情绪释放疗法对腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术病人疼痛程度、不良情绪、术后恢复及满意度的影响

目的:探讨情绪释放疗法对腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术病人疼痛程度、不良情绪及术后恢复的影响。方法:选择2019年11月—2021年6月医院c4病区收治的腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术病人80例,随机分为对照组与观察组,各40例。对照组行常规干预,观察组行情绪释放疗法干预。比较两组病人手术后疼痛程度、不良情绪、术后恢复效果及满意度。结果:干预后观察组病人术后6 h、24 h的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组病人术后2 d的汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组病人术后肛门首次排气时间、腹胀消失时间、术后首次排便时间、肠鸣音恢复时间、首次下床时间、术后住院时间均明显短于对照组(P<0.05);观察组病人术后满意度明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:情绪释放疗法能明显缓解腹腔镜子宫肌瘤剔除术病人疼痛程度,减轻其不良情绪,提升满意度,促进术后早日康复。     

不同条件下吡喹酮对日本血吸虫雄虫摄入钙的影响

吡喹酮仅在较短时间内增加体外培养的日本血吸虫♂虫对~(45)Ca~(2+)的摄入量。在含30 mMMg~(2+)的HBS中,吡喹酮对♂虫摄入~(45)Ca~(2+)的量无明显影响。在4℃的HBS中,吡喹酮可使♂虫对~(45)Ca~(2+)的摄入量至少在1小时内持续增加。此外,在无Ca~(2+)的HBS中,血吸虫♂虫已摄入的~(45)Ca~(2+)的释放量较在HBS中的显著为多。     

Adriamycin-induced histamine release from heart tissue in vitro

 It has been proven that the anthracyclines induce an important, noncytotoxic histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. As mast cells derived from different tissues exhibit marked heterogeneity, the effect of Adriamycin in comparison with other antineoplastic agents was tested on fragments of the right heart auricle, which contain a great number of mast cells. In this experimental model, Adriamycin induced a dose-dependent histamine release that was significantly limited by the antiexocytotic drug sodium cromoglycate. The antineoplastic agents cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil, in contrast, did not provoke any comparable histamine release. In the formulation employed in clinical settings, paclitaxel was also capable of inducing a histamine release comparable with that of Adriamycin; the exocytotic activity, however, was also evident when the tissue fragments were treated with Cremophor EL alone, without the addition of paclitaxel, whereas treatment of samples with paclitaxel dissolved in ethanol did not induce any releasing action. These data thus suggest that the secretory activity should be ascribed to the solvent Cremophor EL and not to paclitaxel. The release of histamine induced by paclitaxel in Cremophor EL/ethanol was also limited by sodium cromoglycate. These results again indicate that histamine release from mast cells derived not only from the peritoneal cavity but also from the cardiac tissue could play a role in the cardiotoxicity of anthracyclines and of paclitaxel in the clinically employed formulation. Received: 18 August 1996 / Accepted: 22 December 1996     

Histamine-induced contraction and relaxation of placental chorionic plate arteries

Studies of the human placental vasculature suggest a low resistance circulation. Using wire myography, endothelial-dependent relaxation of human chorionic plate arteries has been difficult to demonstrate with any consistency. However, histamine has been suggested to relax placental vessels in the perfused organ in vitro. Here we aimed to demonstrate endothelial-dependent relaxation to histamine under physiological conditions of stretch and oxygenation. Histamine administration to pre-contracted arteries induced a triphasic response; an initial contraction followed by a dilatation which stabilized to a significant relaxation compared to time control arteries. Relaxation was partially inhibited by blockers of endothelial-dependent relaxation pathways. The initial contraction was abolished by H(1)-receptor blockade with mepyramine. The relaxation was significantly reduced by H(2)-receptor blockade with famotidine but only abolished in the presence of both H(1)- and H(2)-receptor antagonists. In conclusion, histamine induced contraction and relaxation of human chorionic plate arteries. Our data suggest that contraction is mediated by activation of H(1)-receptors. Relaxation occurs directly, via activation of H(2)-receptors on vascular smooth muscle cells, and indirectly via H(1)-receptor stimulation of endothelial-dependent relaxation.     

Effects of verapamil on activation of arachidonic acid metabolism in guinea-pig lungs

The effects of (±)-verapamil and its optical isomers on the activation of arachidonic acid (AA) in guinea-pig isolated perfused lungs were investigated. The calcium ionophore A23187 (6–15 nmol), histamine (20–50 nmol) and leukotriene E₄ (1–2 nmol) induced the release of thromboxane A₂ (TxA₂), which was detected by bioassay and by radioimmunoassay of the stable metabolite TxB₂. Racemic (±)-verapamil (0.4–40 μM) caused concentration-dependent inhibition of A23187-induced release of TxA₂ without affecting the conversion of exogenous AA to TxA₂. Both (+)-verapamil and (−)-verapamil (1–10 μM) caused concentration-dependent inhibition of histamine-induced release of TxA₂. In contrast, racemic (±)-verapamil did not inhibit leukotriene E₄ (LTE₄)-induced release of TxB₂. Calcium depletion (with 2 mM ethylenediamine tetra acetate) significantly reduced both histamine-induced release of TxB₂ from 8.6 ± 2.6 to 1.8 ± 0.8 ng/min (P < 0.05) and LTE₄-induced release of TxB₂ from 4.9 ± 0.9 to 0.5 ± 0.2 ng/min (mean±S.E.M.)(P<0.05). Since histamine stimulates phospholipase A₂ in guinea-pig lungs, these results suggest that (±)-verapamil inhibits phospholipase A₂ and that A23187 activates AA metabolism by stimulating phospholipase A₂. Although all three agents activate AA metabolism by calcium-dependent processes, LTE₄ may stimulate calcium entry via separate mechanisms because it is not inhibited by (±)-verapamil.     

