兔卵巢组织移植后组织学研究

目的:构建母兔自体及异体卵巢组织移植模型,揭示卵巢组织移植后组织学特征。方法:以母兔为实验动物,A组阳性对照,不做任何处理;B组阴性对照,切除双侧卵巢;C组自体移植组,分离卵巢组织,切成1mm3左右大小的米粒块,种植于颈部皮下;D组异体移植组,卵巢组织处理方法与C组相同,移植时将卵巢组织异体进行种植。术后60d处死母兔,子宫称重,对移植物及子宫内膜进行组织学检查。结果:1C组与D组中分别有5与3只母兔阴道呈红色或者粉红色、湿润、肿胀,进入发情期;2自体、异体皮下移植后存活的卵巢组织形态与移植前相似,表面血管较为丰富,皮质内可见正常形态的原始卵泡、初级卵泡,部分移植物可见成熟的窦状卵泡;3A组、C组、D组母兔子宫内膜表层细胞呈锯齿状,宫腔间隙较宽,被复粘膜层子宫腺发育,固有膜宽大,肌壁厚,而B组母兔宫腔呈裂隙状,粘膜层平坦,缺乏子宫腺,固有膜变窄,肌壁变薄。结论:母兔卵巢组织移植后,移植物可存活,并进一步释放内源性激素,对靶器官产生作用。     

Long-term histological results following glutaraldehyde cross-linked collagen injection into the suburothelial space of the mini-pig bladder

Endoscopic correction of vesicoureteric reflux by subureteric injection has become an accepted method of treatment in selected cases. Its efficacy has been demonstrated in the treatment of well over 1,000 ureters. However, there are doubts as to the long-term safety of the commonly injected substance Teflon. Glutaraldehyde cross-linked bovine collagen, a biodegradable substance, was suggested as an alternative material for injection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological long-term behavior of glutaraldehyde cross-linked bovine collagen injected into the mini-pig bladder. One hundred and eight deposits of cross-linked collagen, each containing 0.2 ml (n = 36) or 0.6 ml (n = 72) collagen paste, were injected into the suburothelial space of the bladders of 24 mini-pigs. The histological behavior of the implants was studied at monthly intervals over a period of 12 months. After only 2 months a marked invasion of host fibroblasts and formation of endogenous type I and III collagen could be observed. Over 12 months the invasion of fibroblasts and the formation of new collagen increased dramatically. No migration of collagen particles into the local lymphatic system could be observed. A new staining technique (solophenyl red 3BL) was introduced to selectively demonstrate type I and III collagen fibres. In addition, the efficacy of the subureteric collagen injections could be demonstrated by successfully treating reflux that was iatrogenically induced in the mini-pig bladders.     

Parity and risk of thyroid cancer: a nested case-control study of a nationwide Swedish cohort

The association between parity and risk of thyroid cancer was examined in a case-control study nested within a cohort of Swedish women born 1925–60. A total of 1,409 cases of thyroid cancer were compared with 7,019 agematched controls. Odds ratios (OR) and 95 percent confidence intervals (CI) were calculated as estimates of relative risk. A weak association was found between parity and risk of thyroid cancer (OR for ever-parous women cf nulliparous was 1.1, CI=1.0–1.3). For the subset of papillary cancers, there was a significantly increased risk (OR for ever-parous cf nulliparous = 1.3, CI=1.0–1.6), and among women diagnosed at the age of 50 or older, there was a positive linear trend with increasing number of livebirths. Women during the first year after a livebirth had an increased risk of thyroid cancer compared with women who delivered 10 or more years before; this association was most prominent among uniparous women (OR=2.5, CI=1.1–5.9). An increased risk was also apparent for age over 20 years at livebirth (among uniparous women) and age over 25 years at last livebirth (among multiparous women). A negligible effect of parity on thyroid cancer risk was seen, but each livebirth may have a short-term and age-dependent promoting effect.Authors are with the Department of Cancer Epidemiology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden (M.R. Galanti, M. Lambe, A. Ebbora, R. Sparda B. Pettersson): Department of Social Medicine, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden (M. Lambe); Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA (A. Ekbom). Address correspondence to Dr M. Rosaria Galanti, Department of Cancer Epidemiology, University Hospital, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. This work was supported in part by grant n. 3136-B92-02XBB from the Swedish Cancer Society.     

A correlation of the surgical anatomy of the dura to head and neck surgery

Summary Head and neck surgery may be complicated by penetration of the dura resulting in meningitis, cerebrospinal rhinorrhoea, cerebral abscess or other intracranial complications. The strength of the dura mater both protects the brain and spinal cord and makes dura an ideal material for grafting (when needed). This study examines the thickness and histological composition of dura mater at various sites encountered in head and neck surgery. Dura was removed from eight specified locations in 14 adult cadavers. Microscopically, this dura was found to consist predominantly of collagen fibres, although the thickness of the dura varied between sites. Dura was significantly thinner in relation to the ethmoid sinus (P<0.01), tegmen (P<0.05) and sigmoid sinus (P<0.001), indicating its greater susceptibility to possible injury at these sites during surgery. The variety of its thickness also makes dura a more versatile homograft material than hitherto realised.Presented at the meeting of the British Association of Clinical Anatomists, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, England, 13 September 1985     

