Left ventricular architecture after valve replacement due to critical aortic stenosis: an approach to dis-/qualify the myth of valve prosthesis–patient mismatch?

Objectives: Left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with critical aortic stenosis (AS) is an adaptive process that compensates for high intracavitary pressure and reduces systolic wall stress followed by an increase in myocardial masses. In the present prospective clinical trial, we investigated long-term compensatory changes in left ventricular geometry and function after aortic valve replacement using mechanical bileaflet prostheses with the main emphasis on the small-sized aortic annulus and valve prosthesis–patient mismatch. Methods: A total of 58 patients with critical AS were assigned to the following groups according to the predictive value of prosthetic valve area index (VAI): group EXMIS: 29 patients (VAI≤0.99), expected mismatch; group NOMIS: 29 patients (VAI≤0.99), no mismatch. At controls T₀ (before operation/operation (OP), T₁ and T₂ (4 and 20 months after OP) the left ventricular geometry was recorded by means of Imatron^® electron beam tomography and the transprosthetic velocities were measured by echocardiography. Results: Statistical analysis showed a consistent reduction in the absolute (P=0.04) and indexed (P=0.04) left ventricular myocardial mass for both cohorts; furthermore, there was a significant difference between EXMIS and NOMIS patients concerning the factors, time and mass reduction (P=0.005), because of distinct baselines. A logistic regression report revealed preoperative cardiac output, absolute left ventricular myocardial mass, perfusion, body surface area and the native valve orifice area as predicting coefficients and factors for a minimum mass reduction of 25%. We explain a mathematical formula that turned out to be the most sensitive for correctly classified factors. Conclusions: The left ventricular geometry and transprosthetic velocities resulted in the same postoperative recovery for both EXMIS and NOMIS patients. The presented data showed that valve prosthesis–patient mismatch had no influence in several stepwise logistic regression models. We conclude that modern mechanical bileaflet prostheses allow both acceptable hemodynamics and recovery of left ventricular hypertrophy, even in small aortic annuli.     

抑肽酶对瓣膜置换术患者心肌粘附分子表达及细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨抑肽酶对二尖瓣置换术患者围体外循环（CPB）期心肌细胞及心肌血管内皮细胞上细胞间粘附分子-1（ICAM-1）、血管细胞粘附分子-1（VCAM-1）表达及心肌细胞凋亡的影响。方法择期二尖瓣置换术患者30例,年龄24～59岁,体重46～73 kg,心功能分级Ⅱ级或Ⅲ级,随机分为2组（n=15）：对照组和抑肽酶组,抑肽酶组于CPB转机前,预充液中加入抑肽酶300万KIU,对照组则给予等容量生理盐水,分别于CPB前和CPB停止时取右心房心肌组织标本,采用免疫组织化学SP法染色,检测心肌细胞和心肌血管内皮细胞上ICAM-1、VCAM-1的表达,采用病理图像分析系统对ICAM-1、VCAM-1表达的灰度值作定量分析,采用TUNEL法检测凋亡心肌细胞。结果抑肽酶组CPB停止时ICAM-1、VCAM-1的表达低于对照组（P〈0.01）;2组CPB停止时心肌细胞凋亡指数较CPB前增高（P〈0.05）,抑肽酶组CPB停止时心肌细胞凋亡指数低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论预充液中加入抑肽酶300万KIU可抑制二尖瓣置换术患者CPB期间心肌细胞和心肌血管内皮细胞ICAM-1、VCAM-1的表达及心肌细胞的凋亡。     

影响全膝人工关节置换术后疗效的相关因素分析

目的分析后稳定型全膝人工关节置换（total knee replacement，TKR）术后疗效和并发症发生情况，探讨影响TKR术后疗效的相关因素。方法1998年1月～2004年8月，应用后稳定型膝关节假体对60例（74膝）骨性关节炎患者行TKR手术。以术后膝关节HSS（hospitl for special surgery）评分和各单项评分的改善率评定TKR术后疗效；比较有并发症和无并发症患者之间疗效优良率的差异；采用Pearson相关分析对TKR术后HSS评分与术前患者自身的有关因素进行相关性分析。结果60例患者获随访24～94个月，平均42．5个月。术后膝关节HSS评分、疼痛、功能、关节活动度、肌力、屈曲畸形及稳定性评分分别为84．2±14．2、25．7±6．9、17．9±4．3、13．1±2．0、9．2±0．8、8．1±0．4和9．3±0．1，较术前均有不同程度改善，尤以疼痛缓解最为明显，且差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。疗效评定优良率为90．5％。10膝发生局部并发症，其中腓总神经损伤1膝，伤口愈合不良2膝，伤口感染、关节内感染及关节僵硬各1膝，症状性下肢深静脉血栓形成2膝，髌-股关节并发症2膝。有并发症患者膝关节优良率（60．0％）明显低于无并发症患者（95．3％），且差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。相关分析显示TKR术后HSS评分与膝关节术前HSS评分、疼痛和功能评分呈正相关，相关系数分别为0．523、0．431和0．418（P〈0．01）；而与患者术前关节活动度、肌力、屈曲畸形、稳定性、年龄、体重和体重指数等无相关（P〉0．05）。结论采用后稳定型TKR是治疗重症膝关节骨性关节炎的有效方法。术后疗效与术前膝关节HSS评分、疼痛和功能评分呈正相关；并发症的发生对术后疗效有明显负面影响。     