细胞因子释放综合征的发病机制及诊断分级与处理方案

【摘要】 嵌合抗原受体T细胞治疗(CAR-T)作为近年来肿瘤治疗的新方法,在血液肿瘤中取得了令人惊喜的结 果。细胞因子释放综合征(CRS)是免疫治疗,尤其是C AR-T治疗的一种最常见不良反应,临床症状多样、发生率高,严 重者可造成多器官功能衰竭甚至危及患者生命。CRS的发病机制目前仍不清楚,其发生及严重程度与细胞因子如匂细 胞介素-6等升高、血管内皮激活相关。及早诊断及治疗CRS具有重要的临床意义。托珠单抗及糖皮质激素是目前控制 CRS的主要药物,合适时机应用是控制CRS的关键。     

胰岛素壳聚糖纳米粒的制备

 目的制备胰岛素壳聚糖纳米粒。方法采用酶水解和超滤膜分离技术，得到不同相对分子质量的壳聚糖，由凝胶渗透色谱法测定其相对分子质量；采用溶剂扩散法制备纳米粒，研究纳米粒的空间结构，测定其粒径、表面电位(zeta电位)、模型药物胰岛素包封率及体外释放。结果通过控制酶水解条件，经超滤分离得到3种不同相对分子质量的壳聚糖，凝胶渗透色谱法测得的重均相对分子质量(MW)分别为10 289，41500和101 870。经溶剂扩散法制备得到的壳聚糖纳米粒，呈类圆形球体，粒径分布较窄，且随制备工艺中乙醇加入量的增加、分散用超声次数的增多，以及壳聚糖分子量的降低，粒径变小。壳聚糖纳米粒带正电荷，zeta电位值大于+30 mV。放射免疫法测得的药物包封率为72.66%。在壳聚糖酶存在条件下，前1 h体外释放药物较快，1 h后趋于平稳，并能持续释放6 h。结论选用合适相对分子质量壳聚糖制备胰岛素壳聚糖纳米粒，方法简便，药物包封率高，并有一定的缓释作用。     

Improvement of the Prediction Power of the CoMFA and CoMSIA Models on Histamine H3 Antagonists by Different Variable Selection Methods

The aim of this study is to enhance the predictivity power of CoMFA and CoMSIA models by means of different variable selection algorithms. The genetic algorithm (GA), successive projection algorithm (SPA), stepwise multiple linear regression (SW-MLR), and the enhanced replacement method (ERM) were used and tested as variable selection algorithms. Then, the selected variables were used to generate a simple and predictive model by the multilinear regression algorithm. A set of 74 histamine H₃ antagonists were split into 40 compounds as a training set, and 17 compounds as a test set, by the Kennard-Stone algorithm. Before splitting the data, 17 compounds were randomly selected from the pool of the whole data set as an evaluation set without any supervision, pretreatment, or visual inspection. Among applied variable selection algorithms, ERM had noticeable improvement on the statistical parameters. The r² values of training, test, and evaluation sets for the ERM-MLR model using CoMFA fields were 0.9560, 0.8630, and 0.8460 and using the CoMSIA fields were 0.9800, 0.8521, and 0.9080, respectively. In this study, the principles of organization for economic cooperation and development (OECD) for regulatory acceptability of QSARs are considered.     

Release characteristics of polymethacrylate nanospheres containing coumarin-6

Sustained release nanospheres were prepared from the polymethacrylates Eudragit^r` S₁₀₀ and E₁₀₀ containing a water insoluble dye by a salting-out method. Coumarin-6 was used as a model for insoluble analgesics to ascertain uptake and release properties dependent on polymer characteristics and pH. Morphology and particle size were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Particles were smooth, spherical and uniform with diameters ranging from 0.6–0.8 μm. Yield was 38% and 86% for E₁₀₀and S₁₀₀, respectively, and encapsulation of coumarin-6 efficiency was 58% and 75%, respectively. Coumarin-6 was stable within the polymer matrix at temperatures from -20$C to 45$C for 4 months. Release was most efficient from S₁₀₀ polymers in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 and 8.0 reaching a maximum ～ 5 hours prior to samples at pH 7.0 and 9.0. Release was biphasic and concentration as a function of the square root of time produced linear data suggesting a Higuchi type diffusion from a polymer matrix. Release from E₁₀₀ was 65% lower than that from S₁₀₀ and was not solely dependent upon the ionization of polymer but most likely due to a combination of factors including buffer ionization.     

A pH-triggered delayed-release chronotherapeutic drug delivery system of aceclofenac for effective management of early morning symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract

Context: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is differentiated as an early morning exacerbation of the core arthritis condition associated with increase in pain and stiffness in joints and necessitate for medication. Objective: The aim of the present work was to develop and optimise a pH-triggered delayed-release colon-specific aceclofenac microspheres and to accomplish chronotherapy of RA. Methods: A 3-factor, 3-level Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimise selected variables. Developed formulation was evaluated for in vivo delayed response and anti-arthritis activity in rats. Results: The particle size and encapsulation efficacy of these microspheres were 117.36?±?10.54?µm and 85.06?±?5.85%, respectively. Optimised formulation was analysed by SEM, DSC, X-RPD and FTIR. The in vivo evaluation reveled delayed anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced rats and anti-arthritic activity in freund’s adjuvant-induced arthritis rats. Conclusion: The optimised aceclofenac microspheres formulation is potential for the chronotherapy of early morning symptoms of RA.