital units other than the Intensive Care Unit, showed no consistent performance for calibration and discrimination. Its application in emergency and in-hospital patients is limited.     

非外伤性神经外科住院患者院前抗生素的使用情况分析

目的 探讨非外伤性神经外科住院患者院前抗生素的使用情况.方法 对神经外科非外伤性住院患者院前1周至入院前使用抗生素情况进行调查、分析.结果 907例非外伤性住院患者中,332例院前使用抗生素,占36.6％.84例使用2种及2种以上的抗生素,占25.3％.院前抗生素的使用以β-内酰胺类最多占69.0％,不规范使用抗生素有164例（49.4％）.结论 神经外科作为非高感染率病变科室,院前使用抗生素达36.6％,提示院前抗生素滥用现象非常严重,需加强全社会的教育及采取相应措施杜绝滥用抗生素.