经皮肾微创穿刺造瘘治疗输尿管上段结石

目的　探讨经皮肾微创穿刺取石术治疗输尿管上段结石的方法和疗效。方法　回顾性分析 12 6例采用经皮肾微创穿刺治疗输尿管上段结石的临床资料。采用B超引导经皮肾穿刺建立 16～ 18F大小皮肾通道 ,使用 8 9.8F输尿管肾镜 ,结合电子弹道碎石、MCC电脑灌注泵进行手术。结果　 12 6例均Ⅰ期取石术 ,结石取净率 10 0 % ,手术时间 2 5～ 75min ,平均 5 0min ,手术后住院时间平均 5 .5d。并发输尿管梗阻 3例。结论　经皮肾微创穿刺取石术治疗输尿管上段结石疗效确切 ,具有创伤小、康复快的优点 ,单用B超引导建立皮肾通道即可 ,值得推广应用     

Nephrolithiasis associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: contemporary urological management

PURPOSE: We evaluate the role of contemporary urological intervention in patients with nephrolithiasis associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Intervention for upper tract stones associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease was performed in 5 women and 2 men 29 to 65 years old (mean age 47). Indications for intervention consisted of flank pain in 6 patients and/or hematuria in 2. A total of 12 procedures (mean 1.7 per patient) were performed, including shock wave lithotripsy in 6 patients, percutaneous nephrolithotomy in 2, retrograde endoscopy or manipulation in 3 and extended pyelonephrolithotomy in 1. RESULTS: All patients were rendered stone-free or had only residual "dust." Hospital stay for 5 patients was 1 night or less and there were no complications. Renal function for each patient was stable or improved as measured by serum creatinine. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease who require intervention for nephrolithiasis can be safely and effectively treated with essentially any or all contemporary, minimally invasive techniques. The choice of intervention can be based primarily on size and location of the upper tract stones rather than the associated presence of polycystic kidneys.     

Variation in clinical outcome following shock wave lithotripsy

PURPOSE: We measure and compare operator specific success rates of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) performed by 12 urologists in 1 unit to determine interoperator variation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 1, 1994 to September 1, 1997 a total of 5,769 renal and ureteral stones received 9,607 ESWL treatments by 15 urologists with a Dornier MFL 5000 lithotriptor. The 3-month followup data are available for 4,409 stones. Outcome measures consisted of patient demographics, stone characteristics, technical details of lithotripsy, and stone-free and success rates by treating urologists. RESULTS: Treatment results were analyzed for 12 urologists (surgeons A to L) who treated more than 100 stones each, totaling 4,244 with followup information available. Mean stone-free and success rates were 50.6% and 72.3%, respectively. Surgeon A had significantly higher stone-free and success rates of 56.2% and 76.7%, respectively (p<0.05), with treatment results from 877 stones, which was a significantly higher number than others (p<0.05). Significant differences existed in mean number of shocks delivered among urologists (p = 0.0001), with surgeons A and J delivering the highest mean numbers (2,317 and 2,801, respectively). There was no difference in treatment duration (p = 0.75) but variation existed among urologists in terms of mean maximum treatment voltage (p = 0.0001). Mean fluoroscopy time at 4.1 minutes was higher for surgeon A than others (p<0.05). Mean complication rate following ESWL was 4.9% with no difference among urologists (p = 0.175). Re-treatment was required in 21.7% of cases and surgeon A had the lowest rate (15.9%, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated clinically and statistically significant intra-institutional differences in success rates following ESWL. The best results were obtained by the urologist who treated the greatest number of patients, used a high number of shocks and had the longest fluoroscopy time. Accurate targeting is crucial when using a lithotriptor, such as the Dornier MFL 5000, with a narrow focal zone of 6.5 mm. in diameter. Other centers should be encouraged to develop similar programs of outcome analysis in an attempt to improve performance.     

Metabolic risk factors in patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction and renal calculi

PURPOSE: We performed a prospective study to determine the incidence and spectrum of metabolic abnormalities predisposing to stone formation in patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction and renal calculi. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 47 consecutive patients with congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction underwent metabolic evaluation of stone risk factors. Of these patients 21 had associated stones (study group), while 26 did not (control group). Logistical regression, Wilcoxon rank sum and Fisher's exact tests were performed to determine whether there was a significant difference between these groups in regard to the presence of metabolic risk factors. RESULTS: Demographically and symptomatically the 2 groups were equivalent except that the study patients were older. The 24-hour urinary excretion of calcium was significantly higher in study than in the control patients (p = 0.007). While the incidence of hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria was also higher in the study population, these differences were not significant (p = 0.08 and 0.07, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Metabolic abnormalities predisposing to stone formation are present more frequently in patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction who have associated stones compared to those who do not. As such, urinary stasis alone does not explain stone formation in these cases. Rather, the local physiological environment of urine likely has a predisposing role. In addition to restoring unobstructed urinary flow, consideration should be given to metabolic evaluation and prophylactic treatment for affected patients.     

