后腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术治疗肾肿瘤16例临床分析

目的：评价后腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术治疗肾肿瘤的疗效.方法回顾性分析我院2010年10月至2015年5月施行的16例后腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术的临床病例资料.其中男11例,女5例,年龄35~76岁,平均年龄52.5岁,左肾肿瘤9例,右肾肿瘤7例.16例肾肿瘤均行后腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术.结果16例手术均获成功,无中转开放.手术时间90~180 min,平均100 min;术中出血约30~200 ml,平均约50 ml;术后住院时间5~10 d,平均7 d;术后无明显并发症,术后随访6个月~5年,未见肾功能下降及肿瘤复发.结论后腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术创伤小、并发症少、住院时间短、治愈率高,是一种简单有效的微创治疗方法.     

Immediate Continence Rates in RALRP: A Comparison of Three Techniques

Methods:We retrospectively analyzed the patients who underwent RALRP for localized prostate cancer by a single surgeon in our clinic from January 1, 2009–February 1, 2016. Continence was defined as no leakage or use of a safety pad for minimal leakage. The main outcome measure was continence at postoperative week 1 and months 1, 6, and 12.Results:Between 2009 and 2016, 239 patients underwent RALRP for localized prostate disease. Seventy-four patients underwent a standard approach (group 1), 88 had posterior reconstruction (group 2), and 77 had posterior reconstruction with total anatomic restoration (group 3). After 1 week, 24.3% of the patients in group 1 (18/74), 31.8% in group 2 (28/88), and 45.8% in group 3 (33/72) were continent (P = .02). One month after the surgery, continence rates for groups 1, 2, and 3 were 56.7, 67, and 75%, respectively (0.065). After 6 and 12 months, continence rates for groups 1, 2, and 3 were 72.9 and 87.8%, 81.8 and 89.7%, and 84.7 and 91.6%, respectively (P = .178 and .7484).Conclusion:Anatomic restoration improves continence rates in the early period after RALRP. Even though other parameters were higher in the total restoration group, immediate continence (at 1 week) was significantly better.     

Patient‐Specific Orthopaedic Implants

Patient‐specific orthopaedic implants are emerging as a clinically promising treatment option for a growing number of conditions to better match an individual's anatomy. Patient‐specific implant (PSI) technology aims to reduce overall procedural costs, minimize surgical time, and maximize patient outcomes by achieving better biomechanical implant fit. With this commercially‐available technology, computed tomography or magnetic resonance images can be used in conjunction with specialized computer programs to create preoperative patient‐specific surgical plans and to develop custom cutting guides from 3‐D reconstructed images of patient anatomy. Surgeons can then place these temporary guides or “jigs” during the procedure, allowing them to better recreate the exact resections of the computer‐generated surgical plan. Over the past decade, patient‐specific implants have seen increased use in orthopaedics and they have been widely indicated in total knee arthroplasty, total hip arthroplasty, and corrective osteotomies. Patient‐specific implants have also been explored for use in total shoulder arthroplasty and spinal surgery. Despite their increasing popularity, significant support for PSI use in orthopaedics has been lacking in the literature and it is currently uncertain whether the theoretical biomechanical advantages of patient‐specific orthopaedic implants carry true advantages in surgical outcomes when compared to standard procedures. The purpose of this review was to assess the current status of patient‐specific orthopaedic implants, to explore their future direction, and to summarize any comparative published studies that measure definitive surgical characteristics of patient‐specific orthopaedic implant use such as patient outcomes, biomechanical implant alignment, surgical cost, patient blood loss, or patient recovery.     

Is there an Upgrading to Malignancy at Surgery of Mucocele‐Like Lesions Diagnosed on Percutaneous Breast Biopsy?

Management of pure mucocele‐like lesion (MLL) diagnosed on percutaneous breast biopsy (PBB) is controversial. To assess surgical upgrade rate and clinical outcome of pure MLL obtained as sole diagnosis on PBB. Patients diagnosed with a MLL as the most advanced lesion on PBB from April 1997 to December 2010 were reviewed for radiologic presentation, biopsy technique, and pathologic and clinical outcomes. Of the 21,340 image‐guided PBB performed during the study period, 50 women with 51 MLL (0.24%) were identified. Mean age was 53.1 ± 7.7 years. Radiologic findings were mostly microcalcifications (n = 47, 92.2%). Stereotactic PBB was performed for 49 lesions (96.1%). Surgery was performed shortly after biopsy in 35 women, with benign final pathology in 33, and upgrade to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in two patients (2/35, 5.7%). Mean follow‐up was 4.2 ± 2.5 years (3.7 ± 2.1 years for surgical patients; 5.9 ± 2.9 years for follow‐up only patients); three women were lost to follow‐up (3/50). Three invasive cancers (3/47, 6.4%) were diagnosed 1.2, 1.2, and 2.8 years after biopsy: two in surgical patients, and one in a follow‐up only patient. No cancer occurred at the same site as the original MLL. Pure MLL lesion of the breast is a rare entity and is mostly associated with a benign outcome. We observed an upgrade to DCIS slightly superior to 5%, but no invasive cancer. It is therefore unclear if these lesions should be excised or clinically and radiologically followed up when such lesions are found at PBB.     

Endoscopically Assisted Transumbilical Single-Incision Laparoscopic Gastric Resection for GIST Treatment

Purpose: Complete surgical resection with negative margins without lymphadenectomy is the treatment of choice for nonmetastatic Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GISTs). Laparoscopic resection of gastric GISTs <5 cm is an acceptable and oncologically feasible, safe, and effective treatment. We present our experience of an endoscopically assisted minimally invasive transumbilical single-incision laparoscopic (SILS) technique for gastric GISTs resection. Methods: Four patients with small gastric GISTs ≤5 cm located on the greater curvature or the anterior wall were resected with SILS by using a lesion-lifting technique under the guidance of flexible gastroscopy. Results: The technique was feasible and safe and offered significant advantages in locating the tumor and controlling the resection margins. There were no major intraoperative or postoperative complications, conversions, or tumor ruptures. Pathology showed low-risk GISTs resected with disease-free margins without tumor rupture. No recurrences have been observed. Conclusion: The endoscopically assisted SILS wedge gastrectomy is a feasible, safe, and advantageous technique for the treatment of the greater curvature or anterior wall gastric GISTs.