儿童腔静脉后输尿管的诊断及腹腔镜治疗

目的提高儿童下腔静脉后输尿管的诊治水平。方法回顾性分析2002—2006年我院诊治的6例下腔静脉后输尿管患儿的临床资料。6例患儿均行逆行输尿管造影（RU）或多层螺旋CT三维尿路成像（MSCTU）等检查，特征性影像学表现为输尿管呈倒J形或S形；治疗采用微创的腹膜后途径腹腔镜下输尿管矫正复位术，术中将输尿管切断移到下腔静脉前做输尿管端端吻合术。结果6例患儿均术前确诊。术后3～6个月复查症状消失，B超和IVU示肾积水有不同程度减轻。微创的腹膜后途径腹腔镜下输尿管矫正复位术同传统开放手术相比并不增加手术并发症。结论IVU和RU是诊断下腔静脉后输尿管的首选方法；MSCTU是诊断下腔静脉后输尿管最佳的无创性检查方法。输尿管切断复位矫正术是治疗此病较好的手术方法，而腹腔镜治疗腔静脉后输尿管创伤小、美观、恢复快，效果满意，是腔静脉后输尿管有效的微创治疗新手段。     

经胼胝体-透明隔间腔-穹隆间入路切除下丘脑错构瘤术后血电解质紊乱

目的 总结经胼胝体-透明隔间腔-穹隆间入路切除下丘脑错构瘤术后电解质紊乱的规律和治疗经验.方法 分析2001年11月至2008年5月37例病人术后经过.结果 37例患者有8例术后电解质正常,19例初始异常表现为低钠低氯,10例表现为高钠高氯.29例术后电解质紊乱患者出院时1例血钠略低,8例高钠高氯,20例完全正常.结论 术后24 h血浆钠氯离子表现最重要,低钠低氯在术后急性期对病人损害最大,血浆钠氯离子可随时发生剧烈变化,2周后病人电解质大多趋于稳定,表现为正常或高钠高氯.     

A laterally rotating surgical device attached to the operating table

A laterally rotating surgical device that can be attached to conventional operating tables is described. The position of the patient can be safely and rapidly changed from a supine to a right or left lateral position of 60°. This device is beneficial for performing operations using a thoracoabdominal approach such as is used in cases of resection of gastroesophageal cancer.     

Intraventricular ganglioglioma: a short illustrated review

The following review of the literature describes the ganglioglioma, an uncommon mixed glioneuronal neoplasm, most often of low-grade histology, with a small, albeit well-documented, malignant potential. These tumors exhibit a strong epileptogenic propensity and most often present as new onset seizures or are discovered after a long history of refractory epilepsy. Despite their indolent course, the importance of gross total resection is well recognized to prevent anaplastic and malignant degeneration. Morphologically, the neoplasm is often cystic with an enhancing mural nodule, but can also be entirely solid. They are most often found in the temporal lobe but have been found throughout the neuraxis. An exceedingly rare location of the ganglioglioma is within the lateral ventricle. A systematic literature search revealed only eight reports documenting the occurrence of a ganglioglioma within the lateral ventricle. We describe an illustrative case of an intraventricular ganglioglioma with a prominent cystic component and enhancing mural nodule, which represents the classic radiographic appearance of gangliogliomas described in other locations. A superior parietal lobule approach offered excellent surgical access for tumor removal and the patient has remained free of neurological deficits following surgery. Regardless of location within the central nervous system, ganglioglioma should be on the differential diagnosis for any cystic mass with a mural nodule, particularly in the setting of epilepsy.     

小脑幕脑膜瘤的手术治疗

目的 探讨小脑幕脑膜瘤的手术入路和手术技巧。方法 对1992年1月至2002年12月间收治的小脑幕脑膜瘤进行回顾性分析。本组56例，占同期收治的所有颅内脑膜瘤的8．66％，女性占绝大多数。对主要向幕上发展者，根据肿瘤的部位，采用扩大翼点入路、颢下入路、颞枕部入路和枕部入路；肿瘤全部或主体在后颅窝者，采用枕下或枕部-枕下联合开颅术；跨幕者采用颞下-乙状窦前入路。结果 本组全切除53例，部分切除3例，术后死亡2例(3．6％)，出现新增神经功能障碍5例，复发6例。结论 小脑幕脑膜瘤手术入路的选择必须根据患者的具体情况进行个体化设计；熟悉局部的显微解剖并熟练运用显微外科技术是取得手术成功的关键。     

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour in the ischio-rectal fossa

Primary sarcomas in the ischiorectal fossa are occasionally reported and represent a significant challenge due to the proximity of rectum, levator muscles and pudendal neurovascular structures. We report a case in which the diagnosis changed between biopsy (desmoid tumour) and resection (malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour), requiring a multidisciplinary surgical approach involving different sub-specialties. It also illustrates the importance of undertaking sarcoma surgery in a recognized sarcoma centre with sarcoma expertise available across a range of disciplines.     

Prospective study of morbidity associated with open reduction and internal fixation of the fractured condyle by the transparotid approach

We present a summary of a prospective study of 50 consecutive cases into the morbidity associated with open reduction and internal fixation of the fractured mandibular condyle through the transparotid approach. It is acceptably safe, and the data can now be presented to patients to help them make an informed choice about options for treatment.     

上胸段脊柱病变的前路与后路手术治疗

目的观察比较前、后手术入路治疗上胸段脊柱病变的疗效。方法选择上胸段脊柱病变56例,其中肿瘤27例,结核23例,陈旧性外伤6例,分别经前、后路病灶切除减压、植骨,大部分(48例)辅以内固定。随访6～48个月。结果本组均安全度过围手术期,3例术后发生乳糜漏,4例出现喉返神经牵拉伤所致一过性声音嘶哑,4例出现一过性膈神经刺激引起的呃逆症状。48例术后神经功能有不同程度改善,8例无明显改善。随访期间1例于1个月后双侧肺炎死亡,2例局部肿瘤复发,2例局部结核复发,1例肿瘤细胞全身转移死亡。均无断钉及内固定脱落。结论对上胸段脊柱病变正确选择应用前、后入路手术可暴露病变部位,彻底清除病灶。     

Transdisciplinary approach: an atypical strategy for improving outcomes in rehabilitative and long-term acute care settings.

In the rehabilitation and long-term acute care settings, an atypical strategy has emerged in the past few years whereby the central focus is on improving patient care through a team approach in which responsibilities are shared and the normal boundaries of the healthcare professions blurred. This article provides a conceptual analysis of this unique, transdisciplinary approach to care delivery. Differentiation between interdisciplinary, multidisciplinary, and transdisciplinary techniques is provided through case scenarios. Defining attributes, necessary antecedents, and the many possible positive outcomes from the transdisciplinary approach to practice is discussed. This concept analysis defines for the rehabilitation or long-term acute care nurse a method that can be used to redesign care delivery, to promote improved patient outcomes, and to achieve a cohesive team environment.