Diffuse pulmonary hamartoma: a case report

Pulmonary hamartoma usually occurs as a benign, well-circumscribed single nodule in the lung parenchyma. We report on a unique case of hamartoma that extended along the bronchial tree, formed endobronchial polypoid lesions, and expanded into the lung parenchyma. The patient, a 48-year-old man, was admitted with dyspnea and chest pain. A transbronchial biopsy was performed on a tumorous lesion that was diagnosed histologically as a hamartoma. As this lesion was found to be growing diffusely along the bronchial tree, a left pneumonectomy was performed. Gross examination showed that yellowish soft tissue had surrounded the bronchial tree and extended into the lung parenchyma. Histologically, the lesion contained mainly mature adipose tissue, cartilage, and muscle tissue with a minor component of short spindle cells in a myxomatous matrix. The patient was diagnosed as having diffuse pulmonary hamartoma.     

Giant hypothalamic hamartoma with cystic change: report of two cases and review of the literature

We describe the MRI findings in two patients with giant hypothalamic hamartomas with cystic areas. Cystic change within hypothalamic hamartomas is rarely reported in the literature. Received:17 March 1999/Accepted: 11 November 1999     

脾脏错构瘤的诊治体会(附六例报告)

目的探讨脾脏错构瘤的诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我院1994年~2004年收治的6例脾脏错构瘤的临床资料。结果本组6例均行脾切除术,均痊愈出院,随访至今仍健在。结论影像学检查对脾脏错构瘤有一定的诊断价值。外科医生在脾脏占位鉴别诊断时应考虑到本病的可能性。     

肺错构瘤X线诊断（附13例断层和CT分析）

目的：探讨肺错构瘤断层与ＣＴ的诊断价值。材料与方法：分析１３例经手术或活检病理证帝的肺错构瘤断民ＣＴ临床资料,其中支气管内型１例肺内型１２例,均摄断层和ＣＴ扫描。结果：胸部断层和ＣＴ显示,１例管内型错瘤肿瘤起源于右主支气管内,引起一侧性肺不张。１２例肺内型按肿瘤所含成分不同分为四类：（１）既含脂脂又含钙化,２例;（２）含有钙化或骨但无脂肪,６例;（３）含有脂肪但无钙化,１例;（４）无脂肪也无钙化,     

下丘脑错构瘤的临床分析及围手术期的护理

目的：报道6例下丘脑错构瘤的临床表现、治疗及护理。方法：分析6例下丘脑错构瘤的病史、临床表现、治疗及护理。结果：6例皆在儿童早期发病，均有性早熟，其中3例有痴笑样癫痫，其他可有癫痫大发作，行为异常或智力减退，6例手术治疗取得了较好疗效。病理可见神经元结构，电镜显示神经元内有分泌颗粒。结论：下丘脑错构瘤首选手术治疗，药物治疗对早期性早熟有效。     

下丘脑错构瘤的CT、MR检查

目的：探讨CT、MR诊断下丘脑神经元错构瘤的临床意义。方法：比较分析了9例经手术证实的下丘脑神经元错构瘤的影像学表现，同时复习了一些相关献。结果：病变均位于鞍上池及脚间池内，形态呈类圆形、受压类圆形、不规则形。病灶在CT图像上呈等密度或略低密度。MRT1WI表现为低或略低信号影；T2WI呈高或稍高信号影。增强检查病灶可无强化表现。病灶以宽基底及窄基底上附于第3脑室底部、灰结节和乳头体。结论：下丘脑错构瘤的诊断主要依据临床表现和影像学征象。在诊断时应与其他鞍区病变进行鉴别。     

Intracranial calcification in paediatric computed tomography

Summary An analysis of the computed tomograms of 18000 children examined consecutively form the basis of an assessment of the diagnostic significance of intracranial calcification. The low incidence of physiological calcification in the pineal and choroid of about 2% up to the age of 8 years, but increasing 5-fold by the age of 15 years, is confirmed. Pathological calcification occurred in 1.6%, the commonest causes being neoplasms (43%), neuroectodermal syndromes (20%) and infections (12%). Diffuse basal ganglia calcification (15%) bore little relation to the diverse clinical symptomatology, and routine biochemical studies showed a disorder of metabolism to be present in only 6 cases. Calcification has not been previously noted in acute haemorrhagic leukoencephalitis, Pertussis or Cocksackie encephalitis, infantile neuraxonal dystrophy, Marinesco-Sjögren syndrome or in the basal ganglia in neurofibromatosis.     

肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤误诊原因及对策

从１９８４年起共收治４９例肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤（错构瘤），其中１１例因Ｂ超为低回声或（和）ＣＴ为中高密度而误诊为肾癌。将１１例误诊者与典型错构瘤的脂肪成分与临床特点进行分析比较。结果：前者脂肪密度仅占２１．１±１．４％，而后者为６７．１±１８．９％。提出避免误诊的几点经验，确难鉴别者应考虑动脉造影或术中冰冻活检以指导治疗。     

小儿下丘脑错构瘤的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨小儿下丘脑错构瘤的诊断和显微外科手术治疗.方法 回顾分析1998年1月至2006年12月收治的5例下丘脑错构瘤,男2例,女3例,平均年龄44.4个月.2例主要表现性早熟,1例主要表现为痴笑样癫痫,2例表现为性早熟和痴笑样癫痫,MRI表现为脚问池和鞍上池等信号肿物,无强化,最大直径大小为13.9～21.0 mm.5例患儿均采用右翼点入路显微手术切除错构瘤.结果 5例下丘脑错构瘤均获全切除,病理证实为下丘脑错构瘤,术后患儿性早熟均停止,复查性激素均下降至儿童期水平;2例癫痫症状消失,1例癫痫症状明显减轻,无其他术后并发症.结论 小儿下丘脑错构瘤的症状明显,影像特殊,诊断明确;首选为显微手术切除错构瘤,全切后可治愈.