失血性休克大鼠复苏前后胃Cajal 间质细胞及Cx43的变化

目的：探讨失血性休克复苏前后大鼠胃Cajal间质细胞及间隙连接蛋白Connexin 43（Cx43）的变化。方法：SD大鼠随机均分为对照组与实验组。对照组大鼠行假手术;实验组大鼠通过放血制作失血性休克模型,维持休克状态1 h后行液体复苏。分别于休克1 h和复苏治疗后3,6,12,24 h取大鼠胃组织于电镜下观察Cajal细胞超微结构;免疫荧光染色及Western blot检测Cx43的表达。结果：电镜显示实验组休克1 h时Cajal细胞水肿、核皱缩、基膜破坏;复苏治疗后3,6 h无明显变化,12 h时结构开始逐渐恢复,至24 h Cajal细胞恢至接近对照组状态。免疫荧光染色发现实验组Cx43荧光强度于休克1 h明显减弱,但从复苏治疗后逐渐升高,至24 h基本接近对照组。Western blot法显示Cx43蛋白表达量变化与免疫荧光染色结果相一致。结论：失血性休克能导致Cajal细胞损伤与Cx43表达减少,两者改变所造成细胞间信息传递缺陷可能是失血性休克时胃肠道动力障碍的重要原因之一。     

Hemorrhagic lumbar facet cysts accompanying a spinal subdural hematoma at the same level

Abstract

Context

We present a rare and interesting case of hemorrhagic lumbar facet cysts accompanying a spinal subdural hematoma at the same level suggesting a possible mechanism by which spinal subdural hematomas can arise.

Findings

A 71-year-old man presented with persistent sciatic pain and intermittent claudication. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a multilocular mass lesion that showed high signal intensity in both T1- and T2-weighted images, and was located both inside and outside of the spinal canal. Computed tomographic myelography showed a cap-shaped block of the dural tube at L5 and computed tomography with L5–S facet arthrography demonstrated cystic masses. The patient was diagnosed with lumbar radiculopathy caused by hemorrhagic facet cysts, and then progressed to surgical treatment. Surgery revealed that the cysts contained blood clots, and intraoperative findings that the inside of the dural tube appeared blackish and that the dural tube was tensely ballooned after removal of the cysts led us to explorative durotomy. The durotomy demonstrated concentrated old blood pooling both in the dorsal and ventral subdural space, and these spaces were subsequently drained. After surgery, his sciatic pain and intermittent claudication resolved. There was no evidence of cyst mass recurrence at 2 years of follow-up.

Conclusion

We propose a newly described mechanism for the formation of spinal subdural hematomas. We recommend surgeons be alert to epidural lesions causing repeated acute compression of the dural tube, which can cause spinal subdural hematoma, and consider the possible coexistence of these lesions in diagnosis and strategic surgical decisions.     

埃博拉病毒疫苗最新研究进展

埃博拉病毒(Ebola virus,EBOV)是引起人类和非人灵长类动物严重出血热的最危险病原体之一,1976年首次得到报道.2014年撒哈拉以南非洲暴发的EBOV病的病死率高达90％.研究表明EBOV灭活疫苗无效,但多个新型EBOV候选疫苗已在临床前试验中显示有效,其中部分已进入临床试验.这些新型疫苗包括病毒载体疫苗、病毒样颗粒疫苗和核酸疫苗.此文对EBOV疫苗的研究进展做一综述.     

队列人群出血性卒中和缺血性卒中危险因素的对比研究

目的 分析与比较出血性卒中和缺血性卒中危险因素及其暴露水平的差异。方法 2003年在上海市奉贤区某农村社区建立卒中危险因素研究队列,对常见的卒中危险因素进行基线调查,检测脑血管血流动力学指标,按照统一的积分规则计算脑血管功能积分,随访卒中的发病。用队列研究的方法分析出血性卒中和缺血性卒中的危险因素,对2种亚型卒中的危险因素进行分析和比较。结果 纳入研究的队列人群10 565例,随访（11.15±2.26）年,新发生出血性卒中103例,缺血性卒中268例。脑血管功能积分降低、饮酒史、高血压病史和年龄升高是出血性卒中的独立危险因素,风险比（HR）值分别为1.56（95%CI：1.23~1.98）、2.46（95%CI：1.39~4.34）、1.75（95%CI：1.00~3.07）和1.07（95%CI：1.04~1.10）。脑血管功能积分降低、吸烟史、高血压病史、卒中家族史、左心室肥厚和年龄升高是缺血性卒中的独立危险因素,HR值分别为1.43（95%CI：1.25~1.65）、1.52（95%CI：1.13~2.05）、1.51（95%CI：1.10~2.07）、1.89（95%CI：1.13~3.15）、1.74（95%CI：1.07~2.81）和1.07（95%CI：1.05~1.08）。结论 脑血管功能积分降低、高血压病史、年龄升高是出血性卒中和缺血性卒中共同的独立危险因素,饮酒史是出血性卒中的独立危险因素,吸烟史、卒中家族史和左心室肥厚是缺血性卒中的独立危险因素。     

Growth and differentiation factor-15 as a potential prognostic biomarker for status-epilepticus-associated-with-fever: A pilot study

