Penislike clitorises with megalourethras in nonvirilized female fetuses and a newborn. A histopathologic study and its bearing on their pathogenesis

Purpose

The aim of the study was to analyze the microstructure of penislike clitorises in female pseudohermaphroditism in relation to their pathogenesis.

Methods

Penislike clitorises from 2 fetuses and 1 newborn with anorectal malformations and multiple other caudal anomalies and 1 fetus with phallic urethra duplication were histologically examined in toto.

Results

The penislike clitorises revealed basically female features in the histogenesis of the corpora cavernosa and glans and in the absence of penile raphe, septum, fasciae, and periurethral glands. In 2 cases, the “phallic urethra” was completely surrounded by a single corpus cavernosum and in 3 cases by a circular glans. Labia minora and vestibular bulbs had not developed in 3 cases. The urethras had transformed into fusiform or scaphoid megalourethras with stenotic meatuses in 3 specimens and an extra orifice in the fourth specimen.

Conclusions

Penislike clitorises in female pseudohermaphroditism show a fundamental dysgenesis of major structural elements. The pattern favors the hypothesis of an early error in the formation of the cloacal membrane and adjacent cloaca in embryos between 26 and 29 days postovulation that may lead to dysregulation of molecular developmental interactions during the following formation of the genital tubercle.     

P53 oncosuppressor influences selection of genomic imbalances in response to ionizing radiations in human osteosarcoma cell line SAOS-2

Purpose: To investigate the impact of TP53 (tumor protein 53, p53) on genomic stability of osteosarcoma (OS).

Materials and methods: In first instance, we expressed in OS cell line SAOS-2 (lacking p53) a wild type (wt) p53 construct, whose protein undergoes nuclear import and activation in response to ionizing radiations (IR). Thereafter, we investigated genomic imbalances (amplifications and deletions at genes or DNA regions most frequently altered in human cancers) associated with radio-resistance relative to p53 expression by mean of an array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) strategy. Finally we investigated a putative marker of radio-induced oxidative stress, a 4,977 bp deletion at mitochondrial (mt) DNA usually referred to as ‘common’ deletion, by mean of a polimerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy.

Results: In radio-resistant subclones generated from wt p53-transfected SAOS-2 cells DNA deletions were remarkably reduced and the accumulation of ‘common’ deletion at mtDNA (that may let the persistence of oxidative damage by precluding detoxification from reactive oxygen species [ROS]) completely abrogated.

Conclusions: The results of our study confirm that wt p53 has a role in protection of OS cell DNA integrity. Multiple mechanisms involved in p53 safeguard of genomic integrity and prevention of deletion outcome are discussed.     

大鼠中度脊髓损伤后两种后肢行为学评估标准的比较研究

目的对大鼠中度脊髓损伤后两种后肢行为学评估标准进行评价。方法24只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组和损伤组。损伤组采用Alleng打击法制作脊髓损伤模型，假手术组仅行椎板切除术。术后1、3、7、14、21天分别采用Tarlov评分和BBB（basso，beattie and bresnahan）评分对两组大鼠后肢运动功能恢复情况进行评估。结果两组大鼠BBB评分值在伤后各时间点差异均非常显著（P〈0．01），Tarlov评分值在伤后各时间点有显著性差异（P〈0．05），但只在1、3、7天时差异才非常显著（P〈0．01）；评分值按百分制换算后，假手术组大鼠两组评分值之间的一致性较好，仅在伤后7天时有显著性差异（P〈0．05），损伤组大鼠两组评分值之间的差异较大，伤后1、3、7天时差异非常显著（P〈0．01）。结论BBB评分的敏感性和区分度优于Tarlov评分，能更准确、客观地反映大鼠中度脊髓损伤后运动功能恢复情况。     

Comparison of continuous vs. pulsed focused ultrasound in treated muscle tissue as evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging, histological analysis, and microarray analysis