输尿管镜下钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管结石156例

目的:探讨钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管结石的有效性和安全性.方法:应用硬性输尿管镜和钬激光对156例输尿管结石患者碎石治疗.其中输尿管上段结石36例,中、下段120例.结石大小(3～15)×(5～35)mm.结果:一次操作成功142例(91%),其中127例(81.4%)2～6周内结石全部排净.发生并发症7例,结石移位8例.结论:输尿管镜下钬激光碎石术治疗输尿管结石安全、疗效好、创伤轻微.     

输尿管镜气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石(附200例报告)

目的总结输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术（URSL）治疗输尿管结石的疗效。方法回顾性分析200例采用输尿管镜气压弹道碎石治疗输尿管结石患者的资料。结果碎石成功率为96％（192／200），其中一次性碎石成功率为90．5％（181／200），4～7W内结石全部排尽。8例失败者中5例合并输尿管狭窄，其中2例因操作困难，视野不清直接改开放手术，3例碎石成功，因术后放置双J管失败改开放手术；结石移位造成手术失败3例，其中1例改开放手术，2例结石移位入肾孟，留置双J管后行ESWL治疗；74例（37％）术后有肉眼或镜下血尿，多于1～2d内消失，200例均无穿孔、感染等并发症。结论输尿管镜气压弹道碎石术（URSL）治疗输尿管结石疗效确切、安全、组织损伤小、清除彻底、并发症少，可作为输尿管中段和下段结石的首选治疗方法。     

通淋活血法治疗输尿管结石临床疗效观察

泌尿系统结石属临床常见病、多发病,患病率约1%~5%,治疗后易复发[1]。我们自拟通淋活血汤Correspondence to:A-KANG GE.E-mail:xinhuayiyuan@126.com治疗输尿管结石,临床疗效明显,兹报道如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料2003年6月~2005年6月,选择来我院中医科门诊治疗,且中医辨证属下焦湿热、下焦瘀滞的输尿管结石患者共60例(所有患者均经B型超声检查、X线摄片或静脉肾盂造影确诊为输尿管结石)。60例患者随机分为通淋活血汤治疗组和复方金钱草治疗组。通淋活血汤治疗组30例,其中男24例,女6例;年龄25~66岁,平均42.5岁,病程1周~16个月,平均7…     

痛风病的国内外认识及治疗进展与思考

痛风病是指与高尿酸血症、尿酸盐沉积密切相关的进展性代谢疾病,已成为我国第二大类代谢疾病。通过梳理和总结国内外痛风相关疾病的指南和专家共识以及中医对痛风病的认识,对痛风病的中西医认识进展进行综述。以及基于对痛风病的认识,总结中西医治疗痛风病的研究进展,以期为痛风病的诊疗及研究提供参考。     

痛风方剂颗粒质量标准研究

目的 建立痛风方剂颗粒的质量控制方法,确保制剂质量稳定可控、安全、有效.方法 对展开剂及展开条件进行筛选,采用薄层色谱法定性鉴别制剂中的防己、黄柏、当归;采用高效液相色谱法测定痛风方剂颗粒中粉防己碱的含量.结果 分别以正己烷-氯仿-甲醇(7.5∶4∶2)、正丁醇-冰醋酸-水(7∶1∶2)、石油醚-乙酸乙酯(4∶1)为展开制,可对痛风颗粒制剂中的防己、黄柏、当归进行定性鉴别.采用Kromasil C8柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)为分析柱,以含0.6%三乙胺的0.01 mol/L磷酸二氢钾缓冲液(用磷酸调pH至3.O)-甲醇-乙腈(50:20:30)为流动相.可对痛风颗粒制剂中的粉防己碱含量进行测定.粉防己碱的质量浓度线性范围为4.0-40.0 p.g/mL(r=0.999 8),平均回收率为99.41%,RSD=1.63%(n=9).结论 所建立的薄层色谱鉴别方法和高效液相色谱法专属性强、重复性好,可分别用于痛风颗粒制剂的质量控制.     

单味中药降尿酸作用机制概述※

降尿酸是治疗痛风和高尿酸血症的基本方法，目前降尿酸作用途径主要是通过抑制黄嘌呤氧化酶、腺苷脱氨酶等合成酶的活性，或（且）影响肾脏尿酸转运蛋白（OAT1、OAT3、URAT1、GLUT9）等的表达，进而降低尿酸的水平。由于中药治疗高尿酸血症及痛风的作用机制尚不明确，因此本文通过检索中国知网、维普、万方、pubMed、Embase等数据库，对相关文献进行筛选，总结了具有明确降尿酸作用机制的单味中药，并进行功效归类，有助于对其作用机制进一步研究，为防治痛风和高尿酸血症提供更可靠、更安全的中医治疗依据。