人精子穿卵改良试验对不同生育状态男子生育力测定的价值

目的　本研究用一种经改良的人精子穿卵试验 (SPA)处理人精子 ,以探讨一种更简便、快速、经济 ,适合一般实验室要求的方法。方法　将精子体外获能液用磷酸氢二钠把pH值调理至 8.2± 0 .2 ;用普通隔水式恒温培养箱进行培养 ;对 75例不同生育状态男子生育力进行测定 (其中 2 5例有生育力男子 ;2 5例“原因不明”不育男子 ;及 2 5例输精管吻合术后 )。结果　 3种不同生育状态男子的SPA值分别是 (4 7.12± 9.92 ) % ;(2 1.73± 9.91) % ,及 (2 8.0 4± 9.91) %。前两者在统计学上有显著差异 ,(P<0 .0 1) ;后两者在统计学上无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结果表明经用改良的精子获能液并在普通恒温培养箱培养后精子的活率和活力都有较大的提高 ,这有利于精子的长期获能及提高精子的穿透能力。结论　本研究提示改良后的人精子穿卵试验处理精子确实更简便、快速、经济 ,适合一般实验室要求 ,便于推广。     

Gene structure and genetic localization of the PCLO gene encoding the presynaptic active zone protein Piccolo

Piccolo belongs to a family of presynaptic cytoskeletal proteins likely to be involved in the assembly and function of presynaptic active zones as sites of neurotransmitter release. Given that abnormalities in the formation of synaptic junctions are thought to contribute to cognitive dysfunction during brain development, we have analyzed and compared the gene structure of the Piccolo gene, PCLO, from humans and mice and determined their chromosomal localization. A comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of cDNA clones encoding Piccolo from human, mouse, rat and chicken reveals the presence of distinct homology domains. Only subsets of these are also present in the structurally related active zone protein Bassoon indicating that Piccolo and Bassoon perform related but distinct functions at active zones. Characterization of the PCLO gene reveals the presence of 25 coding exons spread over 380kb of genomic DNA. The human PCLO gene maps to 7q11.23-q21.3, a region of chromosome 7 implicated as a linkage site for autism and Williams Syndrome suggesting that alterations in the expression of Piccolo or the PCLO gene could contribute to developmental disabilities and mental retardation.     

Nitric oxide and gamma-aminobutyric acid as regulators of neurogenesis in the brain of adult mammals: Models of seizure activity

New neurons are known to be generated in the brain of adult mammals throughout their entire life in the area of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. The regulatory mechanisms of neurogenesis are complex and poorly understood. Numerous studies performed during the last decade have shown that the intensity of generation of new cells in the germinative regions of the brain is significantly influenced by various environmental factors. Pronounced changes in neurogenesis were also found in the models of various pathologies of the central nervous system (such as neurodegeneration, brain ischemia, and epilepsy). This review is focused on the regulation of neurogenesis in the brain of adult mammals in the course of experimental epilepsy. The involvement of nitric oxide and gamma-aminobutyric acid in the regulation of the proliferation and differentiation of brain cells during seizure activity is discussed.     

Schwann cell invasion of the conus medullaris: case report

As Schwann cells possess regenerative capabilities there is intense interest concerning their role in central nervous system (CNS) regeneration. We report on a case of an intramedullary schwannoma involving the conus medullaris and spinal cord above it. We discuss the possible origin of these cells and the mechanisms by which these cells may invade the CNS. We offer imaging and discuss experimental studies to support our hypothesis. This case concerns a 48-year-old man, who presented with a 6-month history of bilateral lower extremity weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an intramedullary tumour extending from the conus to T11. At operation, following laminectomy and durotomy, a schwannoma was dissected free from the conus. Total gross resection of tumour was achieved. The patient made an uneventful and full recovery. This case shows that Schwann cells can invade the CNS. Manipulation of the transitional zone astrocytic barrier may offer a potential avenue for Schwann cells to enter the CNS in pathological states.     

Model of reentrant ventricular tachycardia based on infarct border zone geometry predicts reentrant circuit features as determined by activation mapping

BACKGROUND: Infarct border zone (IBZ) geometry likely affects inducibility and characteristics of postinfarction reentrant ventricular tachycardia, but the connection has not been established. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine characteristics of postinfarction ventricular tachycardia in the IBZ. METHODS: A geometric model describing the relationship between IBZ geometry and wavefront propagation in reentrant circuits was developed. Based on the formulation, slow conduction and block were expected to coincide with areas where IBZ thickness (T) is minimal and the local spatial gradient in thickness (DeltaT) is maximal, so that the degree of wavefront curvature rho proportional, variant DeltaT/T is maximal. Regions of fastest conduction velocity were predicted to coincide with areas of minimum DeltaT. In seven arrhythmogenic postinfarction canine heart experiments, tachycardia was induced by programmed stimulation, and activation maps were constructed from multichannel recordings. IBZ thickness was measured in excised hearts from histologic analysis or magnetic resonance imaging. Reentrant circuit properties were predicted from IBZ geometry and compared with ventricular activation maps after tachycardia induction. RESULTS: Mean IBZ thickness was 231 +/- 140 microm at the reentry isthmus and 1440 +/- 770 microm in the outer pathway (P <0.001). Mean curvature rho was 1.63 +/- 0.45 mm(-1) at functional block line locations, 0.71 +/- 0.18 mm(-1) at isthmus entrance-exit points, and 0.33 +/- 0.13 mm(-1) in the outer reentrant circuit pathway. The mean conduction velocity about the circuit during reentrant tachycardia was 0.32 +/- 0.04 mm/ms at entrance-exit points, 0.42 +/- 0.13 mm/ms for the entire outer pathway, and 0.64 +/- 0.16 mm/ms at outer pathway regions with minimum DeltaT. Model sensitivity and specificity to detect isthmus location was 75.0% and 97.2%. CONCLUSIONS: Reentrant circuit features as determined by activation mapping can be predicted on the basis of IBZ geometrical relationships.     

