消化道肿瘤患者手术前后肠道通透性检测的临床意义

目的了解消化道肿瘤患者手术治疗前后肠道通透性的改变,探讨肠黏膜屏障功能是否受腹部手术的影响。方法选择手术治疗消化道肿瘤患者16例,在术前、术后1周口服乳果糖、甘露醇液后采集6小时尿样,尿样和乳果糖、甘露醇的标准样经肟化处理后通过气相色谱分析仪糖分子探针法进行检测分析其含量及比值。结果甘露醇峰、乳果糖峰出峰时间稳定,峰面积随含量增加而增加,并且呈线性相关;消化道肿瘤手术前后尿样中的乳果糖含量和乳果糖/甘露醇有显著性差异,乳果糖含量增高,而甘露醇含量手术前后无显著性差异。结论消化道肿瘤手术会导致肠黏膜通透性增加,出现肠黏膜屏障功能损害。     

心脑肾康对脑缺血的干预作用及机制探讨

目的探讨心脑肾康对大鼠局灶性脑缺血-再灌注损伤的干预作用及可能机制。方法用线栓阻断大鼠大脑中动脉,制作局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型(MCAO模型),缺血1.5h再灌24h后腹主动脉采血,测定血小板聚集率;断头取脑,检测大脑皮层多项生化指标。结果心脑肾康口服能使脑缺血大鼠的神经行为明显改善,脑梗死面积降低;与模型组相比,高、中、低3个剂量组均能降低缺血后脑组织匀浆中的丙二醛(MDA)、乳酸(LA)、活性氧(ROS)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)含量,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、ATPase活性(P<0.05),并具明显的抑制血小板聚集作用。结论心脑肾康对大鼠局灶性脑缺血有明显保护作用。     

Antimicrobial peptides play a functional role in bumblebee anti-trypanosome defense

Bumblebees, amongst the most important of pollinators, are under enormous population pressures. One of these is disease. The bumblebee and its gut trypanosome Crithidia bombi are one of the fundamental models of ecological immunology. Although there is previous evidence of increased immune gene expression upon Crithidia infection, recent work has focussed on the bumblebee’s gut microbiota. Here, by knocking down gene expression using RNAi, we show for the first time that antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have a functional role in anti-Crithidia defense.     

Comparative effect of ochratoxin A on inflammation and oxidative stress parameters in gut and kidney of piglets

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a secondary metabolite produced by fungi of Aspergillus and Penicillium genra. OTA is mainly nephrotoxic but can also cause hepatotoxicity, mutagenicity, teratogenicity, neurotoxicity and immunotoxicity. As recent studies have highlighted the close relationship between gastrointestinal tract and kidney, as principal organs involved in absorption and respective excretion of xenobiotics, the aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of a subchronic exposure (30 days) to 0.05 mg/kg OTA on immune response and oxidative stress parameters at the level of intestine and kidney of young swine. The experiment was realised on twelve crossbred weaned piglets randomly allotted to both control group or toxin group fed 0.050 mg OTA/kg feed. Our results have shown that a subchronic intoxication with a low dose of OTA for 30 days affected the immune response and the anti-oxidant self-defense at gut and kidney level. The gene expression of both markers of signaling pathways involved in inflammation and inflammatory cytokines were affected in a much higher extent in the gut than in the kidney Of OTA intoxicated piglets.     

Loss of orally administered drugs in GI tract

The aim of this review is to provide a broad perspective on intestinal absorption and the impact of intestinal first-pass metabolism on both clearance and drug–drug interaction prediction along with its historical perspectives. The review also considers abilities to bridge the gap between the increasing amount of intestinal in vitro data and the importance of intestinal first-pass metabolism in vivo. The significance of efflux transporters on the intestinal absorption is also discussed.     

Gut microbiota after Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy in a diabetic rat model: Increased diversity and associations of discriminant genera with metabolic changes

Recent work with gut microbiota after bariatric surgery is limited, and the results have not been in agreement. Given the role of the gut microbiota in regulating host metabolism, we explored the effect of Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on the modifications of gut microbiota with regard to the potential influence of food intake and/or weight loss and examined their links with host metabolism. Zucker diabetic fatty rats were divided into the following groups: RYGB; sham‐operated with pair‐fed as RYGB; sham‐operated fed ad libitum ; and SG. The metabolic effects and gut microbiota profile were analyzed 10 weeks postoperatively. Associations between discriminating genera and metabolic markers after RYGB were explored. The 2 procedures induced similar glucose improvement and increased flora diversity after 10 weeks compared with sham‐operated groups. RYGB induced a marked higher relative abundance of Proteobacteria/Gammaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria and increased emergence of Fusobacteria and Clostridium, whereas SG resulted in more abundant Actinobacteria compared with other groups. Most of the 12 discriminant genera correlated with changes in metabolic phenotype, but only 28.6% of these correlations were independent of weight, and 4 discriminant genera still negatively correlated with serum insulin level independent of food intake and weight loss after RYGB. These data demonstrate that RYGB and SG surgery produced similar diversity but different microbiota compositions changes in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. These findings stimulate deeper explorations of functions of the discriminate microbiota and the mechanisms linking postsurgical modulation of gut microbiota and improvements in insulin resistance.