The keystone flap and its simplified version for malignant skin tumor defects of the lower limbs: A review of 25 cases

BackgroundSkin tumors commonly occur on the legs and are treated in first line by surgery. Several techniques are available to repair lower limb defects: secondary-intention healing, partial closure, primary closure with or without an s-plasty, or a skin graft. The lack of tissue laxity of the surrounding skin does not allow several local flaps (advancement, rotation, or transposition). Closing large skin defects at this site may be challenging.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed a series of consecutive patients undergoing malignant tumor wide excision on lower limbs, with a keystone flap or its simplified technique (releasing incision) for closure of a skin defect.ResultsTwenty-five patients, 17 women and 8 men, ranging from 19 to 95 years old (mean age: 70 years) were included. Keystone flap reconstruction on the lower limbs was performed in 19 cases and the simplified technique in 6. The excised tumors were as follows: squamous cell carcinoma (n = 6), basal cell carcinoma (n = 9), melanoma (n = 9) and Bowen's disease (n = 1). Three local complications were observed. No cases of recurrence were observed.ConclusionKeystone flap is a reliable surgical method for reconstruction of lower limb skin defects. Aesthetic results are better than when a skin graft is used, complications are uncommon, and prolonged operative time is avoided.     

免缝胶原海绵人工硬脑膜在颅脑损伤 大骨瓣减压术中的应用

目的 探讨免缝胶原海绵人工硬脑膜在颅脑损伤大骨瓣减压术中的应用效果。方法 2012年1月至2015年12月收治颅脑损伤108例,采用免缝胶原海绵人工硬脑膜修补54例（观察组）,采用可缝合人工硬脑膜补片修补54例（对照组）。术后3~6个月常规行颅骨修补术。结果 观察组硬脑膜修补时间明显缩短（P <0.05）,两组术后并发症发生率、术后6个月GOS评分均无显著差异（P>0.05）。观察组修补硬脑膜至颅骨修补术时间间隔、修补术时间、修补术中出血量、脑膜破裂率均明显低于对照组（P <0.05）。结论 免缝胶原海绵人工硬脑膜在颅脑损伤中能够发挥减压作用,保护脑功能,手术时间短,与严密缝合的人工硬脑膜修补术效果相当,并且更有利于二期颅骨修补术的开展。     

自体肋软骨支架复合乳突区皮肤扩张再造耳郭46例

背景：耳郭支架再造可供选择的材料较多,总体分为人工合成材料及自体组织两种,但各有利弊。 目的：回顾性分析自体肋软骨支架并乳突区皮肤扩张耳郭重建后的临床效果及并发症发生情况。 方法：选择淮安市第一人民医院烧伤整形科进行人工耳郭再造的患者46例,入院后行乳突区皮肤扩张,采用自体肋软骨支架耳郭再造,乳突区皮瓣转移覆盖的方法进行耳郭再造,观察再造效果及再造后并发症发生情况。 结果与结论：46例患者均获得满意耳郭再造效果,耳郭形态逼真,耳颅角清晰。患者治疗后3个月,再造侧耳颅角、耳郭长度及耳郭高度同健侧比较,差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。患者治疗后3个月及1年再造耳耳颅角、耳郭长度及耳郭高度比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。提示乳突区皮肤扩张肋软骨支架耳郭再造安全性高,能够取得较好的再造效果。     

早期微创穿刺与小骨窗开颅血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血的疗效分析

【摘要】〓目的〓比较早期微创穿刺引流术与小骨窗血肿清除术治疗基底节区高血压脑出血的临床疗效。方法〓回顾性分析98例高血压性基底节区脑出血患者临床资料,根据资料,按不同的手术方法分为微创穿刺引流术(微创组,n=63例)和小骨窗开颅血肿清除术(小骨窗组,n=35例),评价两组患者手术和住院时间、意识障碍恢复时间、治疗1个月时神经功能缺损程度(NID)和3个月时日常生活活动能力(ADL)。结果〓微创组手术时间和住院天数显著短于小骨窗组,意识恢复时间无显著性差异;而1个月后微创组患者的NID明显低于小骨窗组(P<0.05);治疗3个月后随访,患者ADL达自理水平的较好状态者(Barthel指数≥80),两组有显著性差异(P<0.05),微创组优于小骨窗组。结论〓与小骨窗组相比,微创穿刺术可明显缩短高血压基底节区脑出血患者的手术时间和住院时间,,改善神经功能缺失程度。     

