奥沙利铂对不同p53状态肝癌细胞中DNA损伤修复基因GADD45β的诱导差异及调控机制

目的 探索奥沙利铂对不同p53状态肝癌细胞的DNA损伤修复基因(GADD45β)诱导差异及可能调控机制.方法 转染p53全序列建立Hep3B+p53.体外合成GADD45β近端启动子序列群(-618至-314),构建荧光素表达质粒,转染肝癌细胞株HepG2、Hep3B和Hep3B+p53.以实时荧光定量PCR比较奥沙利铂对GADD45β表达诱导及其近端启动子活性影响差异;比较对DNA合成和细胞克隆形成能力抑制差异;通过Caspase-3的表达变化测定凋亡的发生和发展.结果 奥沙利铂对Hep3B中GADD45β诱导并不明显.转染p53全基因序列后,Hep3B+p53对奥沙利铂的敏感性明显增加,并呈现出剂量-效应的正相关关系.荧光素分析提示奥沙利铂作用Hep3B+p53后的启动子NF-κB(-618/+6)和E2F-1(-470/+6)活性较Hep3B明显增强约1.5倍和0.8倍.奥沙利铂能够更加明显地抑制Hep3B+p53的DNA合成能力和细胞克隆形成能力,100 μmol/L奥沙利铂作用后Hep3B+p53DNA合成率为30.41％,对细胞克隆形成能力的抑制率则达到75.60％,与Hep3B相比差异显著.奥沙利铂作用后Hep3B+p53的Caspase-3能够迅速地启动凋亡的发生和发展.结论 p53对铂类化疗药物对肝癌细胞的GADD45β诱导具有重要作用,增强转录调节因子的表达水平是其可能的作用机制.     

Hepatic CCR7lowCD62LlowCD45RClow allograft dendritic cells migrate to the splenic red pulp in immunologically unresponsive rats

Donor dendritic cells (DC) migrate into the recipient spleen after hepatic transplantation. Immunological unresponsiveness to rat hepatic allografts can be induced by prior donor-specific blood transfusion (DST). We investigated homing receptor phenotype and splenic distribution of donor DC after allografting and DST. Immunostaining revealed OX62+ cells in the splenic red pulp of animals receiving pre-transplant DST but only in the white pulp of untreated animals. Most OX62 cells were positive for OX76. There were two subsets of DC in the spleen, CD45RChighOX62+ and CD45RClowOX62+ cells. RT-PCR revealed that CD45RClowOX62+ cells expressed interleukin (IL)-10, while CD45RChighOX62+ cells expressed IL-2 and low levels of IL-10 mRNA. CD45RChighOX62+ cells strongly expressed CCR5 and CCR7, compared with weak expression in CD45RClowOX62+ cells. The Epstein-Barr virus-induced molecule 1 (EBI-1) ligand chemokine (ELC/MIP3beta) was expressed mainly within the splenic white pulp. Mucosal vascular addressin-cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) was expressed in the marginal zone and white pulp, but expression of splenic MAdCAM-1 was down-regulated in DST-treated animals. L-selectin (CD62L), the ligand for MAdCAM-1, was strongly expressed on CD45RChighOX62+ cells but not on CD45RClowOX62+ cells. In conclusion, differential splenic migration of CCR5lowCCR7lowCD62Llow CD45RClow DC expressing Th2-type cytokines is associated with immunological unresponsiveness to rat hepatic allografts.     

Repeated 0.5-Gy γ-ray irradiation attenuates autoimmune manifestations in MRL-lpr/lpr mice

Purpose: MRL-lpr/lpr mice, a model for various autoimmune diseases, were repeatedly irradiated with 0.5 Gy of γ-rays, and changes in their autoimmune manifestations were investigated.

Materials and methods: MRL-lpr/lpr mice at 13 weeks of age were maintained in plastic cages and exposed whole-body to 0.5 Gy γ-ray irradiation from a ¹³⁷Cs source 5 times per week for 4 weeks, from the time they were 13 weeks old until they reached 17 weeks old. Changes of autoimmune manifestations were examined 3 weeks later at the 20th week.