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different application modes of high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) to muscle tissue. HIFU was applied to muscle tissue of the flank in C3H/Km mice. Two dose regimes were investigated, a continuous HIFU and a short-pulsed HIFU mode. Three hours after HIFU treatment pre- and post-contrast T1-weighted, T2-weighted images and a diffusion-weighted STEAM sequence were obtained. After MR imaging, the animals were euthenized and the treated, and the non-treated tissue was taken out for histology and functional genomic analysis. T2 images showed increased signal intensity and post-contrast T1 showed a decreased contrast uptake in the central parts throughout the tissue of both HIFU modes. A significantly higher diffusion coefficient was found in the muscle tissue treated with continuous wave focused ultrasound. Gene expression analysis revealed profound changes of 54 genes. For most of the analyzed genes higher expression was found after treatment with the short-pulse mode. The highest up-regulated genes encoded for the MHC class III (FC ≈84), HSP 70 (FC ≈75) and FBJ osteosarcoma related oncogene (FC ≈21). Immunohistology and the immunoblot analysis confirmed the presence of HSP70 protein in both applied HIFU modes. The use of HIFU treatment on muscle tissue results in dramatic changes in gene expression; however, the same genes are up-regulated after the application of continuous or pulsed HIFU, indicating that the tissue reaction is independent of the type of tissue damage. Hundt and Yuh contributed equally to this paper. Supported in part by the Lucas Foundation and the Phil Allen Truse.     

Histologic findings of disc, end plate and neural elements after coblation of nucleus pulposus: an experimental nucleoplasty study

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Partial removal of the nucleus has been shown to decompress herniated discs, relieving pressure on nerve roots and, in some cases, offering relief from disc pain. The nucleoplasty technique builds on earlier surgical approaches that helped validate the strategy of intranuclear tissue removal. Nucleoplasty, a new minimally invasive procedure using patented coblation technology, combines coagulation and ablation for partial removal of the nucleus pulposus to decompress the disc. PURPOSE: To determine if histologic changes of the intervertebral discs and surrounding tissues occur after nucleoplasty. STUDY DESIGN: A light microscopic study of intervertebral disc and adjacent neural tissues after disc decompression by nucleoplasty in pig cadavers. METHODS: Light microscopy was used to examine disc and neural tissues in two pig cadaveric specimens (T12 to sacrum). Nucleoplasty was performed by 1) advancing a radiofrequency wand to a predetermined depth in the disc (ablation), and 2) withdrawing the wand to the starting point (coagulation). Discs and adjacent tissues were removed from treated and nontreated segments, and examined under light microscopy. RESULTS: Histologic examination revealed no evidence of direct mechanical or thermal damage to the surrounding tissues. There was clear evidence of coblation channels with clean coagulation borders of the nucleus pulposus. Normal histologic findings of the annulus and end plate, with normal neural elements of the spinal cord and nerve roots at the level of the procedure, were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The histologic findings of this study suggest that the nucleoplasty achieves volumetric removal of target disc tissue without overt thermal or structural damage to the adjacent tissues. Further studies in live animals will be needed to assess the effects of nucleoplasty on the annulus, end plate and neural tissues under physiologic conditions, including assessment of cell viability.     

MRCP与ERCP对胆道梗阻诊断价值的比较

目的：探讨磁共振胰胆管成像(MRCP)对胰胆管梗阻性疾病的诊断价值及局限性.方法:采用快速自旋回波水成像技术,对35例临床拟诊胆道梗阻并均行内窥镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)的患者进行MRCP检查,并将MRCP影像资料与ERCP进行对照分析,21例经手术病理证实,14例为ERCP检查证实.结果:MRCP成功率为100%,MRCP图像与ERCP极其相似,依据MRCP图像可以作出与ERCP基本一致的诊断.对胆道梗阻的部位诊断正确率达91.4%,定性诊断正确率达80.6%.MRCP图像的空间分辨率略逊于ERCP,有时不能显示胰管及其分支.对ERCP失败或显示不全的病例,MRCP可获得有价值的诊断信息.结论:MR-CP在诊断胆道梗阻性疾病方面具有简便、安全,无创伤性,无需造影剂等优点,而且具有与ERCP相同的诊断价值,在许多方面可取代ERCP.     