Two-stage treatment with sliding fibular flap technique for chronic infected nonunion of the tibia

Purpose: To assess the effectiveness of two-stage treatment with the fibular sliding technique in chronic infected nonunion of the tibia. Methods: The study included patients who were diagnosed with long-term chronic infected tibial nonunion following trauma and treated with the two-stage technique between January 2010 and November 2017. Patients with (1) intra-articular fractures of the distal third of the tibia and fibula, (2) pathological fracture resulting in bone loss or (3) neurological and vascular pathologies of the limbs were excluded. The operation consisted of two stages and the main goal in the first stage was to control the infection and in the second stage to control the healing of the bone. Functional & radiographic results and complications were evaluated according to Paley''s criteria. Results: The patients comprised 14 males and 5 females with a mean age of 37.4 years (range, 21-52 years). Patients were followed up for an average of 27 months (range, 15-38 months). The microorganisms produced from these patients were Staphylococcus aureus in 13 patients, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 4 patients and no bacteria in 2 patients. After the first stage operation, superficial skin necrosis developed in 1 patient. In another patient, there was a persistent infection, although union was achieved. For the entire patient group, union was observed at the end of 7.44 months (range, 7-11 months). Based on Paley''s criteria, there were 16 (84.2%) patients with excellent scores, 2 (10.5%) good scores and 1 (5.3%) fair scores radiologically; while regarding the tibial function, 15 (78.9%) patients had excellent scores, 3 (15.8%) good scores, and 1 (5.3%) fair scores. No patients had poor radiological or functional score. Conclusion: Two-stage treatment can be considered as an alternative for fractures in regions that are susceptible to many and persistent complications, such as the tibia. This technique has the advantages of short operation time, minimal blood loss, no excessive tissue damage and not very technique-demanding (a short learning curve with no requirement for an experienced team).     

Effects of Tisseel and FloSeal on primary ischemic time in a rat fasciocutaneous free flap model

OBJECTIVES: Free flaps are the technique of choice for reconstruction of defects resulting from extirpation of tumors of the head and neck. Advances in microsurgical technique have resulted in success rates of greater than 95%. Numerous intraoperative factors, ranging from technical issues to topically applied agents, can complicate the outcome of microsurgical free tissue transfer. Synthetic tissue adhesives and hemostatic agents are playing an ever-increasing role in reconstructive surgery. The safety of these factors in free flap surgery has not been ascertained. STUDY DESIGN: Animal Care Committee live rat model. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: group I, Control; group 2, FloSeal; group 3, Tisseel. In each group, a 3 x 6 cm ventral fasciocutaneous groin flap based on the left superficial epigastric artery was elevated and the experimental material applied beneath the flap and around the flap pedicle prior to suturing of the flap back to the wound bed. The experimental materials consisted of 0.2 mL saline in the control group, 0.5 mL FloSeal, and 0.2 mL Tisseel. In phase I of this study, the effect of each treatment on flap survival was assessed by survival at postoperative day 4. In phase II of the study, the effects of these agents on ischemic tolerance was investigated. Five rats in each treatment group were exposed to ischemic times of 6, 8, 10, and 12 hours. Survival of the flap was assessed 7 days after reversal of the ischemia. Probit curves and the critical ischemic time (CIT50) were calculated. RESULTS: All flaps survived the 2-hour period of ischemia and were viable at postoperative day 4. Flap survival from group 1 (Control), group 2 (FloSeal), and group 3 (Tisseel) at the various ischemic times was as follows: at 6 hours, 80%, 80%, and 80%, respectively; at 8 hours, 80%, 80%, 60%; at 10 hours, 60%, 33%, 40%; at 12 hours, 20%, 20%, 0%. The CIT50 for the Control, FloSeal, and Tisseel groups was 9.4, 9.0, and 7.0 hours, respectively.CONCLUSIONS FloSeal, a thrombin-based hemostatic agent, and Tisseel, a fibrin glue, displayed no adverse effect on flap survival in this model.     