Results: Splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and proteinuria in MRL-lpr/lpr mice were clearly ameliorated by a total dose of 10 Gy (0.5 Gy/day×5 days/week for 4 weeks). Histologically severe disease-specific damage to the kidney and the salivary gland, i.e., glomerulonephritis and sialoadenitis, was also improved after irradiation. CD3⁺ CD4^? CD8^? CD45R/B220⁺ T cell numbers, which proliferate abnormally in MRL-lpr/lpr mice, were significantly decreased by the irradiation, possibly through induction of apoptosis. The elevated NO₂^? and NO₃^? (NO_x^?) production by macrophages of MRL-lpr/lpr mice was lowered by the irradiation. The irradiation also prolonged the life span of MRL-lpr/lpr mice. These phenomena may contribute to the amelioration of autoimmune manifestations in MRL-lpr/lpr mice exposed to repeated small-doses of γ-rays.

Conclusions: Repeated small-dose γ-ray exposure ameliorates the autoimmune manifestations in MRL-lpr/lpr model mice.     

Malignant transformation of renal angiomyolipoma

In the present paper, two cases of malignant transformation of renal angiomyolipoma without tuberous sclerosis are reported. Pathological examination revealed that, in both cases, in addition to the areas affected by typical angiomyolipoma, there were areas that contained elevated numbers of perivascular epithelioid cells with prominent nuclear pleomorphism. Immunohistochemical examination revealed that both cases were negative for keratin and epithelial membrane antigen, but were positive for the melanogenesis-related marker HMB-45. Metastatic diseases appeared 40 months after radical nephrectomy in the first case and 18 months in the second case.     

S腺苷蛋氨酸对肝癌细胞中GADD45β基因的表达诱导及其机制研究

目的 初步明确肝癌细胞中特异性表达缺失的GADD45β基因近端启动子活性调控中心,并探讨S腺苷蛋氨酸对肝癌细胞HepG2中GADD45β表达的影响及可能机制.方法 以30～50个碱基的间隔,于体外人工合成GADD45β近端启动子序列(-618～-520),分别插入pGL3 basic荧光素表达质粒的荧光基因上游,以电穿孔法转染HepG2,根据启动子活性强度结合TRANSFAC数据库,分析可能存在的转录调节因子结合位点;实时荧光定量PCR比较S腺苷蛋氨酸作用前后HepG2细胞GADD45β表达,并在此基础上进一步比较S腺苷蛋氨酸对GADD45β启动子活性的诱导作用,探讨其可能作用机制,并为GADD45β近端启动子研究提供功能性证据.结果 GADD45β近端启动子中含有3个NF-kB转录调节因子与启动子结合位点(-602/-593、-581/-572、-537/-528);S腺苷蛋氨酸能明显诱导HepG2中GADD45β的表达,并呈现出剂量一效应的正相关关系,同时其能相应明显诱导NF-kB的启动子活性.结论 S腺苷蛋氨酸能明显诱导肝癌细胞中特异性缺失的GADD45β基因表达,增强转录调节因子NF-kB的活性水平是其可能的作用机制,该研究为S腺苷蛋氨酸的肝脏保护作用提供了新的实验依据.     

Hepatic angiomyolipoma: A retrospective study of 25 cases

PURPOSE: We report our experience of diagnosing and treating hepatic angiomyolipoma (HAML), a rare benign mesenchymal tumor. METHODS: We analyzed retrospectively the clinicopathologic, radiological, and operative data of 25 patients who underwent surgery for HAML at our institute between November 2001 and May 2006. RESULTS: Most patients (20/25) were asymptomatic and had normal liver function. Ultrasonography (US) showed a heterogeneous hyperechoic mass in 13 of 23 patients, precontrast computed tomography (CT) showed that all of 12 lesions scanned were hypodense, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed hypointensity on T1-weighted images and hyperintensity on T2-weighted images in most (5/6) lesions. Marked enhancement in the arterial phase was seen in 10 of 12 lesions on CT scans and in 6 of 6 lesions on MRI scans. All tumors were composed of varying proportions of smooth muscle, adipose tissue, and blood vessels, and showed positive immunohistochemical staining for HMB-45. All patients underwent partial hepatectomy and there was no evidence of recurrence after a median follow-up of 43 months. CONCLUSION: The radiological features of HAML vary according to its histological components. The definitive diagnosis of HAML is challenging and depends on the presence of HMB-45-positive myoid cells. Hepatic angiomyolipoma is treated effectively with surgery and the prognosis is good.     

