Labial skin-flap vaginoplasty using tissue expanders

In severe vaginal malformations, when the distance between the upper vaginal pouch and perineum is too long (6 cm or more), reconstruction of the vagina can be performed by colonic interposition or by long cutaneous flaps obtained by the tissue expansion technique. Two female adolescents were treated using expanded labial skin flaps. Dissection and anastomosis between the vaginal remnant and cutaneous tube was performed by the transtrigonal approach. Results were satisfactory at 2.5-year follow-up. In our opinion, expanded labial skin-flap vaginoplasty has three main advantages: (1) it permits the construction of a large, soft, well-vascularized neovagina using non-hair-bearing labial skin; (2) it obviates postoperative dilations and prevents delayed strictures; and (3) a transtrigonal approach permits an easy vaginal dissection and a careful, tension-free anastomosis.     

大鼠喉同种异体移植术后组织学观察

为探讨大鼠同种异体喉移植免疫排斥反应发生的时间和发展过程，共实施大鼠喉移植术３１只。其中对照组（ｎ＝１３）：供、受体均为封闭群ＳＤ大鼠，属同系喉移植术。实验组（ｎ＝１８）：供体为封闭群ＳＤ大鼠，受体为Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠，属同种异体移植术。免疫排斥反应开始于术后第３天，表现为受体颈部皮肤肿胀，淋巴结肿大，７天后颈部皮肤硬肿显著，移植物组织水肿，逐渐被纤维结缔组织包裹。相应的组织学变化特点是：术后第３天变化与对照组基本相同，５天后实验组粘膜上皮逐渐出现鳞状上皮化生，固有层和粘膜下层腺体发生萎缩并消失，横纹肌变性坏死，上述各层组织出现进行性淋巴细胞、单核细胞和多形核白细胞浸润，血管纤维素样变性，管壁增厚，管内血栓形成，１４天后喉移植物的正常组织结构被纤维结缔组织和肉芽组织取代，最终出现完全性变性坏死。由此判断了同种异体喉移植免疫排斥反应发生的时间、顺序和程度，为免疫抑制剂的应用及功效评价提供了客观依据。     

软组织扩张术后皮肤组织形态计量学改变

本文对６例额部皮肤软组织扩张术后皮瓣和８例正常人额部皮肤组织进行形态计量学分析及超微结构观察，探讨软组织扩张后“额外”皮肤组织的来源及形态计量学指标的改变。结果表明，扩张后表皮层数、表皮细胞面积及表皮、真皮厚度的检测值均明显高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），而且真皮内血管数目增多。提示，软组织扩张后，表皮细胞增殖及真皮内胶原纤维合成增加是“额外”皮肤来源的形态学基础。     

大鼠异位心脏移植急性免疫排斥期中血管内皮生长因子表达变化研究

目的:观察血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)在大鼠心脏移植急性排斥期中的表达及意义。方法:实验分为对照组和环孢霉素A(C sA)组,每组32只。采用腹部心脏异位移植术式建立移植模型,于心脏移植手术后分别灌胃给予生理盐水或C sA干预。常规监测排斥反应发生情况。每组8只用于观察移植物存活时间,余24只移植术后1、3、5、7 d各切取6例移植心标本。样本采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)的方法检测移植心VEGF的DNA表达水平。结果:C sA组移植心存活时间15.4±5.1d,长于对照组7.6±1.5d,P<0.01;对照组各采样时段凋亡指数及VEGF的表达强度均强于C sA组,P<0.01。结论:VEGF高表达与移植心的炎性浸润及急性排斥反应密切相关,可能在同种移植免疫调节中起着重要的作用。     

造血干细胞移植后移植物抗宿主病中医辨证初探

目的:探索造血干细胞移植后移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)的中医辨证特点,以期为进一步研究本病治疗提供临床辨治依据.方法:对62例GVHD患者按急慢性分组共计85例次进行中医辨证观察.结果:急性移植物抗宿主病(aGVHD)50例次,湿热型占68%,半数有肝损害黄疸,血热阴虚型占32%,病情偏重者较多;慢性移植物抗宿主病(cGVHD)35例次,湿热型占25.7%,且多兼阴虚、血瘀,阴虚型占74.3%.结论:GVHD常见基本中医证型为湿热和阴虚型.aGVHD以湿热型多见,重症患者在血热阴虚型中易见;cGVHD则以阴虚型为主;随着病情加重和病程延长阴虚证型呈增多趋势.     

MECHANICAL WEARING DOWN OF FLEXOR TENDONS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS AS A RESULT OF EXTREME VOLAR-FLEXED INTERCALATED SEGMENT INSTABILITY

We report the case of a 72-year-old patient with rheumatoid arthritis complicated by spontaneous ruptures of the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus tendons of the left index finger. Extreme volar-flexed intercalated segment instability resulted in protrusion of the head of the capitate bone into the carpal tunnel and rupture of both tendons caused by wear. Reconstruction of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon, interposition of a tendon graft, and radiolunate arthrodesis restored function.     

Chest wall deformity after tissue expansion

There have been few reports about skeletal changes beneath a tissue expander in breast reconstruction. We present one, and surgeons should be cautious about the possibility of skeletal deformities in patients who are osteoporotic and postmenopausal who require prolonged tissue expansion.     

Tissue‐specific and time‐dependent clonal expansion of ENU‐induced mutant cells in gpt delta mice

DNA mutations play a crucial role in the origins of cancer, and the clonal expansion of mutant cells is one of the fundamental steps in multistage carcinogenesis. In this study, we correlated tumor incidence in B6C3F1 mice during the period after exposure to N ‐ ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea (ENU) with the persistence of ENU‐induced mutant clones in transgenic gpt delta B6C3F1 mice. The induced gpt mutations afforded no selective advantage in the mouse cells and could be distinguished by a mutational spectrum that is characteristic of ENU treatment. The gpt mutations were passengers of the mutant cell of origin and its daughter cells and thus could be used as neutral markers of clones that arose and persisted in the tissues. Female B6C3F1 mice exposed for 1 month to 200 ppm ENU in the drinking water developed early thymic lymphomas and late liver and lung tumors. To assay gpt mutations, we sampled the thymus, liver, lung, and small intestine of female gpt delta mice at 3 days, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks after the end of ENU exposure. Our results reveal that, in all four tissues, the ENU‐induced gpt mutations persisted for weeks after the end of mutagen exposure. Clonal expansion of mutant cells was observed in the thymus and small intestine, with the thymus showing larger clone sizes. These results indicate that the clearance of mutant cells and the potential for clonal expansion during normal tissue growth depends on tissue type and that these factors may affect the sensitivity of different tissues to carcinogenesis. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 58:592–606, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.