Evaluation of donor site function and morbidity of the fasciocutaneous radial forearm flap

OBJECTIVE: To assess the results of the use of the free radial forearm flap in terms of objective morbidity and subjective patient response. STUDY DESIGN: The donor sites were examined from 37 patients who underwent reconstruction with a free fasciocutaneous radial forearm flap in the head and neck after ablative tumor surgery. METHODS: Patients were asked to fill in a written questionnaire. The following additional tests were performed: resting skin temperature of digits I and V, temperature after submersion in iced water, grip and pinch tests, and goniometry. RESULTS: Resting skin temperature was slightly decreased for donor hands 0.69 degrees C (P < .001) and 0.31 degrees C (P = .048) for digits I and V, respectively, but recovery after submersion in iced water showed no differences. The strength tests and goniometry revealed no statistically significant findings between donor and control sides. On the questionnaire, 9 patients (24%) reported slightly impaired function, 14 (38%) could not wear their watch or bracelet, 17 (46%) reported numbness, 5 (14%) reported soreness, 5 (14%) reported itching, 6 (16%) reported cold intolerance, 5 (14%) reported bad cosmetic appearance, and 9 (24%) expressed the opinion that they were insufficiently counseled. CONCLUSION: There is a negligible objective morbidity of a free radial forearm flap harvest procedure, but a number of patients have subjective complaints when asked. Elaborate presurgical counseling can probably reduce these complaints.     

自体颅骨修补术后影响骨瓣吸收的危险因素分析

目的探讨影响自体颅骨修补术后骨吸收的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2001年1月至2012年12月期间经临沂市人民医院神经外科行自体颅骨修补的患者178例,含201块自体骨瓣,根据术后CT特点对骨吸收进行分级,探讨各危险因素与骨吸收分级之间的关系。结果骨吸收分级在性别、修补时间和骨瓣面积间的差异无意义(P0.05),患者平均年龄随骨吸收分级上升呈下降趋势,但骨吸收各分级间的平均年龄之间差异无意义(P0.05)。骨吸收分级与缺损位置有关(P0.05),重度骨吸收多发生于额颞部和颞部。伴有骨折的骨瓣重度骨吸收发生率高于骨瓣完整者(P0.05)。伴发脑积水并行脑室-腹腔分流术的患者与未行脑室-腹腔分流术的患者相比,前者术后骨瓣塌陷的发生率高于后者(P0.05)。结论自体颅骨修补术后骨吸收分级与患者性别、年龄、修补时间和骨瓣面积无关。骨吸收分级与缺损位置有关,重度骨吸收多发生于额颞部和颞部。伴有骨折的骨瓣重度骨吸收发生率高于骨瓣完整者。伴发脑积水并行脑室-腹腔分流术后容易发生骨瓣塌陷。     

游离中鼻甲粘膜瓣在经鼻蝶入路神经内镜手术切除垂体腺瘤后鞍底重建中的应用…

目的 探讨游离中鼻甲粘膜瓣在经鼻蝶入路神经内镜手术治疗垂体腺瘤鞍底重建中的方法及应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2017年6月至 2018年6月经鼻蝶入路神经内镜手术治疗的45例直径1~2.5 cm的垂体腺瘤的临床资料。经单鼻孔手术25例（单鼻孔组）,双鼻孔手术20例（双鼻孔组）。术中均采用游离中鼻甲粘膜瓣重建鞍底。结果 肿瘤均全切除。术后随访 6个月,两组均未出现脑脊液漏和颅内感染,均无鼻腔干燥、异味等鼻部并发症;单鼻孔组术后嗅觉障碍发生率（16.0%,4/25）明显低于双鼻孔组（90.00%,18/20;P<0.05）。结论 对于直径1~2.5 cm的垂体腺瘤,经鼻蝶入路神经内镜手术中鞍底缺损直径约2 cm,采用游离中鼻甲粘膜瓣进行鞍底重建,可有效预防脑脊液漏、颅内感染,单鼻孔组术后嗅觉障碍发生率较双鼻孔组低。     

游离腓骨瓣行颌骨修复重建后下肢功能评价及护理对策

目的评价游离腓骨瓣行上、下颌骨修复重建后患者下肢的功能,分析并提出相应的护理对策。方法41例游离腓骨瓣行上、下颌骨修复重建的患者．分别于手术前、术后2周、术后3个月、术后6个月进行客观测量和运用Enneking下肢功能量表行主观评价。结果41例患者术后2周下肢均有肿胀,术后3个月33例下肢有肿胀,术后6个月7例下肢有肿胀;术后6个月时患者踝关节内翻、外翻、跖屈受限,躅指肌力和蹰指抗阻力量基本恢复;主观评价方面,肢体疼痛、自我感受、行走能力和步态改变在术后6个月时基本恢复,支具使用术后3个月时恢复,总分和功能活动评分随时间变化而增高,但明显低于术前得分。结论游离腓骨瓣对患侧下肢功能手术后短期内存在影响,应加强对供区的术后康复训练。