正常及良性前列腺增生组织中表皮生长因子活性的测定

为了解表皮生长因子在前列腺组织中的作用，利用免疫组织化学方法和竟争放射受体法对人正常和良性前列腺增生组织中表皮生长因子的组织定位和活性进行了检测。结果表明表皮生长因子主要定位于前列腺的分泌上皮细胞，正常前列腺和良性前列腺增生组织中表皮生长因子的活性无显著性差异。提示前列腺组织中表皮生长因子的主要作用可能并非在于调节前列腺上皮细胞的增殖。     

Interactions between peripheral blood CD8 T lymphocytes and intestinal epithelial cells (iEC)

Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (iIEL) are primarily CD8 cells and most of them have a CD28^? phenotype, the phenotype of effector cytotoxic T cells. We asked whether the predominance of CD8⁺ CD28^? T cells in the gut may result from peripheral blood T cells preferentially migrating to the iIEL compartment and adhering to iEC. Compared with CD4 cells, adhesion of resting CD8⁺ T cells to iEC cell lines was significantly higher. Adhesion could be blocked with a MoAb to gp180, a molecule expressed on iEC which is known to interact with CD8/lck. No significant difference in the level of adhesion was observed between CD8⁺ CD28⁺ and CD8⁺ CD28^? T cells. Thus CD8 cells may preferentially migrate to the iIEL compartment, but loss of CD28 expression could occur in situ after migration. Consistent with this hypothesis, the CD8⁺ CD28^? cells became enriched after co-culturing T cells with iEC cell lines and primary iEC. Induction of the CD8⁺ CD28^? phenotype in cord blood and adult T cells was observed in co-cultures with iEC and also with mitogens and superantigens. In the latter case, CD28 down-modulation was seen specifically in the Vβ subset targeted by the superantigen, indicating that loss of CD28 expression is a direct result of T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated stimulation. The combined results suggest that CD8⁺ CD28^? T cells are antigen experienced T cells, and that they may have a survival advantage in the presence of gut epithelial cells in vitro. This may contribute to the predominance of CD8⁺ CD28^? T cells in the iIEL compartment.     

Influence of seminal vesicular fluid on the zinc content of human sperm chromatin

Chromatin zinc was studied using X-ray microanalysis of spermatozoa obtained from split-ejaculate fractions. Chromatin zinc, expressed as intensity ratio between zinc and sulphur (Zn/S), was unrelated to seminal zinc concentration, but was related inversely to markers of seminal vesicular secretion (fructose concentration and the proportion of zinc bound to ligands of seminal vesicular origin). It is concluded that the content of zinc in sperm chromatin can be reduced by the action of zinc ligands of seminal vesicular origin. An abnormally high contribution of seminal vesicular fluid to sperm-rich fractions of the ejaculate thus creates a risk of depleting chromatin zinc and thereby impairing zinc-dependent chromatin stability.     

一个RET原癌基因Met918Thr突变的多发性内分泌腺瘤病Ⅱb家系报道

目的 检测一个多发性内分泌腺瘤病(MEN)Ⅱb家系的RET原癌基因突变。方法 提取患者及其父母的外周血基因组DNA，对RET原癌基因第16外显子进行聚合酶链反应(PCR)，将PCR扩增产物进行直接基因测序和限制性内切酶分析。结果 检测到患者RET原癌基因第16外显子918密码子存在ATG(Met)／ACG(Thr)点突变，而在患者父母中未检测到该突变。结论 通过对MENⅡb患者及其父母的基因筛查发现，该患者点突变是杂合子错义突变。该疾病的诊断达到了基因水平。     