Cryptorchidism

Cryptorchidism represents a disease of the hypothalomo-pituitary-gonadal axis and is not a malformation. Early treatment (10 months of age) should be started to avoid infertility, which often occurs. The lower the testes are situated, the better their histology; the younger the children are, the more normal their gonads. During the first month of life the important transformation of gonocytes into spermatogonia takes place. This transformation is gonadotropin and testosterone-dependent and is impaired in cryptorchid boys. After the second year of life 38% of cryptorchid boys completely lack germ cells. This group of patients is at risk of developing sterility. Standard treatment with LH-RH and HCG was successful in 74% of all boys treated. In the boys in the group at risk, 6 months of low-dose buserelin treatment significantly improved the number of the germ cells. This mode of treatment may improve the prognosis of fertility and completely open new fields in the treatment of undescended testes. Offprint requests to: F. Hadiselimovi     

多发性脑膜瘤的临床和组织学研究

目的：研究多发性脑膜瘤的临床和组织学特点.方法：对39例多发性脑膜瘤的临床资料进行回顾性分析,免疫组化检测孕激素受体（PR）、p53和细胞周期蛋白抗体MIB-1在多发性脑膜瘤中的表达,并与单发性脑膜瘤进行比较.结果：多发性脑膜瘤女性多见,肿瘤的分布较为广泛,大脑半球凸面为好发部位.免疫组化结果显示：PR的表达在多发性脑膜瘤比单发性脑膜瘤强,p53和MIB-1的表达则两者无显著性差异.结论：多发性脑膜瘤的诊断主要依靠影像学资料,其发生学可能与孕激素及其受体有关,单克隆起源的可能性较大.     

Serum cleaved Tau protein and neurobehavioral battery of tests as markers of brain injury in experimental bacterial meningitis

Brain injury due to bacterial meningitis affects multiple areas of the brain with a heterogeneous distribution generating a challenge to assess severity. Tau proteins are microtubular binding proteins localized in the axonal compartment of neurons. Brain injury releases cleaved Tau proteins (C-tau) into the extracellular space where they are transported to the cerebral spinal fluid. We hypothesized that C-tau crosses the blood-brain barrier during inflammation and that it can be detected in serum. The correlation between serum C-tau levels and the extent of the meningitic insult was examined. Furthermore, we studied whether the use of a subset of neurobehavioral tasks can assess the extent of brain injury after meningitis. The tests were chosen primarily for their ability to detect deficits in the acoustic system, low brain, reflexive responding, as well as for impaired motor coordination and the higher brain functions of learning and memory. A rat model of group B streptococcal meningitis with variable severity was utilized. At five days after bacterial inoculation followed by antibiotic therapy neurobehavioral tests were performed and serum C-tau and histologic samples of the brain were obtained. Our study shows that during meningitis C-tau appears in serum and reflects the extent of neurologic damage. Neurobehavioral performance was altered after bacterial meningitis and could be correlated with histologic and biochemical markers of neurologic sequelae. We conclude that serum C-tau and a composite of neurobehavioral tests could become useful markers for assessing the severity of neurological damage in experimental bacterial meningitis.     

七年制《组织学》双语教学的实践与探索

目的 探讨七年制<组织学>双语教学教材对教学效果的影响.方法 对我院2003、2004年级七年制临床医学专业教材使用等情况进行了调查,并对教学效果进行了分析比较.结果 约有80%的学生认为,双语版全国高等医学院校规划教材较中文版全国高等医学院校七年制规划教材更适合<组织学>的双语教学.2004年级学生学习成绩普遍提高.结论 <组织学>双语教学应根据学生实际情况,不提倡100%英语授课和采用原版英文教材.改编中英文对照实验课使用的练习册势在必行.     

Previous cancer and radiotherapy as risk factors for lung cancer in lifetime nonsmokers

A history of previous primary cancer and of radiotherapy were investigated as risk factors for lung cancer in lifetime nonsmokers in a hospital-based case-control study. By design, subjects with a previous tobacco-related primary (of the lung, larynx, oropharynx, esophagus, kidney, bladder, or pancreas) were excluded. Information was available on 30 male and 47 female lung cancer cases and 87 male and 132 female controls, all lifetime nonsmokers, interviewed in hospitals in four United States cities between 1985 and 1990. In males, neither a history of a previous primary nor a history of radiotherapy was associated significantly with lung cancer; however, the numbers of exposed cases were small. In females, after adjustment for age, education, hospital, lifetime environmental tobacco-smoke exposure, and body mass index, both a history of a reproductive primary and a history of radiotherapy were associated significantly with lung cancer (odds ratio [OR]=4.9,95 percent confidence interval [CI]=1.4–17.7, and OR=4.4, CI=1.3–15.1, respectively). Due to a high correlation between a history of a reproductive primary and a history of radiotherapy in the cases, it was not possible to estimate the effect of one exposure independent of the other. These results are consistent with the possibility that endocrine factors may play a role in some lung cancers in women.Dr Kabat is with Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. At the time of this work, the author was in the Division of Epidemiology, American Health Foundation, New York, NY, USA. Address correspondence to Dr Kabat, Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Belfer Building, Rm 1302, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461-1602, USA. This work was supported by US National Cancer Institute Program Project grant CA32617 and Center grant CA17613.     

外阴营养不良的组织病理学及酶组织化学的研究

目的：从形态学和功能方面探讨外阴营养不良的病因和发病机理。方法：对各型外阴营养不良的酶组织化学与组织学进行对比研究。结果：外阴营养不良的主要病变在真皮层，病变症结在微血管和胶原纤维。真皮内细胞出现程度不一的退行性变、微血管障碍及胶原纤维生成障碍。各型病变的琥珀酸脱氢酶显示较弱，而乳酸脱氢酶相对较强。结论：外阴营养不良病变内氧化水平较低，而醣酵解水平相对较高。该病变可能与细胞代谢的功能紊乱有关。