肾上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤3例临床病理观察

目的：探讨肾上皮样血管平滑肌脂肪瘤（Angiomyolipoma,AML）的临床病理特征及鉴别诊断依据。方法：回顾性分析3例肾上皮样AML的临床和病理改变状况,以及组织形态及免疫标记物的表达特点。结果：3例术前影像学检查均考虑为肾癌,镜下肿瘤内均缺乏脂肪组织,可见特征性的血管结构以及上皮样肿瘤细胞围绕血管呈袖套样排列,免疫组织化学染色示肿瘤细胞HMB45或Melan-A弥漫阳性,SMA阳性表达不定。结论：肾上皮样AML是一种少见的具有恶性潜能的肿瘤,诊断中需要注意与肾细胞癌相鉴别。免疫组织化学染色是诊断肾上皮样AML的一项必不可少的技术手段。     

三尖瓣乳头肌移植的研究

目的;观察犬的三尖瓣乳头肌断裂后原位修复或异位修复后的组织愈合情况和功能状态,为临床工作提供实验依据。方法：将12条杂交犬随机等分为4组,A组：前乳头肌原位移植;B组：前乳头肌异位移植;C组：后乳头肌原位移植;D组;后乳头肌异位移植。分别于术前;术后、术后4周观察心脏瓣膜关闭情况,测量血流动力学指标并观察术后4周乳头肌的组织学变化。结果;4组犬术后血流动力学稳定,乳头肌原位或异位修复后组织愈合及瓣膜关闭良好。结论：乳头肌离断后无论原位或异位移植均能良好愈合,修复后的乳头肌功能良好。     

感觉神经(元)对失神经骨骼肌超微结构保护作用的实验研究

目的观察感觉神经（元）对失神经骨骼肌超微结构的保护作用。方法60只SD大鼠,按手术先后顺序随机分成10组,每组6只。A组(对照组)肱二头肌完全失神经支配。B～E组(实验组)B组为失神经支配加感觉神经种植组,C组为失神经支配加感觉神经寄养组,D组为失神经支配加背根神经节种植组,E组为节前撕脱的感觉神经种植组。术后1、3个月取材,各组又分为二个时间组。用透射电镜观察肌肉超微结构的变化。结果与对照组相比,各实验组肌肉退变核数少、线粒体肿胀及肌质网扩张程度轻、毛细血管/肌纤维数比值大、间质胶原纤维和成纤维细胞少、肌丝肌节排列整齐。结论感觉神经（元）对失神经骨骼肌超微结构有保护作用。     

去除下颌骨角及体部外侧骨皮质的实验研究

目的 对成年动物去除下颌骨角及体部外侧全层皮质后的局部形态学、生物力学及组织学进行实验性观察研究.方法 8～12个月龄成年小香猪8只,去除一侧下颌骨角及体部外侧全层皮质,随机挑选2只动物,术后12周处死,取骨质标本行组织学检查;另6只动物术后24周处死,测量体部下颌骨外侧皮质厚度、角区骨质行生物力学分析,同时取骨质标本行组织学检查.结果 术后24周,下颌骨实验侧再生的外侧皮质厚度为(2.1±0.3)mm,对照侧外侧皮质厚度为(2.5±0.4)mm,两侧比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);角区生物力学强度,最大载荷实验侧为(401.76±204.91)N,对照侧为(585.42±413.07)N,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),刚度实验侧为(2 172.19±1 174.73)N/mm,对照侧为(2 363.90±1 547.48)N/mm,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);组织学观察骨质达到完全再生修复.结论 下颌骨外侧全层皮质去除后局部新骨再生,组织学结构可达到完全修复;形态学上体部骨质变薄,局部凹陷,角区可见增生骨结节;对生物力学强度的影响不大.