Asynchronous blepharospasm, facial and cervical dystonia, and bilateral asynchronous hemifacial spasm.

We present a patient with a facial movement disorder that has characteristics of both blepharospasm and bilateral asynchronous hemifacial spasm. Because of the increased incidence of blepharospasm in patients with hemifacial spasm, our patient's clinical presentation is probably not a chance occurrence, but rather a manifestation of some predisposition for these two movement disorders. This unusual constellation of signs and symptoms challenges the current diagnostic criteria and suggests that some of these facial movement disorders may lie on a spectrum, rather than represent distinct entities.     

毛细管区带电泳法测定复方马来酸依那普利片中两组分含量

用毛细管区带电泳法同时测定复方马来酸依那普利片中两组分含量。以咖啡因为内标，２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ硼砂—２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸二氢钠（４９∶５１，ｐＨ８６）为运行缓冲液，在７ｍｉｎ内完成分离。马来酸依那普利和氢氯噻嗪的线性范围分别为８０～６４０μｇ／ｍＬ（ｒ＝０９９９９）和５０～４００μｇ／ｍＬ（ｒ＝０９９９３）。平均回收率分别为１０１０％和１０１１％，ＲＳＤ分别为１０％和１７％，ｎ＝５。     

Work at sea: a study of sleep,and of circadian rhythms in physiological and psychological functions,in watchkeepers on merchant vessels

Summary Daily diary records of sleep and activity, and 4-h measurements of body temperature, performance and subjective alertness were collected on board ship from 15 watchkeepers on the 4-on/8-off system, and from 28 dayworkers, on both westward and eastward transatlantic voyages. The data from a balanced sample of the subjects were analysed over selected 8-d periods of the voyages where four or five time zones were crossed. During these periods the average amount of daily sleep obtained by dayworkers on the eastward voyage was more than 1 h less than that on the westward voyage, and its quality was rated lower. Watchkeepers' main sleep was also shorter when travelling eastward, but this reduction was partially compensated for by a slightly longer secondary sleep. With the exception of subjective alertness on the eastward voyage, the basic phase of the circadian rhythms in the measured variables adjusted appropriately to the clock changes associated with the time zone crossings. The normal shape of the average daily curves was, however, altered differentially in the two directions of travel; as a result, morning levels of all variables were lower on the eastward voyage than on the westward, but evening levels were higher. These distortions of rhythm waveforms, which probably arose from a combination of endogenous and exogenous factors, add another dimension to the basic problem caused by the effects of circadian rhythms on operational efficiency in the shipboard situation. This problem can only be solved by the development of alternative watchkeeping systems which take full account of these rhythms.Partly supported by a grant from the West German Ministry for Technology and Research, Project Schiff der Zukunft, Part ET 83b     

猪卵透明带单克隆抗体的研制

用热溶猪卵透明带抗原免疫BALB/C 小鼠,取其脾细胞和SP2/O 细胞融合产生的杂交瘤。用间接免疫荧光和ELISA 方法筛选,经四次克隆化后,获得三株分泌猪卵透明带单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株(LPD_8,LPC_4,LPD_2)。通过间接免疫荧光试验,其中二株单克隆抗体(LPD_8,LPC_4)与人卵透明带有交叉反应。但它们在猪与人卵透明带上呈现的荧光部位有明显的不同,LPD_8位于整个透明带上,而LPC_4只见于透明带外层。LPD_2荧光位于透明带内层且与人卵无交叉反应。我们认为这种差别是由于抗原决定簇的不同所致。     

Lymphotoxin but not tumor necrosis factor functions to maintain splenic architecture and humoral responsiveness in adult mice

To compare the function of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and lymphotoxin (LT)α/β systems in the mature immune system, these two pathways were blocked with soluble receptor-immunoglobulin (R-Ig) fusion proteins in normal adult mice. Inhibition of LTα/β signaling using LTβR-Ig or a blocking monoclonal antibody against murine LTβ had profound effects. The spleen lacked discrete B cell follicles and the marginal zone was altered. Less marked changes were detected in lymph nodes. LTα/β inhibition also prevented germinal center formation in the spleen and impaired Ig production in response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) immunization. These results show that the LTα/β system is required for the maintenance of splenic architecture and normal immune responses, and not simply for the development of peripheral immune organs during ontogeny. In contrast, inhibition of the TNF/LTα pathway with TNF-R55-Ig did not affect the splenic architecture or the anti-SRBC response. Splenic defects and impaired antibody responses are seen in TNF-deficient mice, suggesting that TNF is important during development. Therefore relative to TNF, the LT system has the dominant influence on splenic organization and anti-SRBC Ig formation in the adult mouse.