ObjectiveBiomarkers predicting poor outcomes of status-epilepticus-associated-with-fever (SEF) at an early stage may contribute to treatment guidance. However, none have been reported thus far. We investigated the dynamics of serum growth and differentiation factor (GDF)-15 after seizure onset in patients with SEF and determined whether GDF-15 can predict poor outcomes, particularly in the first 6 h after seizure onset.MethodsWe enrolled 37 pediatric patients with SEF and eight patients with simple febrile seizures (SFS) and collected their blood samples within 24 h of seizure onset and eight febrile control patients between March 1, 2017 and September 30, 2020. All patients were aged ≤15 years.ResultsIn the SEF group, the median post-seizure serum GDF-15 values were 1,065 (<6h), 2,720 (6–12 h), and 2,411 (12–24 h) pg/mL. The median serum GDF-15 in the first 6 h was measured in patients with SEF without a significant past medical history (n = 21) and was found to be statistically significantly higher (1,587 pg/mL) than in the febrile control (551 pg/mL) and SFS (411 pg/mL) groups. The median serum GDF-15 was statistically significantly higher in patients with SEF with sequelae (n = 5) and patients with acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures/reduced diffusion/hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome (n = 6) than in patients with SEF without sequelae (n = 16) (15,898 vs 756 pg/mL) and patients with prolonged FS (n = 15) (9,448 vs 796 pg/mL).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the dynamics of serum GDF-15 in patients with SEF and indicates the potential of GDF-15 as an early predictor of poor outcomes.     

便携式体外生命支持系统在失血性休克猪模型中应用

目的探讨便携式体外生命支持系统在失血性休克救治中的有效性与安全性。方法以小型巴马猪为实验对象,体质量(46.0±5.2)kg,共12只,雄性,建立失血性休克模型,肝素化后转流,应用低温脏器保护液逐步降温至15℃并停止循环。将动物随机分为两组:A组停循环时间为90 min;B组停循环时间为120 min,每组各6只。分别记录操作前后心率、平均动脉压、呼吸、体温、末梢氧饱和度及神经系统评分等。结果 A组死亡0只,存活6只(100%);B组死亡3只,存活3只(50%);两组存活率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1 d神经系统评分,A组明显高于B组(P<0.05);两组术后7 d比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论在失血性休克动物模型救治中,便携式体外生命支持系统可诱导深低温(15℃)水平停循环90 min,保证实验动物存活及神经系统功能正常,安全有效。     

Genetic characterization of tick-borne flaviviruses: new insights into evolution, pathogenetic determinants and taxonomy

Here, we analyze the complete coding sequences of all recognized tick-borne flavivirus species, including Gadgets Gully, Royal Farm and Karshi virus, seabird-associated flaviviruses, Kadam virus and previously uncharacterized isolates of Kyasanur Forest disease virus and Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus. Significant taxonomic improvements are proposed, e.g. the identification of three major groups (mammalian, seabird and Kadam tick-borne flavivirus groups), the creation of a new species (Karshi virus) and the assignment of Tick-borne encephalitis and Louping ill viruses to a unique species (Tick-borne encephalitis virus) including four viral types (i.e. Western Tick-borne encephalitis virus, Eastern Tick-borne encephalitis virus, Turkish sheep Tick-borne encephalitis virus and Louping ill Tick-borne encephalitis virus). The analyses also suggest a complex relationship between viruses infecting birds and those infecting mammals. Ticks that feed on both categories of vertebrates may constitute the evolutionary bridge between the three distinct identified lineages.     

2015—2019年江西省出血性脑卒中流行特征及住院费用分析

背景 我国尚缺乏大样本的出血性脑卒中流行病学调查,江西省脑血管病流行形势严峻。 目的 分析江西省出血性脑卒中住院患者流行特征及住院费用情况,为出血性脑卒中防控提供科学依据。 方法 通过江西省卫生健康委员会信息中心疾病诊断相关分组（DRGs）管理系统,获取江西省2015—2019年出院主诊断为I60~I61〔依据国际疾病分类第10版（ICD-10）标准〕的出血性脑卒中的患者信息,对其流行特征及住院费用进行分析。 结果 2015—2019年江西省出血性脑卒中住院患者总计128 788例,其中脑出血115 254例（89.49%）,蛛网膜下腔出血13 534例（10.51%）。2015—2019年江西省出血性脑卒中患者总住院率由64.36/10万升高至86.05/10万,呈上升趋势（χ2趋势=1 144.969,P<0.001）;脑出血总住院率由58.96/10万升高至75.22/10万,呈上升趋势（χ2趋势=727.089,P<0.001）;蛛网膜下腔出血总住院率由5.41/10万升高至10.83/10万,呈上升趋势（χ2趋势=659.513,P<0.001）。出血性脑卒中患者共病及并发症前5顺位排序为高血压、肺部感染、脑梗死、其他脑血管病、糖尿病。2015—2019年,江西省出血性脑卒中住院患者中位住院时长为14（14）d;患者住院总费用由14 300.61元升高至15 982.47元,不同年份住院患者住院总费用比较,差异有统计学意义（H=834.590,P<0.001）。2017—2019年,药费在住院总费中占比最大,近3年均达35%以上,但3年间比较,差异无统计学意义（H=3.323,P=0.190）。 结论 2015—2019年江西省出血性脑卒中及其亚型患者住院率持续增长,高血压、肺部感染为较常见的共病,住院费用负担仍较重,预防并发症、降低药费可能有助于减轻出血性脑卒中患者的经济负担。