锁骨下动脉损伤的外科处理

目的 探讨锁骨下动脉损伤的外科治疗特点。方法 1990年7月～2006年1月，对12例锁骨下动脉损伤患者，取锁骨上下联合切口，充分显露锁骨下动脉全段，分别采用动脉破口修补、包裹修复、血管吻合及人造血管移植修复重建损伤动脉。均为男性，年龄18～36岁，平均22.6岁。损伤部位：锁骨下动脉第1段1例，第2段4例，第3段7例。损伤类型：均为不完全断裂及破损，其中动脉破损区小于动脉周径1／3者4例，小于动脉周径2／3者5例，大于动脉周径2／3者3例。伴全臂丛神经损伤1例，神经干缺损5cm；部分臂丛神经损伤3例，其中2例仅前束损伤，神经缺损分别为4cm和6cm；正中神经完全损伤及尺神经不完全损伤1例，神经缺损4cm。损伤至手术时间3h～1.5个月。结果 术后无死亡及肢体坏死。获随访2个月～12年，平均5年2个月。10例桡动脉搏动恢复良好，2例桡动脉搏动不明显，均为动脉直接吻合者。4例合并臂丛神经损伤患者，前束损伤者术后肢体功能基本恢复正常，屈肘肌力Ⅳ级；全臂丛神经完全损伤者术后上肢功能基本无改善。结论 锁骨下动脉解剖位置特殊，动脉损伤后显露、修复均较困难。锁骨上下联合切口可在直视下显露动脉全段，修复重建安全可靠。     

根治性膀胱全切后改良MainzⅡ式膀胱术96例临床分析

目的:探讨根治性膀胱全切后改良MainzⅡ式膀胱术的术后临床效果。方法:采用改良MainzⅡ膀胱术治疗膀胱癌患者96例,通过监测肾功能和尿控情况,观察有无逆行感染及切口感染、肾积水、肠瘘等并发症,并做生活质量评分(QOL),从而判断手术疗效。结果:96例患者手术均获得成功,手术时间3~10h,平均6h;出血量200~1 000ml,平均400ml。随访6~36个月,96例患者均无尿失禁;排尿次数1次/2~5h,平均1次/3h,每次尿量100~500ml,平均300ml;5例逆行感染,12例切口感染,9侧肾积水,其中3例双侧肾积水,25例轻度高氯性酸中毒,2例肠瘘,1例术前肾积水术后肾萎缩,肿瘤复发转移5例,4例死亡。QOL为0~5分,平均2.5分(介于满意和大致满意之间)。结论:改良MainzⅡ式膀胱术具有操作简单、手术时间短、复发率低、并发症少等优点,可作为一种可控性尿流改道的术式选择。     

股骨近端防旋髓内钉治疗Russell-TaylorⅡ型股骨转子下骨折

目的探讨股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)治疗Russell-TaylorⅡ型股骨转子下骨折的手术方法及疗效。方法对17例Russell-TaylorⅡ型股骨转子下骨折患者牵引复位后均行PFNA内固定治疗。结果手术时间60~90 min,术中出血量150~400 ml。17例均获随访,时间10~24个月。骨折均达骨性愈合。按Harris标准进行髋关节功能评价:优10例,良6例,可1例。结论 PFNA治疗Russell-TaylorⅡ型股骨转子下骨折操作简单,创伤小,疗效满意。     

Outcome of uncemented trapeziometacarpal prosthesis for treatment of thumb carpometacarpal joint arthritis

Background:

Osteoarthritis of the trapeziometacarpal joint of thumb occurs frequently and can be very disabling. Numerous surgical techniques including trapeziectomy with or without tendon interposition arthrodesis and partial or total joint arthroplasty with cemented and noncemented prosthesis have been described for the treatment of trapeziometacarpal joint osteoarthritis. Initial problems of osteolysis and implant loosening have been substantially reduced with improvement in implant design. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis of the thumb can be effectively treated with uncemented total joint replacement prosthesis.