高强度超声对犬前列腺组织损伤的实验研究

目的　探讨经尿道高强度超声 (transurethralhighintensityultrasound ,TUHIU)治疗良性前列腺增生症 (benignprostatichyperplasia ,BPH)的有效性和可行性。方法　对犬前列腺进行TUHIU辐照处理 ,辐照后不同时期处死动物以观察其急性、亚急性和慢性期大体及组织病理变化。同时观察辐照前后影像学变化。结果　TUHIU辐照前前列腺部尿道平均最大宽度为 0 66± 0 12 ( x±s)cm ,辐照 3周后前列腺部尿道平均最大宽度为 2 11± 1 0 7cm ,较辐照前显著增宽。辐照后可见靶区内尿道周围腺体发生凝固性坏死 ,3 0～ 60天后坏死组织脱落尿道呈囊腔状。光、电镜下均可见腺上皮及基质细胞发生均匀性凝固性坏死。辐照后经腹B超示前列腺内部出现液性暗区 ,前列腺呈囊性改变。辐照后即刻各犬均出现短暂性尿潴留、尿频、尿线变细 ,1月后恢复正常。结论　TUHIU可破坏前列腺组织 ,明显增加前列腺部尿道宽度。     

Dysgeusia related to urinary obstruction from benign prostatic disease: a case control and qualitative study

Anecdotal reports suggest that dysgeusia may be related to a variety of systemic factors, including bladder outflow obstruction. This is a hospital-based case-controlled study involving 111 patients who were admitted to urological wards for transurethral resection of the prostate for benign prostatic disease with age- and sex-matched control of 137 subjects. We used a semi-structured questionnaire by a trained interviewer at admission (preoperative), at the postoperative period and at follow-up between 4–6 months (median 5 months). Analysis used unpaired t-test and X₂ test. The incidence of dysgeusia was 22% in the study group and 13% in the control group (P=N.S.). However, strikingly, the dysgeusia in the study group was relieved promptly by relief of urinary obstruction in 100% of cases and did not return within the follow-up period. The mechanism of the dysgeusia associated with dysuria in benign prostatic disease is unknown, but we suggest that the dysgeusia could be from the stress of dysuria or due to a release of an unknown chemical from the urinary tract or an overflow of neural impulse from pontine/cortical micturition centres to the taste centres. An association between dysgeusia and dysuria has not been described before.     

System for prostate brachytherapy and biopsy in a standard 1.5 T MRI scanner.

A technique for transperineal high-dose-rate (HDR) prostate brachytherapy and needle biopsy in a standard 1.5 T MRI scanner is demonstrated. In each of eight procedures (in four patients with intermediate to high risk localized prostate cancer), four MRI-guided transperineal prostate biopsies were obtained followed by placement of 14-15 hollow transperineal catheters for HDR brachytherapy. Mean needle-placement accuracy was 2.1 mm, 95% of needle-placement errors were less than 4.0 mm, and the maximum needle-placement error was 4.4 mm. In addition to guiding the placement of biopsy needles and brachytherapy catheters, MR images were also used for brachytherapy treatment planning and optimization. Because 1.5 T MR images are directly acquired during the interventional procedure, dependence on deformable registration is reduced and online image quality is maximized.     

手术治疗伴逼尿肌乏力的前列腺增生症

目的探讨BPH并有逼尿肌乏力(ACD)的病人是否手术等问题,为BPH并有逼尿肌乏力的病人治疗方法的选择提供依据.方法对尿动力学检查确认有ACD的15例BPH进行手术治疗.手术后复查尿流率.对所得数据进行自身配对t检验.结果术前和术后最大尿流率分别为(3.3±3.1)ml/s和(14.88±6.08)ml/s(P＜0.05).结论在前列腺摘除后,BPH伴有逼尿肌乏力的病人也能够产生有效排尿.故对确有膀胱出口梗阻(BOO)存在的BPH病人,即使有逼尿肌收缩乏力,也应积极手术.     

前列腺癌新辅助治疗临床分析（附32例报告）

目的 总结32例前列腺癌患者新辅助治疗（NHT）的作用。方法 32例前列腺癌患者中药物去势17例，手术去势15例，并联合抗雄激素治疗3个月，统计NHT前后前列腺癌体积、肿瘤大小、PSA、FSH、LH和睾酮水平变化。结果 2组NHT后前列腺体积明显变小、肿瘤变小、变软，甚至消失，PSA和睾酮明显下降，药物去势组睾酮水平在耻骨后前列腺癌根治术（RRP）术后2～3个月可恢复正常，而手术去势组RRP术后睾酮呈持续低水平。结论 NHT可明显缩小前列腺体积，降低PSA，有利于手术操作。药物去势对内分泌影响是可逆的，而手术去势内分泌改变不可逆。