羟基脲对肝癌细胞HepG2中GADD45β表达影响及其可能机制

目的 初步明确肝癌细胞中GADD45β基因近端启动子序列,探索羟基脲对人肝癌细胞HepG2的GADD45β表达影响及可能机制.方法 体外合成GADD45β近端启动子序列群(-618～-314),构建荧光素表达质粒,转染肝癌细胞株HepG2,根据启动子活性强度结合数据库分析存在的转录调节因子结合位点;以实时荧光定量PCR比较羟基脲作用前后HepG2细胞GADD45β表达,并进一步比较羟基脲对GADD45β启动子活性的调控作用、分析羟基脲对HepG2的抑制效应,并通过Caspase-8、Caspase-9和Caspase-3的表达变化测定凋亡的发生和发展.结果 GADD4518近端启动子中含有3个NF-кB(-602/-593、-581/-572、-537/-528)和1个E2F-1(-470/-436)转录调节因子与启动子结合位点;羟基脲能明显诱导HepG2中GADD45β的表达,并呈现出剂量-效应的正相关关系,同时NF-кB和E2F-1启动子均明显增强.羟基脲能够明显抑制HepG2的DNA合成能力和细胞克隆形成能力,同时羟基脲能迅速启动HepG2凋亡的发生和发展.结论 羟基脲能明显诱导肝癌细胞中特异性缺失的GADD45β基因表达,增强转录调节因子的表达水平是其可能的作用机制.     

miR-875-5p通过靶向USF2抑制胃癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭

目的:探讨miR-875-5p对胃癌细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响及其机制。方法:采用qPCR法检测胃癌细胞BGC-823、HGC-27、MGC-803、SGC-7901、AGS、MKN-45和胃黏膜上皮细胞GES-1中miR-875-5p的表达水平。利用脂质体转染技术,分别将miR-875-5p模拟物/抑制剂(mimic/inhibitor)及其阴性对照质粒(miR-NC/Anti-miR-NC)转染至AGS细胞/MKN-45细胞,构建过表达/抑制miR-875-5p的细胞模型,空白对照组(Control组)不转染。通过CCK-8、克隆形成、Transwell等实验分别检测miR-875-5p表达变化对细胞增殖、克隆形成、迁移和侵袭的影响。采用双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-875-5p与上游刺激因子2(USF2)的靶向关系,WB实验验证miR-875-5p对USF2的调控作用并检测USF2蛋白的表达。构建MKN-45细胞裸鼠移植瘤模型,验证miR-875-5p过表达对MKN-45细胞成瘤能力的影响。结果:miR-875-5p在6种胃癌细胞中表达水平显著低于胃黏膜上皮细胞GES-1(均P<0.01)。与Control组和miR-NC组相比,miR-875-5p mimic组AGS细胞的增殖、克隆形成率、迁移和侵袭细胞数,以及USF2蛋白的表达均显著降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);miR-875-5p inhibitor组MKN-45细胞的增殖、克隆形成率、迁移和侵袭细胞数,以及USF2蛋白的表达均显著提高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。双荧光素酶报告基因实验证明,miR-875-5p能够直接靶向USF2基因。体内成瘤实验结果表明,过表达miR-875-5p显著抑制MKN-45细胞移植瘤的生长(均P<0.01)。结论:miR-875-5p通过靶向USF2抑制胃癌细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭。     

快速退变性视网膜组织内CD45分子的动态表达特点

目的探讨不同时期正常和变性视网膜内CD45动态表达特点。方法分别取生后（postnatal，PN）0、1、2、3、4周龄C57BL／6和rd小鼠各8只，处死后，立即摘出眼球，制备冰冻切片，进行免疫荧光染色，荧光显微镜观察摄片，图像分析软件进行半定量分析。结果C57BL／6小鼠PN旬周龄时视网膜下腔（subretinal space，SRS）内CIM5不表达，以后逐渐增加，PN-3、4周龄时趋于稳定；rd小鼠SRS内CD45表达强度从PN-O周龄开始增加，PN-2周龄达到高峰，以后开始减少，PN-4周龄不表达；rd小鼠PN-2周龄时SRS内CD45表达强度高于正常组，PN-3、4周龄低于正常组。C57BL／6小鼠PN-0周龄时内丛状层（inner plexiform layer，IPL）内CD45表达强度开始减少至PN-1周龄，PN-3周龄表达强度开始增高至PN-4周龄；rd小鼠PN-1周龄时IPL内CD45表达强度开始增加直至PN-4周龄；各周龄彪小鼠IPL内CD45表达强度均低于正常组。结论正常小鼠视网膜CD45的表达与发育过程有关。视网膜变性不同时期，小胶质细胞等抗原呈递细胞活化，从内层视网膜移行到SRS。