Materials and Methods:

We retrospectively collected data for 16 trapeziometacarpal joint replacements in 14 patients. One patient was excluded as they required revision with trapeziectomy and ligament reconstruction following fracture of Trapezium. The trapeziometacarpal joint prosthesis was used in all cases and all operations were carried out by one surgeon. Clinical outcome was determined by a pre and postoperative patient rated wrist evaluation (PRWE) and Michigan Hand Questionnaire Score. Range of motion, grip, tip pinch and key pinch strength were measured and compared with the unoperated hand. Radiological assessment was carried out by plain radiographs for preoperative staging of arthritis and postoperative radiographs at latest followup for evaluation of osteolysis and implant loosening. Average followup period was 26 months.

Results:

There was an improvement in hand function and pain level based on PRWE and Mischigan Hand outcome Questionnaire Score. One patient had intraoperative fracture of Trapezium and subsequent radiographs at 14 months followup showed loosening of the trapezial component due to nonunion of the fracture and complete disintegration of the trapezium. There were no cases of dislocation or implant loosening for the remaining 15 CMC joints at the latest followup.

Conclusion:

The use of uncemented prosthesis in treatment of Questionnaire Score. Range of motion joint osteoarthritis gives excellent short term results in improving hand function in terms of strength and stability and achieving pain relief.     

Large diameter metal on metal total hip replacement for femoral neck fractures with neurological conditions: A retrospective assessment

Background:

Patients with Parkinson''s disease and poliomyelitis can have a femoral neck fracture; yet, the optimal methods of treatment for these hips remains controversial. Many constrained or semi-constrained prostheses, using constrained liners (CLs) with a locking mechanism to capture the femoral head, were used to treat femoral neck fractures in patients with neurological disorders. We retrospectively studied a group of patients with Parkinson''s disease and poliomyelitis who sustained femoral neck fractures and were treated by total hip arthroplasty using an L-MoM prosthesis.

Materials and Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed 12 hips in 12 patients who underwent large-diameter metal-on-metal (L-MoM) total hip replacement between May 2007 and October 2009. Eight of the 12 patients (8 hips; 66.7%) had Parkinson''s disease and 4 patients (4 hips; 33.3%) were affected with poliomyelitis.

Results:

The followup time was 5.2 years (range 3.6-6.0 years). At the latest followup, all the patients showed satisfactory clinical and radiographic results, with pain relief. No complications, such as dislocation or aseptic loosening occurred.

Conclusion:

We believe the use of L-MoM can diminish the rate of instability or dislocation, after operation. The L-MoM is an option for patients with Parkinson''s disease and poliomyelitis with femoral neck fracture.     

改进型Tri—lock骨保留假体的短期临床应用研究

目的 评价改进型Tri lock骨保留假体在初次全髋关节置换术中的应用,分析这种改进型假体的稳定性及临床效果.方法 选取2011年3月到2012年3月本组接受初次全髋关节置换术治疗的患者36例（37髋）,男5例,女31例;年龄48～71岁,平均年龄54岁.新鲜股骨颈骨折5例、5髋.股骨头坏死Ⅲ期6例、6髋,Ⅳ期7例、7髋.DDH CroweⅠ型继发髋关节骨关节炎5例（6髋）,Ⅱ型继发髋关节骨关节炎2例（2髋）.原发性髋关节骨关节炎11例（11髋）.髋臼假体全部采用生物型假体,内衬采用陶瓷内衬的27髋,采用金属内衬的10髋,股骨头全部采用陶瓷头.手术均采用髋关节后外侧切口,术后3、6、12个月及以后每年随访一次,采用Harris髋关节评分和骨性关节炎指数可视化量表（WOMAC）,对患者手术前后关节功能进行评估.结果 36例患者（37髋）全部获得随访,随访时间范围15～27个月,平均随访时间 24.8个月.Harris髋关节评分从术前平均（20.33±10.40）分提高到末次随访时的（93.96±4.45）分,手术前后差异有统计学意义（t=28.37,P〈0.01）.骨关节炎指数（WOMAC）评分改善显著,总分由术前（77.41± 13.07）分降至末次随访时的（11.53±4.56）分,手术前后差异有统计学意义（t=21.37,P〈0.01）.随访期间未发现假体松动,脱位及感染.结论 由于假体本身设计特点,更加符合身高较矮、骨骼较小的亚洲人,其次可以保留更多的骨量,假体初始稳定性好,陶瓷-陶瓷界面或陶瓷-金属界面磨损率低,近期疗效好,并发症少,易于二次翻修.     

股骨近端防旋髓内钉Ⅱ微创治疗老年股骨转子间骨折

<正>2010年8月~2013年8月,我科采用股骨近端防旋髓内钉Ⅱ(PFNAⅡ)治疗26例老年股骨转子间骨折患者,取得满意疗效,报道如下。1材料与方法1.1病例资料本组26例,男16例,女10例,年龄50~82岁。骨折按Evans分型:Ⅰ型6例,Ⅱ型13例,Ⅲ型5例,Ⅳ型2例。1.2治疗方法患者入院后给予胫骨结节牵引,治疗内科合并症,病情稳定且